Тольяттинская Академия Управления
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Практическое пособие по
подготовке к письменной и устной части ЕГЭ по английскому языку
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Учитель
английского языка
Дроздева О.Н.
Тольятти, 2015
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Введение.
В 2015 году в ЕГЭ по английскому языку
была введена устная часть экзамена, состоящая из нескольких заданий (чтение
текста, составление вопросов, описание картинки по плану, сравнение двух
картинок по плану) и сохранена письменная часть (письмо личного характера и
сочинение – рассуждение с выражением своего мнения). Этот факт ставит перед
учителем цель - достижение положительной динамики
формирования коммуникативной компетенции у обучающихся и успешная сдача устной и
письменной части ЕГЭ по АЯ.
Для достижения поставленной цели
хорошо подходит системно-деятельностный подход в обучении английскому языку. Системно-деятельностный подход – это основа Федеральных
государственных образовательных стандартов второго поколения.
В целом,
системно-деятельностный подход в обучении означает, что в процессе обучения
ставится и решается основная задача образования — создание условий развития
гармоничной, нравственно совершенной, социально активной, профессионально
компетентной и саморазвивающейся личности через активизацию внутренних
резервов. Основные
характеристики системно – деятельностного подхода:
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Процесс обучения есть всегда
обучение деятельности.
·
Процесс обучения – всегда
творческий.
·
Обучение деятельности на
первом этапе предполагает совместную учебно-познавательную деятельность группы
учащихся под руководством учителя.
При этом подходе учитываются
возрастные, индивидуальные, личностные особенности. Прослеживается
деятельностный характер заданий на основе игрового, имитационного и свободного
общения. Создается ситуация успеха, и самовыражение личности становится важнее
демонстрации языковых знаний, участники общения чувствуют себя в безопасности
от критики, преследования за ошибки.
Если говорить о педагогических технологиях, с
помощью которых можно реализовать новые требования, то к ним относятся:
·
технология проблемного обучения,
·
технология проектного обучения,
·
информационные и коммуникационные
технологии.
В данном пособии учтены все эти моменты и разработаны
упражнения, основными задачами которых, являются:
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Подготовка к письменной и
устной части экзамена;
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Снятие языкового барьера;
- Повышение
мотивации к изучению английского языка.
LETTER
№1. Study the plan of writing
a letter and learn it by heart:
- Адрес
- Дата
- Обращение: Dear Sally,
Dear Aunt Jane, Dear Mr Brown, (запятая!!!)
- – благодарим адресата за письмо: Thanks
for…, Many thanks for…, How nice of you to …., I was very glad to get your
letter…..
- извиняется,
что не писал раньше:
I must apologise for not writing…. I really should have written sooner….
- Основная часть письма. В ней должны быть
раскрыты все аспекты, указанные в задании.
- В конце письма упоминаем о дальнейших
контактах: I’ll write again
soon. Looking forward to seeing
you. Hope to hear from you soon.
- Завершающая фраза от наименее формального к
более формальному варианту (Запятая!!!):
- Love,
- Best wishes, All the best,
- Yours,
- Подпись (без фамилии): Sally, David.
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5.1 Main part
5.2 Questions
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Your letter should have 90-154 words!
8, Frunze Street
Togliatti
Russia
16/05/2008
Dear Bill,
I was very happy to get your
letter. Sorry, I have not written for so long because I have been busy at
school studying for my exams. How are you keeping?
In your letter you speak about
issues which are interesting for all teenagers. I think a lot about my future
career. Furthermore, my parents help me to choose my future profession. So I
have already decided on my career. I want to become a teacher of foreign
languages, too. I do like to work with children. They make me feel happy.
I know that you are fond of
travelling. Where are you planning to go next? Are you planning to go with your
parents or friends? Where will you live there?
Sorry, I have to go. I am
looking forward to your answer. Keep in touch.
Best wishes,
Anna
№2. Put the parts of the letter in the correct order:
- Best wishes,
Olga
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Togliatti
Russia
10.05.15
c.
Moving to your trip to Chester Zoo I have some questions. How much did
you spend overall? Was it an interesting trip? Finally, do you recommend me to
visit it or no?
d.
In your letter you ask about animals in danger. As for me, it’s
definitely a serious problem nowadays which needs to be solved as soon as
possible. For solving this problem we can try either donate money in special
founds which protect animals or write a letter to our government and ask them
to make fines for hunting endangered species extremely expensive. There are a
lot of hunters in Russia looking forward to killing bears or some rare birds to
get meat or a skin for selling.
e.
I was very happy to receive a letter from you. Sorry, I haven’t written
for so long because I have been busy at school studying for my exams. How are
you doing?
f.
Looking forward to your answer. Keep in touch.
g.
Dear Sue,
№3. Fill
in the gaps. Sometimes you need more than one word:
Togliatti
1)……
23.04.2015
Dear Tom,
I was very happy to 2)……. ………
from you. Sorry I haven’t 3)…….. for so long because I have been busy at school
studying for my exams. How are you doing?
4) ……………………………… school uniform. I
think that wearing a uniform is very convenient for each person. You shouldn’t
choose what to wear every day. Moreover, it shows that you are the part of some
society. So, I believe that having a uniform in school is reasonable and
important.
You mention that in summer your
sister is getting married. 5)………………………..? Where do you plan to celebrate it?
How many people are invited?
6)……………………………………….. .
7)…………,
Ann
№4. Correct
the mistakes. There are seven of them.
Russia
Togliatti
Dear Jane
I was very happy to receive a
letter from you. Sorry, I haven’t written for so long time because I have been
busy at school studying for my exams. How are you doing?
In your letter you speak about
keeping fit. To my mind, everything what I can do and what I want to do is
running. As for my friends, they prefer going to the gym. And my town has
enough special centers to do sports such as tennis courts and swimming pools,
stadiums and gyms. According to my experience, I can say that the most popular
way to keep fit for young people is going to the gym.
By the way, I remember about your
birthday. Where do you want to celebrate? Are you going to invite your new
boyfriend? Can I help you with preparations?
Alex.
№5.
You have received a
letter from your English-speaking pen friend George who writes
... At school we are doing
projects on famous scientists from different countries. Could you tell me
about any famous Russian scientist? What is he or she famous for? How long has
he/she been in science?
As for our Christmas
party at my school, it was great...
Write a letter to Angela.
In your letter
—tell her about the scientist you admire most of all
—ask 3 questions about her Christmas party
Write 100—140
words.
Remember the rules of letter
writing.
OPINION ESSAY
№1. Look
through the parenthetic words and phrases:
Вводные слова согласия, добавления, сходства
as
a matter of fact
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собственно говоря
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furthermore
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более того
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in
like manner
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Подобным образом
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additionally
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в дополнение к этому
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in addition
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к тому же
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together with
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наравне с
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first, second, third
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во-первых, во-вторых, в-третьих
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moreover
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более того
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comparatively
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сравнительно
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as well as
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а также
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of course
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конечно же
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Вводные
слова противопоставления, ограничения, противоречия
although
this may be true
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хотя это может быть правдой
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(and) yet
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и все-таки
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in contrast
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в отличие от этого
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while
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Пока
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of course …, but
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разумеется, но
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besides
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кроме того
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on the other hand
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с другой стороны
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in reality
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на самом деле
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on the contrary
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напротив
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even though
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даже если
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at the same time
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в то же время
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although
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Хотя
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in spite of
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несмотря на
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instead
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Зато
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even so / though
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даже так/хотя
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whereas
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в то время, как
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however
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однако
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despite
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несмотря на
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nevertheless
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тем не менее
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otherwise
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Иначе
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Вводные
слова примеров, поддержки, акцентирования
in other words
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другими словами
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for this reason
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по этой причине
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in fact
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к тому же
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truly
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на самом деле
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in general
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как правило
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indeed
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более того
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in particular
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в частности
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certainly
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вне всякого сомнения
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in detail
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подробным образом
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surely
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Ведь
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for example
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например
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especially
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а именно
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for instance
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к примеру
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specifically
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а именно
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Вводные
слова эффекта, следствия, результата
as a result
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как результат
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for
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Поскольку
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under those circumstances
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учитывая обстоятельства
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thus
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таким образом
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in that case
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в этом случае
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consequently
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Поэтому
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for this reason
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по этой причине
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therefore
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по этой причине
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№2. Put the words in the correct column: furthermore,
consequently, in particular, on the contrary, therefore, in other words, in
addition, moreover, in general, as a result, on the other hand, besides,
additionally, thus, as a matter of fact.
Вводные
слова согласия, добавления, сходства
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Вводные
слова противопоставления, ограничения, противоречия
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Вводные слова
примеров, поддержки,
акцентирования
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Вводные слова эффекта, следствия, результата
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№3. Find
all the linking words and constructions:
The real evils, indeed, of Emma's
situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a
disposition to think a little too well of herself; these were the disadvantages
which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at
present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with
her. (Jane Austen “Emma”)
Mrs.
McGillicuddy panted along the platform in the wake of the porter carrying her
suitcase. Mrs. McGillicuddy was short and stout, the porter was tall and
free-striding. In addition, Mrs. McGillicuddy was burdened with a large
quantity of parcels; the result of a day's Christmas shopping. The race was, therefore,
an uneven one, and the porter turned the corner at the end of the platform
whilst Mrs. McGillicuddy was still coming up the straight. (Agatha Christie
“From Paddington”)
Anyway, he wrote this play called The Christmas
Angel, because he didn’t want to keep on performing that old Charles
Dickens classic A Christmas Carol. In his mind Scrooge was a heathen,
who came to his redemption only because he saw ghosts, not angels—and who was
to say whether they’d been sent by God, anyway? (N.Sparks “A walk to remember”)
№4. Study the plan of writing
an opinion essay and learn it by heart:
OPINION («Я»)
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Introduction
(постановка проблемы, вопроса)
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Express YOUR
opinion (I think/ I believe…) – 2-3 reasons
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Give other people’s
opinion (Some people think/ Other people believe…) –
1-2 reasons
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WHY you don’t agree
with them (however, I do not agree with them because…)
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Conclusion (+ state
your own opinion)
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- Remember:
NO contractions: Don’t do not
- Your essay should have 180-275
words.
№5. You
have some topics. Make up 2-3 reasons for this opinion and write them down.
№6. Put the parts of the essay
in the correct order:
1)
In my opinion, it does not matter if a person wears not fashionable
clothes. If he still manages to look outstanding then it is not about fashion
for sure. It’s more important how this person socializes with you and somebody
else and how he behaves himself. For instance, you can see a huge amount of
beautiful girls in streets every summer but who knows who of them is kind or
who is envious?
2) I
do not agree with others because the main thing in any person is his soul and
everything what is inside, under the clothes.
3) Other
people think that following fashion is what makes you an example for somebody else
and everybody around will pay attention only to the guy with fashionable jeans,
jacket or a beautiful cap.
4) There
are a lot of debates nowadays related to clothes you wear. Some people claim
that apart from looking cool you should be in the modern outfit as well while
others say that following fashion will lead only to lack of money. Let us
discuss this problem.
5) To
sum up, it does not matter if clothes are fashionable or not. It is up to
personality and his behavior. However, both standpoints can exist.
№7. Disagree with these statements and make up 1-2
reasons against each of them.
1) Fast
food is convenient nowadays.
2) It’s
better to travel abroad.
3) Teenagers
should work while studying.
4) It’s
better to be an only child.
5) Money
is blessing.
6) We
can’t live without the Internet.
7) A
person can have only one best friend.
8) Living
in cities is much better than living in the countryside.
9) Extreme
kinds of sports are dangerous.
10) We should refuse
from using cars to reduce pollution.
№8. Write an essay following all
the rules:
a)
Children should start living independently as soon as they finish
school.
b) People
shouldn’t live together if they are not married.
Speaking
Task 1.
Imagine that you are preparing a project
with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation
and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the
text silently, and then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more
than 1.5 minutes to read it.
№1.
Unlike traditional encyclopedias, Wikipedia follows the
procrastination principle
regarding the security of its content. It
started almost entirely open—anyone could create articles, and any Wikipedia
article could be edited by any reader, even those who did not have a Wikipedia
account. Modifications to all articles would be published immediately. As a
result, any article could contain inaccuracies such as errors, ideological
biases, and nonsensical or irrelevant text.
Over time, the English Wikipedia and some other
Wikipedias gradually restricted modifications. For example, in the English
Wikipedia and some other language editions, only registered users may create a
new article. On the English Wikipedia and some others, some particularly
sensitive and vandalism-prone pages are now "protected" to some degree.
№2.
Lizards typically have feet and external
ears, while snakes lack both of these characteristics. However, because they
are defined negatively as excluding snakes, lizards have no unique
distinguishing characteristic as a group. Lizards and snakes share a
movable bone. Many lizards can detach their tails to
escape from predators, an act called autotomy. The
lizard will partially regenerate its tail over a period of weeks. A 2014
research identified 326 genes involving the regeneration of lizard tails. Vision, including color vision, is particularly well developed in most
lizards, and most communicate with body language or bright colors on
their bodies, as well as with pheromones. Numerous species of lizard are kept as pets,
including bearded dragons, iguanas, anoles, and geckos (such as the popular leopard gecko). Lizards that bite
humans are very rare. Most lizards eat fruit, or vegetables.
№3.
Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall between 250 and 450 centimetres (98
and 177 in). There are two
types of rainforest: tropical rainforest and temperate rainforest. The monsoon
trough, alternatively known
as the intertropical zone, plays a significant role in creating
the climatic conditions necessary for the Earth's tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests are characterized by a warm and wet
climate. The forest floor, the bottom-most layer,
receives only 2% of the sunlight. Only plants adapted to low light can grow in this region. Away from riverbanks, swamps and
clearings, where dense undergrowth is found, the forest floor is relatively
clear of vegetation because of the low sunlight penetration. It also contains decaying plant and animal matter, which
disappears quickly, because the warm, humid conditions promote rapid decay.
Many forms of fungi growing here help decay the animal and
plant waste.
№4.
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of "berries"from the Coffea plant. Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. The latter is has a more bitter taste.
Once ripe, coffee beans are picked, processed, and dried. Green (unroasted)
coffee beans are one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.
Once traded, the beans are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the
desired flavor, before being ground and brewed to create coffee. Coffee is
slightly acidic and can have a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most
popular drinks in the world. It
can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. The effect of coffee on
human health has been a subject of many studies; however, results have varied
in terms of coffee's relative benefit. The
majority of recent research suggests that moderate coffee consumption is benign
or mildly beneficial in healthy adults.
№5.
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum, designed to be inflated out of the mouth as a bubble. In 1928, Walter E. Diemer, an
accountant for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia, was experimenting
with new gum recipes. One recipe was found to be less sticky than regular
chewing gum, and stretched more easily. This gum became highly successful and
was eventually named by the president of Fleer as Dubble Bubble because of its
stretchy texture. The original bubble gum was pink in color because that was
the only dye Diemer had on hand at the time and it was his favorite color. In
modern chewing gum, if natural rubber such as chicle is used, it must pass several purity and
cleanliness tests. However, most modern types of chewing gum use synthetic gum
based materials. These materials allow for longer-lasting flavor, a better
texture. Chewing gum was widely popular from the mid 20th century until a peak
in 2009, after which sales began to decline. During the period between 2009 and
2013 sales of chewing gum fell 11 percent. Reasons
for chewing gum's decline in popularity included alternative products for
breath freshening, the perception of gum as a "messy" product, and
less successful marketing efforts by chewing gum companies.
Task 2.
№1.
You have 5 minutes to write down 10 questions. Prepare questions for:
1.
the President of our country
2.
the principal of your school
3.
your parents
4.
your future employer
5.
your classmate
All the questions should be direct. When you finish, interview
your classmate using these questions
№2.
“VIP” interview. One student is in the
centre – he is a “VIP” person. All the rest students ask him questions; he in
his turn also asks them a question. So, each person will ask one question,
while the person in the centre will ask 10-15 depending on the number of
students in the group. All the questions should be direct.
№3.
Work in groups. There should be 3-4 students in one group. Each team
has the same task and has to prepare for a tender. Their aim is to win the tender.
Each group has got 30 minutes to make an advertising poster and prepare their
speech. Each member of the team should speak. Time limit of their speech is 5
-7 minutes. After the performance of the group, all other teams start asking
the questions to find out details about the opponent’s business.
Possible topics:
1.
Open a travel agency. (Think of the name, activities and
directions you provide, discounts and prices, peculiarities of your business).
2.
Open an entertaining agency for children. (Think of the name,
activities you provide, discounts and prices, peculiarities of your business).
3.
Organization of the prom party (Think of the theme of the party,
activities, food and drinks, price, peculiarities, place and decorations).
4.
Open a sports centre in your town. (Think of the name, activities
and directions you provide, discounts and prices, peculiarities of your
business).
5.
Open a private school. (Think of the name, activities and
directions you provide, discounts and prices, peculiarities of your business)
№4.
Study
the advertisement.
You
are going to study abroad for three months and want to find a necessary place
you could attend. You’d like to get more information about this place. In 1.5
minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:
Example: car parking availability
·
Is there a car parking?
·
Is a car parking available there?
·
Do you have a car parking?
№1.
Task 3.
Imagine that you are showing your photo album to your
friend. Choose one photo to present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will
speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak
about:
·
when you took the photo
·
what/who is in the photo
·
what is happening
·
why you took the photo
·
why you decided to show the picture to
your friend
№1.
A.
B. C.
№2.
A.
B.
C.
№3.
A. B.
C.
№4.
A.
B.
C.
Task 4.
Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to
compare and contrast the photographs:
·
give a brief description (action,
location)
·
say what the pictures have in common
·
say in what way the pictures are
different
·
say which kind of life you’d prefer
·
explain why
You
will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.
№1.
№2.
№3.
№4.
№5.
№6.
№7.
№8.
Useful phrases:
- I’ve chosen photo number…
- The photo depicts/ shows….
- In the foreground/ in the
background we can see…
- I’d like to compare two photos.
- In the first/second photo you can
see…
- Both photos have a lot in common…
- Both photos are quite similar
because they both depict/show…
- There are some differences
between pictures.
- It’s possible that…
- There’s a chance that…
- I believe/ reckon/
think/consider…
- This photo is a good example of…
- Obviously/ probably…
- In conclusion,…
- As for me,….
- That’s all (what I wanted to say).
The example of task 3.
I’ve chosen
photo number 1.
The photo was taken last summer. I was on my holidays in St.Petersburg.
You probably know that this beautiful city is full of amazing things to see and
to do.
In this photo
you can see my friends. They are really great, cheerful and bright people. I’ve
known them for ages and I can always rely on them. We are often together
spending time in different ways.
If to speak about this photo, you see that my friends are sitting on the
bench. It’s obvious that they feel a little bit tired but excited and happy.
They are looking at the map searching for a necessary place. The weather is perfect;
it’s not hot but warm and sunny. So, my friends are wearing light and
comfortable clothes suitable for going around the town.
I took this photo to memorize that moment. It probably was one of the
most unforgettable experiences in my life. So, I wanted to have the opportunity
to recall these emotions and impressions of that day at any time.
I decided to show the photo because it’s worth seeing it. Looking at it,
you can see my friends whom you probably will never meet in real life.
Moreover, you can admire the beauty of the city and experience my feelings.
That’s all what
I wanted to say.
The example
of task 4.
I’d like to compare two photos. In the first photo you can see a man who
is working in an office. He looks busy and concentrated on things he is doing.
The second photo depicts children who are playing some videogames. They seem to
be excited and totally focused on their game.
Both photos are quite similar because they show us people who are dealing
with gadgets. There is one more common thing. People in both photos are inside
of the buildings. Also I consider that these people have been doing their
activity for a long time. These pictures prove the idea that people can’t live
without technologies nowadays.
However, there are some differences between these photos. In the first
photo we can see only one man and in the second photo there are two children. I
reckon the man is busy working on some project while the children are relaxing
and having fun. If to speak about gadgets, they are also different. One more
difference refers to the place where the people are. In spite of the fact that
all of them are indoors, the man isn’t at home in comparison with the children
who are obviously in somebody’s house.
As for me, I’d prefer the first type of activity. To my mind, it’s more
useful and appropriate for me. Playing videogames is more suitable for little
children. By the way, computers offer a bigger variety of activities that you
can do: playing games, watching films, listening to music, chatting online,
searching and working.
That’s all what
I wanted to say.
Список источников:
- ru.wikipedia.org
- J.Austen “Emma”
- Christie “From Paddington”
- N.Sparks “ A walk to remember”
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