Урок 1
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
What
Is sold where
Until
a few years ago the English used to shop at their local greengrocers,
butcher's, baker's and so on. Now these small shops have all but capitulated as
their customers pile into their cars and get everything they need at huge
out-of-town-centre hangars filled with all their hearts desire.
The
only shops to have survived the march of the supermarkets in any number are the
corner shops, known in some quarters as Patelleries since so many of them are
run by Ugandan Asian immigrant families. These corner shops supermarkets in
miniature and sell anything from sweets to sweat bands, from napkins to
newspapers. Many of them are also open all day and half the night. The English
say that there only one golden rule. You can get anything you need in very
small or very big shops and nothing in medium-sized ones.
Reading
Food Labels.
Over the past 40 years, the range of foods available in
packets, jars and cans has increased dramatically. Legislative bodies
recognized that consumers required more information in order to make the best
choices for health, which resulted in improved product labels. Food
manufacturers in the European Community and North America are required by law
to provide the following information on product labels: total weight or volume,
a list of the ingredients and of the additives in order of weight. The
name and address of the manufacturers and the country of origin.
Manufacturers should also list caloric value per 100 g,
suggested number of servings the packaged food provides and the date after
which the product cannot be sold or should not be eaten. This date is usually
stamped on the lid or the base of products. Many labels also provide a nutritional
analysis of food,such as total fat, carbohydrate and protein content.
USEFUL
ADVICE
Shopping
in Britain
1. You are welcome to the stores and shops, but the managers ask you to abide
by the normal British rules and regulations.
2. Shopping is not
necessarily the same as in your native country and your home town if you have
any doubt, ask the sales staff to assist you.
3. Where
baskets are provided. please, use them, do not put any item in your bag or
pocket until you have paid for it.
4. Do not mishandle
any of the goods on display, do not handle perishable goods(fruit, etc.) or
fragile items, unless you have permission to do so.
5. No alcoholic
drink may be bought anywhere by persons under the age of 18.
6. always keep the
receipt that you receive
7. Do not
congregate in groups in such a way that you restrict the free passage of other
shoppers,or interfere in any way with the sales staff.
8. Security staff
work in most of the stores and shops in England. They will be watching for any
irregularity, and they have the power by law to detain you.
JOKE
A Bicycle or a Cow?
A salesman at the
village store was trying to persuade ¹
a farmer to buy a bicycle.
“I'd
rather spend my money on a cow,”
the farmer said.
“But
think”
insisted the salesman. “ What a fool you'd
look riding about on a cow.”
“Not
half such a fool as I'd look trying milk a bicycle.”
answered the farmer.
A POEM ENJOY
At the Grocery Store
Excuse me, please, I'm looking for tea.
It's on the top shelf,
Aisle number three!
What else do I
need? Corn and beans,
Carrots, apples and tangerines:
A gallon of milk, two pounds of steak,
A loaf of bread and a chocolate cake:
Some peanut butter and cherry jam.
Ready to check out?
Yes, I am!
PROVERBS AND SAYINGS TO MEMORIZE
1. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
2. To buy a pig in a poke.
3. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of
themselves.
4. A penny saved is a penny earned.
5. Hope is the poor man's bread.
GIVE IT A NAME
1. It is a vegetable that grows under the ground. It can be
boiled, baked or fried. It can also be made into chips or crisps.
2. It is the meat from a bull or a cow.
3. It is a vegetable. we eat the dark red part that grows
under the ground.
4. It is a shopkeeper who sells fruit and vegetables
5. It is a large shop which sells all kinds of food and
things for the house.
6. It is a plant which has seeds called grains
7. It is a vegetable. It looks like a large ball of leaves.
The leaves can be green, white or purple.
¹Persuade [pəʹsweıd]-уговаривать
Урок 2
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
Do
You Need Three Meals a Day?
How many
meals you have each day depends on your activity level and personal preference.
Some people feel and work best on four or five small meals.
It
is thought that eating a big breakfast, less lunch and a very small supper will
aid digestion¹. In other words, you should breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince
and dine like a pauper². This allows the digestive system to break down food
during the active part of the day and give you a steady supply of nutrients. If
you eat a heavy meal during the evening, it may not be digested properly and
may cause indigestion.
Chewing Gum
People think that chewing gum is a modern American invention. But it
isn't quite true. For thousand of years people have chewed³ gum⁴ resins⁵ made from a juice collected from trees.
Mexican Indians have chewed chicles⁶, the gum resin from the sapodilla tree⁷.
An American inventor, Thomas Adams, bought a large amount of chicle to
make something to chew from it. In 1871 he made and sold the first gumballs.
People liked them very much.
The chewing gum, as we know it today, was made by William Wrigley in the 1890s. He made gums into flat
sticks and added special flavours. Nowadays, Wrigley's
Spearmint gums and Juicy Fruit gums are the most popular chewing gums all over
the world.
Chewing gum was brought to Europe by American soldiers. They were given
chewing gum each day because it kept people from getting thirsty.
The soldiers gave gum to the people they met and soon it became very
popular everywhere.
USEFUL ADVICE
When Having Meals at a Restaurant
1. Choosing a meal can be a problem sometimes
because dishes are called unknown foreign names. Do not guess, ask the waiter
to help you.
2. Do not let the number of knives, forks and
spoons confuse you. It is simple- use them in
the order in which they are laid.
3. When eating, take as much as you want, but eat
as much as you take.
4. Do not eat too fast or too slowly, cut as you
eat.
5. There is about eating everything on your
plate, to indi- cate that you have had enough place knife and fork together,
not criss-cross.
6. Do not leave the spoon in your cup when
drinking tea or coffee.
7. Do not empty your glass too quickly- it will be refilled.
8. Normally a meal in a restaurant takes time.
Usually you tell the waiter what you want for the first two courses: he will
take your order for dessert and coffee later.
9. when paying the bill, it is customary to tip
waiters, however in most restaurants a service charge is nowadays added to
avoid individual tipping. But if the waiter has been very helpful, some people
like to give a small tip.
FROM
THE HISTORY OF WORDS
Hot
Dogs
These
sausages were first sold in the United States in the 1860s. Americans called
them “dachshund⁸
sausages”,
because they had the form of dachshunds-
long and thick.
They
were sold at baseball games. The sellers put the hot sausages on buns and shouted:
"Get your hot dachshund sausages!"
One day in 1906 newspaper cartoonist went to a baseball
game and a saw people with the dachshund sausages. Soon a funny cartoon
appeared in a newspaper: a bun with a dachshund inside. Under the drawing the
cartoonist wrote: "Get your hot dogs!'', because he didn't know the
spelling of the word dachshund. After that they became very popular and
people began to name the sausages in buns hot dogs".
JOKE
Husband (angrily):
what! No supper ready? I'm going out to a restaurant!
Wife:
wait just five minutes!
Husband:
will it be ready then?
Wife:
No, but then I'll be ready to go with you.
***
While serving the soup the waiter looked out of the
window and remarked: "It looks like rain, sir." The man tasted the soup
and said: "It tasted like rain too."
***
A
farmer comes to a town for the first time He stops at a hotel and asks the
clerk about hours for meals.
“Breakfast
is from 7 to 12 o'clock, lunch is from 12 to 3, dinner is from 5 to 7 and
supper is from 7 to 9”, answered the
clerk.
“
O, my goodness”, cried the farmer. “You
eat here the whole day don't you? But I want to see the town. I don't want to
stay at your hotel. I want to go to another one.”
A
DIALOGUE TO ENJOY
what
would You Like to Eat?
waiter:
Hello, please have a seat.
What
would you like to eat?
Jean:
I
think I'll have a steak
And
then for dessert some cake.
waiter:Would
you like it on a bun?
Medium?
Rare? Perhaps well-done?
With some string beans or some peas?
Potatoes?
Some salad? Some cheese?
Jean:
I'd
like my steak well-done
Served
on a toasted bun.
I'd
like some ketchup too.
Waiter:
I'll fix it just right for you.
Vean:
with a baked potato, please.
Lots
of string beans, lots of cheese.
And
a salad would be nice,
And
bring me some water with ice.
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS TO MEMORIZE
1. Eat at
pleasure, drink with measure
2. It makes one's
mouth water
3. One man's meat is another man's poison.
4. Appetite comes
with eating.
5. A hungry man is
an angry man
GIVE
IT A NAME
1. It is
something you can from It is made of glass and does drink not have a handle.
2. It is the
liquid that comes from fruit when you squeeze it.
3. It is a very
cold sweet-tasting creamy food.
4. It is used to
flavour food. It is found in the earth and in the sea water.
5. It is something
you can drink from It is made of china or clay and has a handle.
6. It is food that
people eat, usually at fixed times during the day.
7. It is food that
is just ough for one person.
Digestion
[dɪʹdʒestʃən]-
пищеварение
Pauper [ʹpɔ:pə]-нищий
chew [tʃu:]- жевать
gum [gʌm]-каучуковый
resins [’rezɪn]-смола
chicles [’tʃikəl]-натуральный каучук
Саподила(саподиловое дерево)
Dachshund-такса
Урок 3
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
Saffron
Little compares to the pungent ¹ aroma and
honey-like taste of saf- fron. And it is very expensive. Just i g retails ²
at about £2(£2 million per ton), making it more expensive than
silver.
Why is
Saffron So Expensive?
Saffron is the dried stigmas ³
of the crocuss
⁴. The flowers are picked by hand in the
early morning, left to dry in the sun, then in the evening three stigmas from
each flower are removed by hand. To produce 1 kg of saffron, it takes about
140,000 crocuses, a lot of time and a huge amount of intense, back-breaking
labour.
Saffron is most famously used in three classic dishes: the French
soup bouillabaisse ⁵ the Spanish
paella ⁶ and the
Italian risotto a la Mila nese. It is also used in traditional Cornish saffron
cakes and buns made with yeast.
USEFUL
ADVICE CABLE MANNERS
English
Dinner
English
dinners are not so different from those anywhere else but there are a few
things worth mentioning.
The
English often warm the plates. Be careful not to burn yourself when you touch
them.
The
food is often served up onto the individual plates the hostess. If by you are
given more food than you can hostess manage, you must tell your about it. She
will take some of it away before you have touched it. This is what you can say:
"Oh, it looks delicious, but I'm afraid it (really)
is too much for me! I don't think I can manage all of it. I'm sorry”.
When leaving the table, you don't use the
words"thank you" but you thank your hostess for food by saying, for
instance: "I did enjoy that”
or"That was delicious. I really enjoyed it”.
Drinks
Is it a myth or is it true that the English drink tea all the
time? The English very seldom drink milk with their meals as in many other
coun- tries. Some Englishmen drink water or squash ⁷, others may drink beer or wine on special occasions. Some families
have tea with their dinner.
If you are not given anything to drink and you find it difficult
to have a meal without a drink. you can get yourse. lf a glass of water from the
jar. You just say: "May I get myself a glass of water, please?"
JOKES
Tea
or Coffee
They
say that English people can't make good coffee. There is a story about the man
who was having breakfast in an English hotel.
He
took a drink from his cup and then said the waiter"Waiter, is this tea or
coffee?" to
The
waiter said. Can't you tell the difference, sir, by the taste?
"No,"
the man said, "I can't."
"Well,"
answered the waiter, if you can't tell the difference, what does it matter
which it is?"
A
Mushroom
A
Frenchman was travelling England. He couldn't speak English in at all. He knew
only a few English words and it was difficult for him to make
himself understood. One day he came to a country inn. He felt hungry and
decided to have lunch there. He wanted to order some mushrooms which he liked
very much. So he called the waiter and spoke to him in French. The waiter could
not understand a single word.
What
was the Frenchman to do?
At
last he had a good idea"If I show him a picture of a mushroom, he will
understand what I want," he said to himself .
So
he took a piece of paper and a pencil and drew a picture of a mushroom. The
waiter looked at it and ran out of the room. A few minutes later the waiter
returned with an umbrella, for this was how he had understood the picture.
A
Polite Question
The
manager of a very fashionable restaurant was much pained when a guest tied his
napkin round his neck. So he called a boy waiter to make the gentleman
understand, as tactfully as he could, that such things were not done.
The
boy approached the guest and asked seriously: "Shave or haircut,
sir?"
A
POEM TO ENJOY
You
Are Drinking My Strawberry Shake
“
You can sing this dialogue on the melody of the English song"My Bonny is
over the ocean”
Jack: Excuse me, I'm sorry to tell you,
But
you took my drink by mistake.
Excuse
me, I'm sorry to tell you,
You
drinking my strawberry shake.
Mag:
I'm not.
Jack:
You are.
Mag:
Don't get upset. Don't raise your voice.
Jack:
I'm not.
Mag:
You are.
Jack:
Please, don't raise your voice to me.
Mag:
And what makes you think it's your milk shake?
I
think you must be colour-blind.
And
what makes you think it's your milk shake?
I
are out of your mind. think you
Jack:
I'm not.
Mag:
You are.
Jack:
Let's let the manager say who's right.
Mag:
All right.
Jacke:
All right.
Mag:
Let's have him settle the fight.
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS TO MEMORIZE
1. Hope is a good
breakfast but a bad supper.
2. Better an egg
today than a hen tomorrow.
3. As slippery as
an eel.
4. All sugar and
honey.
5. Hunger breaks
stone walls.
GIVE
IT A NAME
1. Two slices of
bread with food between them.
2. It is a drink.
It is made by pouring boiling water onto the dried leaves of a plant with the
same name.
3. It is a small
plant. It has a short thick stem with a round top. It looks like a tiny
umbrella.
4. It is a sea
creature that has a hard shell, two large claws and eight legs.
5. It is a food
that is made by cooking fruit with a lot of sugar.
6. It is a food
made from milk. It can be hard or soft. Some sorts of it have a strong flavour.
7.when
it, food in your mouth. chew it and you do you put swallow it.
Урок 4
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
In 1860 was
published the classic recipe book by Elena Molokhovetz Gift to Young
Housewives". It was over 1,000 pages long and is still considered a
kitchen Bible by Russia's home cooks. Mrs Molokhovetz was full of respect for
Russian traditions and the dictates of the Church calendar,
but French in the techniques and refinement she brought to the ordinary table.
***
Salting and
soaking are the oldest methods of preserving products for long and cold Russian
winters. Foods treated in these two ways were favourites with both peasants and
royalty. Empress Catherine the Great liked best of all a Russian dish of salted
cucumber with a piece of boiled beef .
***
Russian
cuisine has borrowed many products and preparation methods from
other national cuisines. Trade with Byzantium brought Russia spices,
seasonings, rice and buckwheat. Bulgaria shared its peppers, eggplants and
marrow squashes.
Western
neighbours innuenced Russian cuisine too and now we have beef steaks and
schnitzels from German-Dutch cuisine and many sauces, dishes of poultry, game, fish
and vegetables from France.
FROM
THE HISTORY OF WORDS
Tomato
The tomato was
brought to Europe from Mexico in the 16th century. The Italian botanist
Mattioli called it pomo d'oro or golden apple, because of the colour the tomato
has during its ripening. So Italians call the fruit pomodoro(the plural is
pomodori), the French, English, Spanish and German continue to use the name the
Indians of Mexico gave it: tomato or tomate.
JOKES
Cake
Mother:Yesterday
I left two pieces of cake in the cupboad. Now there is only one piece left. Can
you explain it?
Pete:
well, I think, it was so dark that didn't notice the other.
Good
Manners
Nick invited his
new friend Tommy to dinner at his house. Tom's mother was very anxious about
her little son's table manners.
"Tommy,
don't eat off the knife. And if your food is too hot, don't blow on it. And
don't talk with you mouth full," she told him.
When
Tommy returned, he said: "I remembered what you told me, Mum, and I did
only one thing wrong."
What
did you do, Tommy?"
"Oh, when I
wanted to cut my meat, it fell off the plate on the floor.
"Oh, my dear,
what did you do then?"
"I said,
that's always the way with tough meat, and picked it up from the floor"
A
POEM TO MEMORIZE
There
Are Days When
Everything Goes Wrong
The bread was
stale
It was three days
old
The milk was sour
The coffee was
cold
The butter was
rancid
The steak was
tough,
The service was
dreadful
The waiter was
rough
My bill was huge
His tip was small
I'm sorry I went
to that place at all.
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS
TO
MEMORIZE
I. A tree is known
by its fruit.
2. Every cook
praises his own broth.
3. Too many cooks
spoil the broth.
4. To eat the calf
in the cow's belly
5. To cook a hare
before catching him
GIVE
IT A NAME
1. It is the first
meal of the day.
2. It is yellow
fat which is made from cream. You can spread it on bread.
3. An oval object
laid by female birds. has a hard shell and contains a baby bird.
4. it is a white
or brown powder made by grinding grains such as wheat.
5. It is a sweet
sticky liquid that is made by bees.
Урок 5
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
Fusion
Cooking
Fusion cooking
is cooking which combines one or more elements from different cooking
traditions. either techniques or ingrediens. It is also called cross-cultural
cooking, or cooking without barriers.Fusion ingredients usually come from Asia,
Central America or South America.
Food
is changing. Nowadays more favour. people want food that has more favour .
There are other reasons for the spreading of fusion cooking.They are the
communication revolution(a chef can fax a recipe in seconds) as well as the
improved quality and speed of overseas food transportation.
A POEM TO ENJOY
Company's
Coming
Company's coming,
what shall I serve?
An entrée, dessert
and perhaps an hors d'oeuvre.
will it be
perfect? How will it taste?
If nobody eats, it
will all go to waste.
I always get
scared when I cook for a guest.
It's almost as bad
as taking a test.
Can I be sure it
will all work out fine?
Will they all say
that my cooking's divine?
First of all I
will make up a list.
So that nothing's
forgotten and nothing is missed.
I'll plan the
whole menu and do things ahead.
I'll make it look
easy, not something to dread.
LIMERICKS
There was an old
Man of Berlin
Whose
form was uncommonly thin.
Till he once by
mistake
Was
mixed up in a cake.
So they baked that
old Man of Berlin.
There was an old
Man of Columbia
Who was thirsty
and called out for some beer
But they brought
it quite hot
In a small copper
pot
Which
disgusted that Man of Columbia
There was an old
Man of the East
Who
gave all his children a feast.
But they all ate
so much
And their conduct
was such
That it killed
that old Man of the East
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS TO
MEMORIZE
1. He would eat
the nut must first crack the shell.
2. Neither fish
nor flesh.
3.To fall off the
frying pan into the fire
4. You cannot eat
your cake and have it.
5. A watched pot
never boils.
GIVE
IT A NAME
I. It is meat from
a pig. The meat is salted and sometimes smoked.
2.The thick part
of the milk that you can whip to put on cakes.
3. It is meat from
a pig.
4.
It is a kind of food which is used to sweeten other food and drinks.
5. It is sliced
bread made brown and crisp by heating.
6. It is a finely
cut meat mixture put into a skin.
7. It is a floury
mixture that can be cooked to make pastry or bread.
Урок 6
Miscellanea
USEFUL
ADVICE
Removing
Inedible Items from Your Mouth
1. Olive pits:
drop delicately into your palm before putting them onto your plate.
2. Chicken
bone: use your fork to return it to the plate.
3. Fish bones:
remove with your fingers.
4. Bigger
pieces: bigger bones or food you do not appreciate you should
surreptitiously spit into your serviette(napkin),
so that you can keep it out of sight.
Foods
You Can Get by Hand
1. Bread:
break slices of bread, rolls and muffins
in half or into small pieces by hand before buttering.
2. Bacon:
if there's fat on it, with a knife and fork:
if it is crisp, crumble it with a fork and eat with your fingers.
3. Finger
meals: follow the cue of your host: if finger meals are offered on a
platter, place them on your plate before putting them into your mouth.
4. Foods meant
to be eaten by hand: corn on the cob, spareribs, lobster, clams and oysters
on the half shell, chicken wings and bones(in informal situations), sandwiches,
certain fruits, olives, dry cakes and cookies.
JOKES
Diner:
waiter. I want chicken and the younger the better.
Waiter:
In that case, sir, order eggs.
He
Understood!
Two
Americans were travelling in Spain. One morning they entered a little
restaurant for lunch. They did not know Spanish, however, and the waiter did
not know English. So they tried to make him understand that they wanted some
milk and sandwiches.
At
first they pronounced the word"milk" many times. Then they spelled
it. But the waiter still could not understand.
At last one of
them took a piece of paper and began to draw a cow. He was just finishing his
drawing. when the waiter looked at it and ran out of the restaurant.
"You
see," said the traveller who had drawn the cow. what a pencil can do for a
man who has difficulties in a foreign country."
After
some time the waiter was back, but he brought no milk. He put down in front of
the two men two tickets for a bullfight!
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS To MEMORIZE
1. After dinner
sit/sleep a while, after supper walk a mile.
2. old friends and
old wines are best.
3. To be born with
a silver spoon in one's mouth.
4. Honey is sweet,
but the bee stings.
5. He who would
catch fish must not mind getting wet.
LIMERICKS
There was a young
man of Calcutta
who spoke with a
terrible stutter.
He said, "If
you please,
Will you pass me
the cheese
And the
b-b-b-b-b-butter
There was a young
lady of
Niger who smiled
as she rode a tiger.
They returned from
the ride
With the lady
inside,
And a smile on the
face of the tiger.
There was an old
man of Khartoum
Who
kept two black sheep in his room
"They remind
me," he said,
"Of two
friends who are dead,"
But he never would
tell us of whom.
GIVE
IT A NAME
1. It is a kind of
sweet that you chew but do not swallow.
2. It is a small
fruit with a thin dark red or yellow skin. It has a large stone it the middle.
3. when you do it,
you put something into a liquid and leave it there.
4. It is a food
made with flour and baked in an oven.
5. when people do
it, they cook food in a pan with hot fat or oil.
6. when you do it,
you mix a liquid inside a container with some- thing like a spoon.
Урок 7
Miscellanea
IT
IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
Savouring
the Flavour
French
children learn how to use their sense of taste in school. Part of their
curriculum involves the identifying and describing the tastes of saltiness,
bitterness, sweetness and sourness, followed by exercises in which food
textures are explored. Finally, children learn how to describe blends of
flavours and textures in specific foods.
Refined
Taste
The
French believe that, like a fine painting or a piece of classical music, the
artistry of a cook and the quality of a meal may be appreciated fully only when
the eater's sense of taste has been educated.
How
Do we Taste a Food?
As
human being, we have about 10,000 taste buds in our mouths. located in papillae
which are grouped according to receptivity to salty sour, sweet and bitter.
Inside each bud are some fifty taste cells relaying information to neurons
which report to the brain. We primarily taste sweet things at the tip of the
tongue, sour substances at the sides. Salty all over the surface ( but mainly
toward the front). and bitter at the back. But every taste is the result of a
combination of the four primary tastes!
We
can only taste a food when it begins to dissolves: it is through saliva that
the taste buds are stimulated.
People's
taste in food differs and change over time. Taste buds themselves only last
about a week, the body replaces them. As we get older,
however, they are not replaced as quickly, it takes more so intense flavour to
create the same sensation in the mouth.
JOKE
People's
Peculiarities
A man who
stuttered was asked why he did so.
"It's my
p-p-peculiarity," he answered"Everybody has some p-p
peculiarity."
"I don't have
any," said the questioner
"Don't you
stir your coffee with your right hand?"
"Yes, of
course."
"That's your
p-p-peculiarity. Most p-p-people use a s-s-spoon."
PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS TO
MEMORIZE
1. They must
hunger in winter, that will not work in summer.
2. To weep over an
onion.
3. Hunger finds no
fault with cookery.
4. A fool and his
money are soon parted
5. No sweet
without some sweat.
GIVE IT A NAME
1. It is a small
curved plate to put a cup on
2. It is a part of
a cooker. It is like a metal box with a door.
3. It is flesh
taken from an animal that has been killed for eating.
4. It is a room
that is used for cooking and washing up.
5. It is a brown
sweet or drink made from cocoa.
6. It is a liquid
food. It is made by boiling meat or vegetables.
7. It is an oven
with gas or electric rings on top.
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