Контроль
чтения в 6-А классе. «The history of sandwich»
Date /
Уровень
образования:
основное
общее образование
Целевая
аудитория:
Учащийся
Класс:
6 класс
Предмет:
Английский
язык
Цель
урока:
создать
условия для формирования и дальнейшего совершенствования аудитивных навыков
Тип
урока:
Урок
изучения и первичного закрепления новых знаний
Учеников в
классе:
15
Используемые
учебники и учебные пособия:
Карта страны,
учебник, аудиозапись.
Используемое
оборудование:
Kомпьютер,
интерактиная доска.
Используемые
ЦОР:
Интерактивная
доска, аудиозапись.
Краткое
описание:
Фрагмент
урока №1
Тема: “ Traditional food. The history of Sandwich‘’(фрагмент
урока: закрепление нового материала)
Оборудование: audio.
Цель: формирование
информационной компетентности 1 уровня (извлечение первичной и вторичной
информации) .
Описание
фрагмента: После повторного прослушивания учащиеся заполняют таблицу, используя
слова-подсказки. Правильность выполнения задания проверяется с помощью уже
заполненной схемы, спрятанной за «шторкой» Содержание ЦОРа выведено на ИД Вывод:
В результате выполнения задания учитель осуществляет контроль правильности
восприятия основного содержания прослушанного текста, умение работать с
информацией.
Appendix 1.
The modern concept of a
sandwich using slices of bread (as found within the Western World) can arguably
be traced to 18th century Europe. However, the use of some kind of bread or
bread-like substance to lie under (or under and over) some other food,
or used to scoop up and enclose or wrap some other type of food, long predates
the 18th century, and is found in numerous much older cultures worldwide.
The ancient Jewish sage Hillel the Elder is
said to have wrapped meat from the Paschal lamb and bitter herbs between
two pieces of old-fashioned soft matzah—flat, unleavened bread—during
Passover in
the manner of a modern sandwich wrap made
with flatbread.
Flat breads of only slightly
varying kinds have long been used to scoop or wrap small amounts of food en
route from platter to mouth throughout Western Asia and northern Africa. From
Morocco to Ethiopia to India, bread is baked in flat rounds, contrasting with
the European loaf tradition.
During the Middle Ages in
Europe, thick slabs of coarse and usually stale bread, called "trenchers",
were used as plates. After a meal, the food-soaked trencher was fed to a dog or
to beggars at the tables of the wealthy, and eaten by diners in more modest
circumstances. The immediate culinary precursor with a direct connection to the
English sandwich was to be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where
the naturalist John Ray observed[11] that
in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices
and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"—
explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch belegde broodje,
open-faced sandwich, was as yet unfamiliar in England.
Initially perceived as food
that men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began
appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. The
sandwich's popularity in Spain and England increased dramatically during the
19th century, when the rise of industrial society and the working classes made
fast, portable, and inexpensive meals essential.
It was at the same time that
the European-stye sandwich finally began to appear outside of Europe. In the
United States, the sandwich was first promoted as an elaborate meal at supper.
By the early 20th century, as bread became a staple of
the American diet, the sandwich became the same kind of popular, quick meal as
was already widespread in the Mediterranean.
Etymology
The first written usage of the
English word appeared in Edward Gibbon's
journal, in longhand, referring to "bits of cold meat" as a
"Sandwich". It was named after John
Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, an 18th-century English aristocrat. It
is said that he ordered his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces
of bread, and others began to order "the same as Sandwich!" It
is commonly said that Lord Sandwich was fond of this form of food because it
allowed him to continue playing cards, particularly cribbage, while eating, without using
a fork, and without getting his cards greasy from eating meat with his bare
hands.
The rumour in its familiar
form appeared in Pierre-Jean
Grosley's Londres (Neichatel, 1770), translated as A Tour to
London 1772.
Grosley's impressions had
been formed during a year in London in 1765. The sober alternative is provided
by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who
suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, and to politics and the arts, mean
the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk.
Before being known as
sandwiches, this food combination seems to simply have been known as
"bread and meat" or "bread and cheese".
Usage
In the United States, a court
in Boston, Massachusetts ruled that "sandwich" includes at least two
slices of bread. and "under this definition, this court finds that the
term 'sandwich' is not commonly understood to include burritos, tacos, and quesadillas,
which are typically made with a single tortilla and stuffed with a choice
filling of meat, rice, and beans." The issue stemmed from the question of
whether a restaurant that sold burritos could move into a shopping centre where
another restaurant had a no-compete clause in
its lease
prohibiting other "sandwich" shops.
In Spain, where the word
sandwich is borrowed from
the English language,[16] it
refers to a food item made with English sandwich bread. It
is otherwise known as a bocadillo.
In the United Kingdom and
Australia, the term "sandwich" is more narrowly defined than in the
US: it refers only to an item which uses sliced bread from a loaf. An item with
similar fillings, but using an entire bread roll cut horizontally in half, is
always referred to as a "roll". (In South Australia,
there is a regional variant of the "roll", superficially similar to a
club sandwich, where the bread roll is sliced three times (parallel cuts), and
filling is put in the first and third openings, but not the second. This makes
the resulting "double cut roll" easier to handle: the top half and
the bottom half are eaten separately.) Any hot item based on a bread roll is
referred to as a "burger", never as a "sandwich". However,
hot sliced (not ground) beef between two slices of toasted bread is referred to
as a "steak sandwich" - it is the sliced loaf bread that
distinguishes the steak sandwich from a "burger".
The verb to sandwich
has the meaning to position anything between two other things of a different
character, or to place different elements alternately, and the noun
sandwich has related meanings derived from this more general definition. For
example, an ice cream sandwich
consists of a layer of ice cream between two layers of cake or biscuit.
Similarly, Oreos and Custard Creams are
described as sandwich biscuits because they consist of a soft filling between
layers of biscuit.
The word "butty" (a
reference to the fact that butter is often used in British sandwiches) is
common in some northern parts of England as a slang synonym for
"sandwich", particularly to refer to certain kinds of sandwiches
including the chip butty, bacon butty, or sausage butty,
though some people make the distinction that a butty is made using a
single buttered slice, folded over rather than cut. "Sarnie" is a
similar colloquialism, as is the Australian English
colloquialism "sanger". Likewise, the words "sanger" and
"piece" are used for sandwich in Scottish
dialect; regarding the latter, an example of the use of "piece" is
"piece and ham", meaning
"piece of bread and ham.
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