Доклад The White House_2 report

The white house (English the White House) President Residence USA in Washington. Its building has begun in 1792, has terminated on November, 1st 18000 The same day the second US president John Adams became its first owner. It represents a private residence in palladianskom style. The e house - concerning a small six-storied private residence with decorated with a portico with columns the central part from which two wings depart. The visitors coming to the White house on excursion, have possibility to see the most beautiful and historical premises, including East room, the Green room, the Blue room, the Red room and the Dining room for official actions. These premises are used by the President and the First lady for reception of visitors and heads from other countries. In the Oval office the President carries out the activity on a country government - signs bills and government directives and meets the employees, visitors and visitors.

Washington - a unique city in the world, not having the management? The mayor the president is considered. Opposite to the White house there is a monument to the first US president. On the lift it is possible to rise to the very top and to take pleasure in the opened kind on a city.

The white house for Americans is a symbol of the power, stability and prosperity. It is one of statehood symbols along with a nag, the arms and a state hymno This year to the White house it will be executed two hundred eighteen years.

The history of the White house originates in the past, symbolizing itself durability and unity of the American nation. Building of the building located to the address: Pennsylvania of an avenue, 1600, it has been begun 130RT%6Pf1 1792. The first name of the White house was other, it named differently: " a

presidential palace", " a private residence of the President", "The house of the President".

Concerning occurrence of the present name historians disagree. One asserts that the White house began to be called so, after a fire during war of 1812 of the USA with England. Then the building has very much suffered, and at restoration has been recoloured in white colour - from here and the name. Other researchers consider that in official documents the present name of the White house is mentioned since 1809 that is to a fire. In 1901 by order of President Roosevelt the name "The white house" it began to be used on official papers, documents, State Seals. Anyway, now the name of presidential residence is proved by colour of walls of a building: they are covered by structure from to exhaust, casein, and lead.

The architect of the White house had been appointed James Hoban, the American of the Irish origin. It was one of nine architects - applicants for project drawing up. It is possible to consider as James Hoban's co-author the first US president George Washington. It has introduced the corrective amendments in the project of the future residence. Thanks to Washington the White house has increased the area practically by third in comparison with the first variant and became more solemn.

Americans for the clear reasons do not like to advertise that in building of the main building of the country work of slaves and emigrants from Scotland, Italy, Ireland was applied. Building lasted more than eight years and coasted to the American treasury two and a half one million dollars. The first tenants have driven in the White house on November, 1st, 18000

If appearance of presidential residence remains almost invariable the interior varies with arrival of each new president. The main family of America is authorized to alter an interior at own discretion; however changes in so-called State premises should be co-ordinate with Committee of protection of a building. The most considerable trace in the history of the White house was left by Jacqueline Kennedy. At Jacqueline Kennedy many historical rooms of residence have changed colour: the Red room became darkly and cherry, Green has got colour of chartreuse, and the oval Blue room became whiteo Besides, Jacqueline Kennedy has filled residence with the best samples of furniture XVIll and XIX centuries, has asked museums of the USA to present to the White house of 150 ancient pictures, has bought in France expensive curtains of handwork, has restored everything that could be restored. Mrs. Kennedy itself selected fabrics for draperies, upholsteries of furniture and walls, and also fixtures. The interesting fact is known: when for furnish of the White house of Jacqueline Kennedy has looked after wall-paper of a XIX-the century from the house and The white a museum in Madrilöne - This wall-paper has been there and then removed from walls and sent to Washington. But at the same time many subjects of historical conditions of the White house, which Jacqueline's Kennedy has counted as bad taste, have been sold at auctions. Designers are engaged many years in their search what to restore historical justice.

In the nineties last century, at President Bill Clinton, shifts have been made in East and Dark blue rooms, and also in a hall of the state receptions and the Lincoln drawing room. Also there has been begun re-equipment of a bedroom of the Lincoln which have finished already after George Bush's coming to power. Besides, at Hilary Clinton Golubaja the room of the White house has found again the deep sapphire coloure

The first changes brought by the president George Bush in conditions of the White house, have been spent in the Oval office which is the main office of the American president.

So, for example, instead of an is bright-dark blue oval woolen carpet favorite by Bill Clinton with the presidential press in the middle, Bush has disposed to put on a floor in the office a similar carpet, but light-cream colouro Yellow silk "klintonovskie" sofas in a thin cherry strip are replaced same, but upholstered with simple cream brocade with imperceptible drawing. George Bush has decided to leave to itself the well-known oak desk which was John Kennedy's favorite table and which Clinton used. This table made of a tree of an English sailing vessel of "Resolute", has been presented to the US president in 1880 by the British queen Victoria and it is considered a historical relic. Presidents Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan and within several months the father of the present president George Bush-senior used a table also. Besides, George Bush has hung up on walls near a desk two pictures brought by it from Texas. On one the boy-fisherman, on another is represented - The horseman on a horse.

About George Bush it is known also that he constantly cares of economy of the electric power in the White house. At it in some rooms of the house special gauges which automatically include light if someone comes into a premise have been established, and extinguish it when in a room anybody is not present.

Usually in a press the scandals connected with a life of inhabitants of the White house are savored. However its walls store also set of raised romantic stories. For example, on June, 3rd, 1886 here the first presidential wedding has been celebrated: President Stephen Grover Killed (1837-1908) married 24year-old Frenzies Folsom, the daughter of the late friend and the legal partner. The bride for 25 years was younger than the groom.

Independent excursions on the White house have been temporarily cancelled after events on September, 11th, 2001 Though the house and is worthy of it, that it to look, make it absolutely hardly, especially in the spring and in the summer, when the flow of tourists. From the middle of March and prior to the beginning of September tickets (without instructions of exact times of survey) are got in the centre of visitors of the White house in a lobby of Administration of commerce (the southeast, ugly 15th streets and E-strut, 2024567041). Tickets are on sale from 7.30 mornings and are valid only at date of sale though turns frequently are built more till 7 0'clock; to one person on hands stands out no more than four tickets. Sometimes excursions are cancelled without the prior notification so in advance callo In the centre of visitors also there are some noteworthy exhibitions: the porcelain got by a family of the president of Monroe, furniture of the White house of the beginning of XIX century, Wilson Vidor's typewriter. The basic knowledge on stories of the White house can be received, having seen on video a 30-minute fact-finding film. Expecting the turn at an input in the centre of visitors on it's of the Ekzekjutiv-avenue; you will hear a broadcast about the White house and its history. Having passed by representatives of security service, you appear in a corridor on the ground floor with the panels containing the information on architecture of the White house, modern sculptures behind glass show-windows and well-groomed plants from Jacqueline Kennedy's Garden. On your way the Library protected by ropes forced by furniture in federal style will be following. On other side of the hall in Vermeil-howl to a room there are portraits of recent first ladies and a stake lecture of the gilt silver known as Vermeil. On top - On the state floor Extensive East room which is the biggest room in the house will be the first on your way.

Here press conferences, receptions, rewardings and concerts are spent. Here wedding banquets of Nelly the Grant, Elis Roosevelt and Linda Bred

Johnson were arranged. Present traces from castors on it on lug: Theodora Roosevelt's restless children speak unrolled on it on the roller fads. Among conditions the fine concert grand piano presented in 1938 by the company is considerably allocated "Steinway". Following point of your excursion will be the Green room which once served a dining room for Jefferson, and now is a reception. From windows of this room the fine kind on Jefferson's which is directly behind the Ellipse the memorial (an open green lawn to the north from the Konstitjushen-ave-nu) opens. The Most part of conditions of the Green room was W3FOTOBneHa in furniture masterful Dunkana Fife in the beginning of 1800th Wall wall-paper from MyapnpoBaHHoro green silk Mrs. Kennedy have been chosen. In a graceful and oval Blue room there are some pieces of furniture bought by James Monroe which has put this room in order after a fire of 1814 Here presidents still receive the visitors. The first ladies quite often spent leisuretime in the adjacent Red room arranged in style of the American empire style 1810 - 1830 About 130 visitors can take places in a magnificent State lunch hall which is known for the painted oak panels which have appeared here after pe of a design of 1902 Outside of, in Crossed halls, floors are laid out by marble from staff of Tennis. The marble ladder covered with a thick carpet conducts on the second and third floors. Among the well-known rooms on top there is a bedroom of the Lincoln and a bedroom of the queene In the Western wing (closed for visitors) there is a Room, numerous administrative and reception rooms and the Oval office (constructed in 1909) with an adjoining Pink garden. Outside of the White house there is a tennis court, a path for run, swimming pool, a cinema, a hall for bowling and a billiard room. Total of premises in the house - 1320

Architecture and interiors ofthe White house ofthe USA. The PHOTO

So, before the Washington Capitol the official celebrations devoted to inauguration of 44th US president of the Barrack of Obama have begun. On the big open space before the Capitol numerous spectators have gathered.

Obama and its partner Joe Baden together with wives of profit on a meeting in the White house with the leaving head of the state George Bush.

By the tradition, the first lady becomes the mistress of the White house. It has possibility to change its interiors to the taste. And while Michel Obama" Accepts affairs" At Lorry Bush, we will walk on the White house, we will glance in the majority of its premises well-known, official and in what are personal, living rooms.

Americans joke: wish to see the present America - it is not necessary to go to Washington. And in this statement there is a big element of truth. Probably, it is difficult to find a city which would be so on all continent "not American". The reason is covered and in the origin of a megacity, and in its primary mission.

Washington was under construction almost as Petersburg. How Peter the Great has said once "here the city will be put" also has constructed Northern capital of Russia as and in the earth of state of Colombia the stick in due time has been thrust. And on this place one of the most beautiful and most unusual cities of America has been constructed.

But Washington - it, of course, first of all the White house - Unique residence in the world of the operating head of the state, opened for access of general public.

The building history has begun with George Washington who has with own hand chosen a place for the "The presidential house" Also has signed the certificate of the Congress ordering to residence of the American government to be "On distance no more than 10 miles from the river Potomac"

In 1791 competition on the best project of new president residence USA which the American architect of the Irish origin James Hobens has won has been declared, and building has begun in October, 1792. And though George Washington has made much for building of one of the most well-known buildings in the world, to live there to it and it was not possible.

Building was tightened till 1800 when in a presidential armchair John Adams already sat. It together with the wife Abigejl also became the first inhabitant of the White house. And in general, since the first president in the White house had time to live 40 American presidents which memorials are located in parkway National Mall stretched from the Capitol.

By the way, white this house began to name, though and informally, at once - thanks to light sandstone from which it has been built. But only in the late twenties last century when after a fire the oldest office building of America under the direction of the architect of the house, Hobensa, have built up anew and have painted in white colour, president Theodor Roosevelt has officially confirmed this name.

During reconstruction of Hobe's has added to a building the western and east terraces, and also a southern portico of the semicircular form and northern portico with a colonnade. Since then the building remains practically without changes, up to the middle of last century, short of electricity and phone carrying out.

And here in 1948, at president Truman, in the White house considerable reconstruction has been made, including the two-storeyed cellar which serves till now as a staff of an operative management of foreign policy and military actions of the president is constructed.

Now the White house occupies the space about 7,2 hectares. In it of 6 floors (two of them basement), 132 rooms, 32 bathrooms, 147 windows, 412 doors, 3 lifts, 7 ladders.

The basic building remains till now premises where there are apartments of the presidential family which interior is sustained in style XVIII and XIX centuries. All presidential administrative premises "are collected" in the western wing. Including the well-known Oval office where the president, as it is known, holds the major meetings.

The most beautiful room of the house considers Blue which, however, not always was blue. The matter is that Jacqueline Kennedy, in the stay of the first lady of the state, tried to change internal design of the White house literally on a root, as a result at will many historical rooms of a palace have changed coloure The red room became is dark-cherry, Green has got colour of chartreuse, and the oval Blue room became whiteo And only when in the White house has driven Hillari Clinton, the Blue room has found again the deep sapphire colouro

By the way, here the main Christmas tree of the country in the winter is established. And though in the sizes it much more concedes, for example, New York, the main thing it all the same is considered. As ornaments on a fur-tree hang up the small breadboard models of memorials which are symbols of each of American states. These toys are produced by artists of each staff, and for the right to make a Christmas breadboard model by a following holiday the best masters of the country struggle.

Some more words about an interior. If appearance of residence on Pennsylvania-avenue from the date of the basis remains almost invariable the interior varies with arrival of each new president, and especially the first lady. The main family of America is authorised to alter an interior at own discretion (certainly, in certain borders). So also the first lady of the country as any other woman in the world begins the house warming with repair and change of scenery.

Thanks to the first ladies the White house shows the most interesting museum of the country as each presidential family has left in it fragments of the life. Here it is possible to see both Martha Washington's sugar bowl, and a silver coffee pot Abigejl Adams. In one of 132 rooms of a palace there is a toilet little table Eleonory Roosevelt. The considerable trace in the history of the White house as we already spoke, was left by Jacqueline Kennedy. It has filled a private residence with the best samples of furniture XVIII-XIX of centuries, has asked museums of the USA to present to the White house of 150 ancient pictures, has bought handwork curtains in France.

And in the State lunch hall everyone can read the lines engraved on a chimney board from the letter of president Adams to his wife Abigejl which are original "A prayer" The white house: " I pray for that heavens have granted all best gifts to this house and all who will live subsequently here. Let under this roof fair, wise people correct only"

It is interesting, how often American presidents pay attention to this inscription?

In 1998 US president Bill Klinton\Bill Clinton has appeared under the threat of impeachment because of its relations with Monikoj Levinski, the former probationer of the White House. Becoming the first US president given evidences before jury of jurymen, Bill Clinton, however, was not the first head of the state who has appeared got mixed up in love scandalo It has simply continued old tradition: many US presidents have been glorified by the love feats.

The founder of the United States George Vashington\George Washington was in intimacy with the woman by name of Mary Gibbonz. Other founding father of the USA, Thomas Dzhefferson\Thomas Jefferson, have been involved in relations with two women one of which was the wife of its close friend. Moreover, recent researches have shown that as a result of Jefferson's communication with its black slave on light there was, at least, one child. However, Washington and Jefferson did not change to wives as during that moment were not married. James Garfild\James Garfield became the first US president, convicted of incorrectness to a marriage vow. His wife has found out love letters which incontestably testified that Garfild had, at least, two mistresses.

The adultery theme became one of the cores during the selective company of future president Grover Klivlend\Grover Cleveland. On populous meeting a certain woman has declared that Clevelend is the father of its child. Republicans, the political opponents of Clevelend who were present on meeting and, possibly, organised this scandal, have immediately started to scan: "Mum, mum, and where my daddy? " Supporters of Clevelend - democrats - have maliciously cried out in the answer: "the Daddy has gone to work in the White House!

In most cases, in the XX-th century the American press tried not to take out rubbish from a log hut and not to describe love intrigues of US presidents. However much knew that president Vudro Vilson\Woodrow Wilson became the reason of the broken up marriage its mistress has divorced from the husband. Warren Garding\Warren Harding which has become by the president in the twenties, was the tireless ladies' man. Fifteen years it supported intimacies with the wife of the friend, and becoming the president, the beginnings of the relation with the woman who for 30 years was more younger it. On hearings, the pair was accustomed to make love in one of closets of the White House.

At Franklin Ruzvelta\Franklin Roosevelt who towards the end of a life became the invalid as a result of the transferred poliomyelitis, was the novel with the secretary. During the Second World War Martha, the hereditary princess of Norway occupied by nazis, has got over in the USA and lived in the White House. Roosevelt has tempted also her. Moreover, Roosevelt has died on hands of secretary Lucy Merser from which on hearings it had intimacies.

President Duajt Ejzenhauer\Dwight Eisenhower, the fighting general, had the novel with the driver - certain Kej Sammersbi. Groom Sammersbi was lost during the Second World. After that, the girl became Eisenhower's secretary. In 1990th years historians have found out their correspondence: in one of letters Eisenhower promised to get divorced from wife and marry Kejo

After murder of president John Kennedi\John Kennedy, there were many statements for its love affairs. Among its "victims" were cTpnNTH3epma Blejz It is old, actress Merilin of Monroe, the mistress of the leader of the Chicago mafia of Dzhudit Kempbell Eksner, and also incalculable quantity of stewardesses and assistants. In 2003 there was an information that Kennedy took with itself in trips of probationers of the White House which were engaged with the president approximately the in the same, than Monika Levinskio The first lady of the USA - Jacqueline Kennedy knowing about adventures of the husband, made all efforts that in the opinion of a society their family looked strong and happy. If it asked about novels Kennedy, she listed its political achievements.

According to some information president Lindona Dzhonsona\Lyndon Johnson had a 30-year-old communication with Elis the Voice, the wife of the known publisher. There is a version that Johnson intended to throw the wife for the sake of this woman. However so long novel has broken up for the political reasons: Ales has left Johnson as was against its policy and especially war in Vietnam. Periodically there were hearings about Richard Niksona\Richard's Nixon love affairs and even George Busha\George Bush. However all these hearings did not find acknowledgement.

It is interesting that of matrimonial incorrectness were accused not only presidents, but also their wives. Usually observers of morals reserved similar charges to the beginning of the next election campaign. For example Rejchel Jackson - the spouse of US president Andrew Dzheksona\Andrew Jackson accused in npeJ11060meqwnn and in ABOeMYX€nno Jackson's political opponents asserted that Rejchel has married Jackson, officially without having divorced from the first husband. To criminal levity Rejchel Jackson historians yet have not found out documentary acknowledgement One is authentically known: as a result of this scandal her husband has lost elections.

The American president has a house. No, not yellow, but whiteo It is located to the address: Pennsylvania-avenue, 1600. Tourists adore this house. The white house was official residence of all US presidents, except for George Vashingtona who held this post with 1789 for 17970 At the moment of end of building of the White house in 1800 the President of the country was John Adams. In August, 1814 the White house has been burnt by British then it is reconstructed and restored. In the White house six floors: two socle, two for public receptions and two for a family of the President. The visitors coming to the White house on excursion, have possibility to see the most beautiful and historical premises, including East room, the Green room, the Blue room, the Red room and the Dining room for official actions. These premises are used by the President and the First lady for reception of visitors and heads from other countries. In the Oval office the President carries out the activity on a country government - signs bills and government directives and meets the employees, visitors and visitors.

All over the world the White house is known as president residence USA and one of symbols of the American power. But, like the nation which symbol it is, the White house conceals in itself riddles and unexpected surprises.

10 The exact double of the White house is in Ireland

The architect of the White house had been appointed James Hoban, the American of the Irish origin who have got education in Dublin. It was one of nine architects - applicants for project drawing upo According to historians, Hoban took one of palaces of Dublin, a Lejnster-house at which the Irish parliament today sits for a project basis.

20 One more double of the White house is in France

The white house repeatedly reconstructed. In the beginning of a XIX-th century president Thomas Jefferson together with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobom has developed the number project construct to the White house. In 1824 architect James Hoban on the basis of this project has carried out an extension of some architectural elements, including colonnades. So, the semicircular southern colonnade of the White house repeats the form of colonnade Chateau de Rastignac, the graceful French private residence constructed in 1817.

3. On building of the White house work of slaves was used

The Earth on which Washington subsequently has been constructed, has been bought from states of Virzhinija and Colombia where work of slaves was still used. According to historical documents, the great number of black workers the majority from which were slaves has been involved in building of the White house. Black workers worked along with the white: they extracted sandstone on a deposit in staff of Virzhinija, dug a foundation ditch under the base of the White house, laid the foundation and burnt bricks for building of internal walls, 40 Europeans took part in building of the White house

Building of the White house would be impossible without participation of the European masters and immigrant workers. So, masons-Scots put up walls from sandstone. The Scottish masters also cut out from a stone an ornament from roses and garlands that today decorates the western input. Immigrants from Ireland and Italy carried out YR.rraA0^LIHb1e works. Besides, the Italian masters also cut out decorative elements from a stone, decorating columns of the White house. Building lasted more than eight years and costed to the American treasury two and a half one million dollars.

5. George Vashington never lived in the White house

It is possible to consider as James Hobana's co-author the first US president George Vashingtona. He has confirmed the project of the Irish architect, but has counted its insufficiently scale and grandiose, therefore has introduced the corrective amendments in the project of the future residence. Thanks to Washington the White house has increased the area practically by third in comparison with the first variant and became more solemn. However the president Washington never lived in the White house. In 1800 when building of residence of the American presidents has been almost finished, in it the first tenant - the second US president John Adams has driven. His wife Ebigajl repeatedly complained subsequently that the house of the president was in not finished kind. Adams has lived in the house of all about one year then it was replaced by Thomas Jefferson.

60 The white house long time remained the greatest house of America

New capital of the country - Washington - was under construction on a prefabricated plan of the French architect Pierre Charles Lanfana, and the White House reflected it just like huge majestic structures of Ancient Romeo However the project of Lanfana has not been accepted - to it have preferred much less grandiose project of Hobana and Latroba. Nevertheless, the White house was simply huge to measures of that time. It remained the greatest house in America up to the termination of Civil war when in the country active building has begun.

70 The white house hardly has not burnt down because of the British army

During war of 1814 the White house almost has completely burnt down from it there were only external walls. Washington has been set fire by the British army - in revenge for an arson of a building of Parliament in Ontario with which the American soldiers with two years earlier, in 1812 have arranged. From the artefacts stolen after a fire by marauders, the American state managed to rescue only two: a picture written in JO Washington, and a casket with jewelry. Last has been returned in 1939 to US president Roosevelt of that time by a certain citizen of Canada. He has informed that jewelry have been taken out from Washington by its grandfather. After a fire the White house has been built up practically anew, and president James Madison lived at this time in Octagon House which became subsequently headquarters of the American institute of architects (American Institute of Architects The president of Monroe has lodged in partially reconstructed White house only in October 18170

80 The western wing of the White house has been destroyed as a result of a fire

In 1929, soon after the beginning of Great depression, in the Western wing of the White house the fire caused by short circuit has flashed. Almost all rooms on first two floors of the Western wing should be restored after a fire.

90 At president Roosevelt Belyj the house has been converted taking into account requirements of invalids

Initial builders of the White house could not provide that once the president-invalid becomes its owner. To move on the White house in an invalid armchair it became possible only in 1933 when on a post of the president Franklin Delano Roosevelt has entered. As president Roosevelt has been paralysed as a result of a poliomyelitis and could not move freely, the White house has been reconstructed so that on it was possible to move in an invalid armchair. Besides, at Roosevelt in the White house there was a closed swimming pool with heating is it was necessary for its treatment.

10.  President Truman has rescued the White house from destruction

Hundred fifty years later after building wooden support and external bearing walls of the White house considerably ocna6nno Engineers have sounded the alarm, declaring a building emergency and demanding capital immediate repair. In 1948 president Truman has disposed about reconstruction and installation of new steel basic designs. While reconstruction lasted, the family of the president lived in the next private residence, Blair House.

11.  Earlier the White house was called in another way

For the two hundred year's history the White house has replaced some names: it named and "The presidential lock? 'P , and A presidential palace", and "The house of the president". Officially white house began to be called so only in 1901 when this name was entered into use by president Teodor Roosevelt.

12.  The white house not always was white

The white house is constructed of the grey sandstone extracted on a deposit in staff of Virzhinija. Walls from sandstone have been painted in white colour only after reconstruction of the White house after a fire of 18140 For building painting it was required about 570 gallons of a white paint The initial covering of walls has been made of rice paste, casein and leado