Good morning teachers and
pupils. My name is. I am a pupil of the grade Kirovsky secondary school. Let
me represent you my work. Every language has idioms. Idiomatic expressions are
a vital component of the language. All over the world free using idioms in
speech is a difficult problem for people, learning English language as a
foreign one. Idioms often cause serious difficulties even with people, who know
English very well.
So, in my work I’ll try
to get you to be interested in the beautiful world of idioms I’ve realized the
necessity of knowing idioms and using them in our daily speech before starting
my work. I learned the first idioms in our reader book of the 7-th form. I got
interested and began to look for idioms in textbooks and dictionaries. You
can’t imagine how surprised I was when I found out that some idioms had the
same meaning in English and Russian. So I started comparing and found out
similarities and coincidence in the meaning of idioms relating to the parts of
the body most of all. That’s why I’ve chosen this theme and I think that it’s
actual because idioms of this category are wide-spread and are not connected
with national or historical features of the nations.
Analyzing the idioms I’ll
draw some conclusions.
Aims:
v
To compare
idioms in English and Russian
v
To find out
similarities and coincidence in idioms relating to the parts of the body in
these languages
Tasks:
v to demonstrate a variety of idioms
v to help other students to use idioms
Methods:
v
analysis
v
comparison
v
illustrative
method
An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a
meaning different from what the words suggest in their usual meaning.
We can divide all idioms
into different parts. They’re everywhere around us. They can relate to music,
books, school and different part of the body and so on.
Relationship
Music School Beauty Books Parts of the body Time
Idioms Home Love Crime and punishment
Colors Weather
Food Animal kingdom Abilities
Exploring idioms in
English and Russian languages we have drawn some conclusions:
1. the word heart is connected with a soul, feelings, kindness,
love in both languages. But the word spirit «душа» is mostly in Russian and “heart” in English. It may
be connected with the mentality of the Russians and “Russian spirit”. For
example: One's heart isn't in it - Душа не лежит. To pull at someone's heart - strings - Брать кого-либо за душу. In one's heart of hearts - Во глубине души.
2. “Hand” have the
same meaning in both languages: «industry, ability, skill», as hands are
connected with physical work. For example: A safe pair of hands - Умелые руки. A dab hand - Золотые руки, мастер.
3. Idioms with the word
“neck” (шея) are connected with the execution
process, so it means «to risk». For example, to risk one's neck; to stick one's
neck out. But in Russian it is connected with the word head «голова» («рисковать головой»; «дать голову на отсечение»).
3. “Eyes” (глаза) get its meaning from its main
function “to see, watch, observe”. For example: A quick eye – to be observant.
To keep an eye on –to watch; To have an eye for smth. But there are also idioms
without coincidence: За глаза - Behind one's back (за спиной). Как бельмо на глазу - A thorn in someone's side (как колючка
в боку).
4. “Back” (спина) is connected with the hard work:
“to break one's back”-without possibility to watch what is happening backwards.
Behind one's back, to bee at the back of smth.
5. Ears (уши) have the main function – to hear.
Hence its main meaning is: Be all ears – to listen to attentively. Keep one's
ear to the ground – to be attentive (it is connected with the custom of the
Indians) but in Russian «держать ухо востро». The expression “wet behind the
ears” means «immature», as newly born animal has the last place, where it is
wet, behind ears - When it comes to girls Peter is still wet behind the ears. -
Что касается девушек, у Питера нос не дорос.
6. Tongue (язык). For example: To give a tongue – to
say, to speak. He
has a ready tongue - Он за словом в карман не полезет. There is also the negative meaning
connected with excessive talkativeness, insincerity, flattery, sarcasm: His
tongue is too long for his teeth - У него слишком длинный язык; To oil one's tongue – to flatter; A sharp tongue - oстрый язык.
As you see, most English and
Russian idioms relating to the parts of the body coincide in meaning and
figurativeness as this area is in general use and is not connected with
national and historical features of the nations. While translation you need equivalents
or variants in both languages. The main meaning is formed from essential function
or role of the organ.
In this table I’ve
written idioms relating to the parts of the body which coincide completely or
partially. I’ve separated each category of idioms by the part of the body and
the function they make.
While our experiment we
have made such conclusions:
1.
Idiom is a stable
expression; the meaning of a whole unit does not emerge from the meaning of
words it consists of.
2.
In spite of
difference in the culture and mentality of Russian and English countries we
have found the meaningful similarity of idioms.
3.
Most English and Russian
idioms relating to the parts of the body coincide in meaning and figurativeness
as this area is in general use and is not connected with national and
historical features of the nations. While translation you need equivalents or variants
in both languages.
4.
The main meaning is
formed from essential function or role of the organ.
You have just read my
work. I hope you are interested in it. To my mind, it’s very enjoyable to
discover new things about the language. It’s the way to improve your own
language and knowledge. As for me I learnt a lot of idioms both in English and
Russian languages. I think my work will be a great help for other students.
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