Грамматический практикум 10 класс Gerund/Infinitiv + to/without to

     Инфинитив + to

 

Глаголы, после которых употребляется и инфинитив, и герундий

Следующий пункт посложнее: есть глаголы, после которых можно использовать и герундий, и инфинитив.

Что тут сложного? Дело в том, что часть этих глаголов будет менять значение в зависимости от того, в чьей компании они находятся – в компании герундия или инфинитива.
⠀

Глаголы, которые меняют значение: таблица герундия и инфинитива в английском языке

to remember
remember doing = помнить что-то. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ I remember leaving my cell phone on the table. (Я точно помню, что оставил телефон на столе)	remember to do = вспомнить, не забыть.  ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Remember to take your keys before you go out. (Не забудь взять свои ключи перед тем, как пойдешь на работу).
to forget
forget doing = забыть/не иметь сил забыть о чем-то, что уже произошло. I will never forget meeting her. It changed all my life! (Я никогда не забуду…)	forget to do = забыть что-то сделать в настоящем или недалеком прошлом. I think I forgot to turn off the iron. (Мне кажется, я забыла выключить…)
to regret
regret doing = пожалеть о чем-либо, что уже произошло. I regret talking to her that way! (Я сожалею, что разговаривал с ней так!)	regret to do = сожалеть о чем-либо, что приходится делать сейчас. We regret to inform you that you have not been admitted to Johns Hopkins University. (С сожалением сообщаем, вынуждены сообщить…)
to stop
stop doing = совсем прекратить что-то делать. I finally stopped eating at night! (Наконец-то я перестала есть по ночам!)	stop to do = прекратить одно действие, чтобы начать делать что-то другое. He stopped to ask for directions. (Он остановился, чтобы спросить дорогу)
to go on
go on doing = продолжать делать что-то, одно и то же действие. After a break she went on talking about her health. (После перерыва она продолжила рассказывать о своём здоровье)	go on to do = продолжать, но переключиться с одного действия на другое. She, first, melted chocolate, added butter and then went on to make icing. (Она сначала растопила шоколад, добавила масло и продолжила делать глазурь)
to try
try doing = попробовать что-то сделать, в качестве эксперимента. She tried learning English but gave up after a while. (Она попробовала поучить английский, но бросила через некоторое время).	try to do = пытаться совершить сложное действие, стараться, и прилагать значительные усилия. I tried to work, but couldn’t because of a terrible headache. (Я попытался поработать, но из-за ужасной головной боли я не смог).

Exercise 1 Use Infinitive or -ing form.

1.     It was quite late when they saw Martin … (come) up the other side of the street. They saw him … (pause) in front of his house, … (look) up at it and … (knock) at the door.

2.     My parents let me (stay) at Molly’s house last weekend. They agreed … (take) me to his place in the car and they made me (promise) to behave myself.

3.     Mel hates (answer) the phone. And very often Mel just lets it … (ring).

4.     At first Jenny enjoyed … (listen) to Steven but after a while she got tired of … (hear) the same story.

5.     Polly can’t (go) to the cinema today. She’s busy … (study) for her exam, which is next week, but she’s decided … (take) a break and … (phone) Megan.

6.     I tried … (listen) carefully and in order (not/show) how I was embarrassed, I did my best … (keep) the conversation … (go) on one topic and another.

Exercise 2. Read and choose the right form of the verbs.

1.     Peace activist Baroness Bertha von Suttner encouraged Alfred Nobel ... a prize for peace. (establish / to establish / establishing / to be established)

2.     The police officer made Neil get out of the car and demanded … his driver's licence.(see / seeing / to see / to be seen)

3.     In the time of Peter the Great the noblemen were not allowed … beards. (have / to have / having / having had)

4.     They wouldn't let ... the country without the entry visa, would they? (him to enter / he enters / him enter / him entering)

5.     Fred couldn’t make … that he had caught the huge fish himself. (I believed/ me believe / me believed / me to believe)

6.     Nick was very close to the phone-box and Mary noticed him … the number, and then she heard him ... something to passer-by. (to dial, to say / dialing, to say / to dial, say / dial, say)

7.     Nick was seen ... the hall and then Jane watched him ... (enter, go away / be entered, to go away / enter, go away / to have entered, to be gone away)

8.     It's too late now, but I will always regret ... John to do the work. (to ask / asking / ask / to be asked)

9.     My friend Moira stopped ... whole milk because she is on a diet. (to buy / buying / buy / to be bought)

10. They were allowed... discussing the plans, so their partner introduced himself and went on to talk about the project. (to continue / continuing / continue / to be continued)

Exercise 3.  Put one of the given verbs in the correct form – infinitive or gerund:

to see, to lock, to explain, to go, to show, to play, to listen, to do, to write, to earn, to discuss, to drive, to look, to speak, to understand, to do, to stay, to work, to spend

1.     I wish ... the manager.— It’s no use ... to him.

2.     Don’t forget ... the door before ... to bed.

3.     My mother told me not ... to anyone about it.

4.     He tried ... but she didn’t want ...

5.     Would you mind ... me how the lift works?

6.     I’m beginning ... what you mean.

7.     The boys like ... tennis but not ... this in bad weather.

8.     Try ... this correctly.

9.     He likes ... in his cabinet.

10. I prefer ... my car myself.

11. I advise you ... at my place and ... for a new flat.

12. Let’s ... this tomorrow, I’m tired now.

13. Most people prefer ... money. Some don’t want ... them.

Exercise 4. Put “to” where necessary.

1. I think you ought … apologize.
2. Make him … speak louder.
3. Help me … carry this bag.
4. My son asked me … let him … go to the theatre.
5. I must … go to the country.
6. It cannot … be done to-day.
7. She asked me … read the letter carefully and … write an answer.
8. The man told me not … walk on the grass.
9. Let me … help you with your work.
10. She ought … take care of her health.
11. We had better … stop to rest a little.
12. I don’t know what … do.
13. He was seen … leave the house.
14. We have come … ask whether there is anything we can … do.
15. We heard the siren … sound and saw the ship … move.
16. I cannot … go there now, I have some work … do.
17. During the crossing the passengers felt the ship … toss.
18. You must make him … practice an hour a day.
19. He is not sure that it can … be done, but he is willing … try.
20. I looked for the book everywhere but could not … find it.
21. He said that she might … come in the evening.
22. She was made … repeat the song.
23. Would you rather … learn shorthand than typewriting?