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  PRESENT FORMS
  REVISION
  Преподаватель: Москвитина Наталия Владимировна
  stepbystepsmol@mail.ru
  

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  There are four present tense forms in English:
  Present simple: I work
  Present continuous: I am working
  Present perfect: I have worked
  Present perfect continuous: I have been working
  

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  statement (+): I/You/They travel… He/She/It travels…
  negative (-): I/You/They don’t travel… He/She/It doesn’t travel… questions (?): Do I/You/They travel… ? Does He/She/It travel…?
  
  
  ! We can also use do/does in present simple statements for emphasis.
  
  -You don't pay much attention to them.
  -I do pay much attention to them.
  
  - You don’t like going by bus, do you?
  -Actually, I do like going by bus for short distances.
  
  
  
  Present simple
  Form
  
  

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  Present simple
  Use
  Permanent ( more or less) situations or states:
  She works in a bank.
  She has three children.
  I am married.
  Routines, habits, things we do regularly (often with adverbs of frequency):
  At the weekend, we usually go to the market. (routine/ habit)
  They love coffee. (habit)
  How often do you study English? (regular action)
  General truth, laws of nature:
  The sun rises in the east.
  People need food.
  It snows in winter.
  
  Timetables, programs (future meaning):
  School begins at nine tomorrow.
  What time does the film start?
  The plane doesn't arrive at seven, it arrives at seven thirty.
  
  To talk about what happens in books, plays, or films:
  The hero dies at the end of the film.
  A young woman travels through Europe, where she meets different people, and finally falls in love.
  The main character is very pretty and works in a bookshop.
  
  
  
  
  

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  always
  every day
  all the time
  often
  usually
  sometimes
  seldom
  never
  first ... then
  once a month
  twice a weak
  four times a year
  at night/the weekend etc.
  
  
  
  
  Present simple
  Adverbs of frequency
  (Signal words)
  
  
  
  

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  Present simple
  

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  To be (am/is/are) +Ving (V4)
  statement (+): I am driving… We/You/They are driving… He/She/It is driving…
  
  negative (-): I’m not driving… We/You/They aren’t driving… or
  We’re/You’re/They’re not driving …
  He/She/It isn’t driving…or He’s/She’s/It’s not driving…
  
  questions (?): Am I driving…? Are We/You/They driving…? Is He/She/It driving…?
  
  
  
  
  
  Present continuous
  Form
  
  

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  Present continuous
  Use
  Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking:
  I am working at the moment.
  Julie is sleeping.
  She is looking for a better job
  Temporary situations:
  She is staying with her friend for a week.
  John is working in a bar until he finds a job in his field.
  Changing and developing situations:
  I am getting better at playing the piano.
  The weather is improving.
  Annoying habits (usually with always, forever, constantly):
  You are always losing your keys!
  She is constantly missing the train.
  He is always sleeping in.
  For something which is new and contrasts with a previous state:
  These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.
  What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays?
  
  

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  at the moment
  at this moment
  today
  now
  right now
  Listen!
  Look!
  Present continuous
  Signal words
  

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  Present continuous
  
  

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  Have/has + past participle (V3)
  
  statement (+):  I/We/You/They have played … He/She/It has played …
  
  negative (-): I/ We/You/They haven’t played … He/She/It hasn’t played …
  
  questions (?): have I/we/you/they  played …? has he/she/it  played …?
  
  
  
  
  Present perfect simple
  Form
  
  

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  Present perfect simple
  Use
  
  puts emphasis on the result:
  She has written five letters.
  action that is still going on:
  I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
  action that stopped recently:
  She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
  finished action that has an influence on the present:
  I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
  action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience):
  I have never been to Australia.
  They have visited Paris three times.
  With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:
  It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.
  Changes which have happened:
  I’ve lost ten kilos.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Puts emphasis on the result:
  She has written five letters.
  Action that is still going on:
  I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
  Action that stopped recently:
  She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
  Finished action that has an influence on the present:
  I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
  Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience):
  I have never been to Australia.
  They have visited Paris three times.
  With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:
  It’s the second time I’ve been on a plane.
  Changes which have happened:
  I’ve lost ten kilos.
  
  
  
  
  

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  Present perfect simple
  Been and gone
  
  

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  Time expressions which refer to the recent past:
  Just; recently
  Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey. 
  We have just got back from our holidays.
  
  Time expressions which include the present:
  Ever (in questions); so far; until now; up to now; yet (in questions and negatives)
  Have you ever seen a ghost?
  Where have you been up to now?
  Have you finished your homework yet?
  No, so far I’ve only done my history.
  
  With unfinished time words:
  This month, this week, today
  ! We do not use the present perfect with finished time words  :
  I have seen that film yesterday.
  
  
  Present perfect simple
  Signal words
  

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  Present perfect simple
  

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  Have/has been + Ving (V4)
  
  statement (+):  I/We/You/They have been travelling … He/She/It has been travelling …
  
  negative (-): I/ We/You/They haven’t  been travelling … He/She/It hasn’t  been travelling …
  
  questions (?): have I/we/you/they   been travelling …? has he/she/it   been travelling …?
  
  
  
  
  Present perfect continuous
  Form
  
  

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  Present perfect continuous
  Use
  
  puts emphasis on the result:
  She has written five letters.
  action that is still going on:
  I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
  action that stopped recently:
  She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
  finished action that has an influence on the present:
  I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
  action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience):
  I have never been to Australia.
  They have visited Paris three times.
  With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:
  It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.
  Changes which have happened:
  I’ve lost ten kilos.
  
  
  
  
  
  Actions started in the past and continuing up to present usually with
  all day/week/year etc., for, since or how long:
  He’s been writing a letter for two hours. (He started 2 hours ago and still writing).
  Actions stopping just before the present moment (with visible result):
  She’s been crying (her eyes are red).
  ! Not normally used with ever and never:
  Have you ever flown in a helicopter before?
  Have you ever been flying in a helicopter before?
  
  
  
  
  
  

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  Present perfect continuous
  Use
  
  puts emphasis on the result:
  She has written five letters.
  action that is still going on:
  I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
  action that stopped recently:
  She has cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
  finished action that has an influence on the present:
  I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
  action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking (personal experience):
  I have never been to Australia.
  They have visited Paris three times.
  With such phrases as “It’s the first/second/etc. time…”:
  It’ the second time I’ve been on a plane.
  Changes which have happened:
  I’ve lost ten kilos.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Compare the different uses of Present perfect continuous Present perfect simple
  

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