Билингвальный урок в презентации Фотосинтез

• 1 слайд

  Photosynthesis:
  Life from Light
  

• 2 слайд

  Energy needs of life
  All life needs a constant input of energy
  Heterotrophs
  get their energy from “eating others”
  consumers of other organisms
  consume organic molecules
  Autotrophs
  get their energy from “self”
  get their energy from sunlight
  use light energy to synthesize organic molecules
  

• 3 слайд

  2005-2006
  How are they connected?
  glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
  dioxide
  C6H12O6
  6O2
  6CO2
  6H2O
  ATP
  
  +
  +
  +
  Heterotrophs
  + water + energy  glucose + oxygen
  carbon
  dioxide
  6CO2
  6H2O
  C6H12O6
  6O2
  light
  energy
  
  +
  +
  +
  Autotrophs
  making energy & organic molecules from light energy
  making energy & organic molecules from ingesting organic molecules
  

• 4 слайд

  Energy cycle
  Photosynthesis
  Cellular Respiration
  glucose
  O2
  H2O
  CO2
  ATP
  sun
  The Great Circle
  of Life!
  Where’s Mufasa?
  

• 5 слайд

  What does it mean to be a plant
  Need to…
  collect light energy
  transform it into chemical energy
  store light energy
  in a stable form to be moved around the plant
  & also saved for a rainy day
  need to get building block atoms from
  the environment
  C,H,O,N,P,S
  produce all organic molecules needed for growth
  carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
  

• 6 слайд

  2005-2006
  Plant structure
  Obtaining raw materials
  sunlight
  leaves = solar collectors
  CO2
  stomates = gas exchange regulation
  Found under leaves
  H2O
  uptake from roots
  nutrients
  uptake from roots
  

• 7 слайд

  Chloroplasts
  double membrane
  stroma
  thylakoid sacs
  grana stacks
  Chlorophyll & ETC in thylakoid membrane
  H+ gradient built up within thylakoid sac
  Plant structure
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  H+
  

• 8 слайд

  2005-2006
  Pigments of photosynthesis
  chlorophyll & accessory pigments
  “photosystem”
  embedded in thylakoid membrane
  structure  function
  Why does this structure make sense?
  

• 9 слайд

  Light: absorption spectra
  Photosynthesis performs work only with absorbed wavelengths of light
  chlorophyll a — the dominant pigment — absorbs best in red & blue wavelengths & least in green
  other pigments with different structures have different absorption spectra
  

• 10 слайд

  Photosystems
  Photosystems
  collections of chlorophyll molecules
  2 photosystems in thylakoid membrane
  act as light-gathering “antenna complex”
  Photosystem II
  chlorophyll a
  P680 = absorbs 680nm
  wavelength red light
  Photosystem I
  chlorophyll b
  P700 = absorbs 700nm
  wavelength red light
  

• 11 слайд

  Transfer of Electrons in PSII & PSI
  In PSII, the energy from the excited e- pumps H+ into the thylakoid as it moves through the ETC.
  Electrons from PSII are transferred to PSI.
  After electrons have moved through PSI, an intermediary molecule (embedded in the membrane and adjacent to PSI) transfers the e- to NADP+. A H+ is attracted to this molecule and NADPH is formed.
  2005-2006
  

• 12 слайд

  2005-2006
  Chemiosmosis in Photosynthesis
  **(similar in Cell Respiration)
  
  proton (H+)
  gradient across
  inner membrane
  drive ATP formation
  ATP synthase
  enzyme
  

• 13 слайд

  Summary of the LDR
  PS II absorbs light
  excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor” at the REACTION CENTER.
  splits H2O (Photolysis!!)
  O2 released to atmosphere
  PS I absorbs light
  Produces NADPH (stored energy) which will be used by the Calvin cycle
  Chemiosmosis produces ATP from light energy
  ATP will be used by the Calvin Cycle
  
  

• 14 слайд

  2005-2006
  ETC of Photosynthesis
  Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy of ATP
  use electron carrier NADPH
  split H2O
  

• 15 слайд

  2005-2006
  2 Photosystems
  Light reactions elevate electrons in
  2 steps (PS II & PS I)
  PS II helps generate
  energy as ATP (H+ pumps)
  PS I generates
  reducing power as NADPH
  This shows Noncyclic photophosphorylation.
  

• 16 слайд

  ETC of Photosynthesis
  

• 17 слайд

  ETC of Photosynthesis
  

• 18 слайд

  2005-2006
  Cyclic photophosphorylation
  If PS I can’t pass electron to NADP, it cycles back to PS II & makes more ATP, but no NADPH
  coordinates light reactions to Calvin cycle
  Calvin cycle uses more ATP than NADPH
  

• 19 слайд

  Do Now: Light Reactions Summary Questions
  Where did the energy come from?
  Where did the H2O come from?
  Where did the electrons come from?
  Where did the O2 come from?
  Where did the H+ come from?
  Where did the ATP come from?
  Where did the O2 go?
  What will the ATP be used for?
  What will the NADPH be used for?
  

• 20 слайд

  Photosynthesis overview
  Light reactions
  convert solar energy to chemical energy
  ATP
  Calvin cycle
  uses chemical
  energy (NADPH & ATP)
  to reduce CO2 to
  build C6H12O6 (sugars)
  

• 21 слайд

  2005-2006
  From Light reactions to Calvin cycle
  Calvin cycle
  Chloroplast stroma
  Need products of light reactions to drive synthesis reactions
  ATP
  NADPH
  

• 22 слайд

  From CO2  C6H12O6
  CO2 has very little chemical energy
  fully oxidized
  C6H12O6 contains a lot of chemical energy
  reduced
  endergonic
  
  Reduction of CO2  C6H12O6 proceeds in many small uphill steps
  each catalyzed by specific enzyme
  using energy stored in ATP & NADPH
  

• 23 слайд

  PGAL
  to make
  glucose
  6C
  unstable
  intermediate
  1C
  CO2
  Calvin cycle
  5C
  RuBP
  3C
  2x
  PGA/GP
  6 ADP
  6 ATP
  3C
  2x
  3C
  x2
  PGAL/G3P
  6 NADP
  6 NADPH
  3 ADP
  3 ATP
  Rubisco
  1. Carbon fixation
  2. Reduction
  3. Regeneration
  ribulose bisphosphate
  ribulose
  bisphosphate
  carboxylase
  sucrose
  cellulose
  etc.
  

• 24 слайд

  Rubisco
  Enzyme which fixes carbon from atmosphere
  ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
  the most important enzyme in the world!
  it makes life out of air!
  definitely the most abundant enzyme
  

• 25 слайд

  Calvin cycle
  PGAL/G3P
  end product of Calvin cycle
  energy rich sugar
  3 carbon compound
  “C3 photosynthesis”
  PGAL/G3P  important intermediate
  PGAL glucose   carbohydrates
   lipids
   amino acids
   nucleic acids
  

• 26 слайд

  2005-2006
  Photosynthesis summary
  Light reactions
  produced ATP
  produced NADPH
  consumed H2O
  produced O2 as byproduct
  Calvin cycle
  consumed CO2
  produced PGAL/G3P
  regenerated ADP
  regenerated NADP
  

• 27 слайд

  2005-2006
  Summary of photosynthesis
  Where did the CO2 come from?
  Where did the CO2 go?
  Where did the H2O come from?
  Where did the H2O go?
  Where did the energy come from?
  What’s the energy used for?
  What will the C6H12O6 be used for?
  Where did the O2 come from?
  Where will the O2 go?
  What else is involved that is not listed in this equation?
  6CO2
  6H2O
  C6H12O6
  6O2
  light
  energy
  
  +
  +
  +