The
history of animation
А It’s hard to imagine animated stories
before the invention of film, but in fact the origin of moving pictures is
thousands of years old. In Paleolithic cave paintings, animals were sometimes
drawn with extra legs, perhaps a way to suggest movement. Another early example
is a 5,000 year old vase found in Iran. In five frames, it shows a goat jumping
up to eat a leaf on a tree. Later, ancient Egyptian paintings used a similar
technique of telling action stories in multiple panels.
B Modern moving
images date back to 1650 with the introduction of the magic lantern invented in
Venice. Of course, it wasn’t really magic. It used every-day material like
candles, oil and a simple glass lens to create a lantern that projected slides
on a wall in a darkened room. Sometimes the slides represented moving action.
The Venetian engineer Giovanni Fontana is credited with being the inventor of
the magic lantern.
C During the 19th
century many artists and inventors experimented with different ways to put
pictures into motion. For example, the zoetrope consists of a cylinder with
drawings on the inside wall. When the zoetrope spins, and a person looks
through vertical cuts in the wall, it appears that the pictures on the inside
are in motion. The word “zoetrope” means “wheel of life.” A British
mathematician invented the modern zoetrope in 1833, influenced by a similar
device from China from 180 A.D.
D The first flip
book was patented in 1868, though children have played with something similar
ever since paper was invented. The book contains a series of action pictures
that gradually change page to page. When the viewer “flips” through the pages
quickly, the images appear to “move.” Today, flip books are mostly toys for
children, but in the 19th century they were designed especially for adults and
were sold in parks and theaters. The original Victorian flip books, now over
150 years old, are worth thousands of dollars.
E
Modern
animation became possible with photographic inventions by Thomas Edison and the
Lumiere brothers. An early technique was called stop-motion animation. The
first short film using this technique — called “The Humpty Dumpty Circus” — was
made in 1897. With this method, real objects are moved around and photographed,
and then the images are put together as continuous film. In the 1960s,
stop-motion animation was used to make a number of popular American TV shows.
Recently it has been used to make full-length movies like “The Fantastic Mr.
Fox” and “The Nightmare before Christmas”.
F A new era in
animation began in 1923 when Walt Disney opened a new studio in Los Angeles. A
short film featuring Mickey Mouse was Disney’s first big hit. “Snow White and
the Seven Dwarves”, the Disney studio’s first full-length film, was released in
1937. At the same time that Disney was developing his technique, Japanese
animators were developing their own unique style. Anime, as Japanese animation
is known, is very popular today all around the world.
G
In
the last few decades, Pixar Studios has revolutionized animation with the use
of CGI (computer generated imagery). With CGI, old-fashioned hand-drawing is
replaced with 3-dimensional digital modeling. The technique requires a great
deal of time and money, but the results can be wonderful. The first fully-computerized
full-length film was “Toy Story” (1995), which is on many people’s “Best Movies
Ever” list. CGI is often used in live-action films to create back-ground
scenery and even characters.
Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими
буквами.
Ответ
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Текст
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A
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B
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C
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D
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E
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F
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G
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Заголовок
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II.
Грамматика
и лексика
1.Восстановите
глагольные формы в парах предложений Direct Speech – Reported Speech. Ответы
занесите в таблицу
|
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
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.She
said: “I live in a big apartment.”
|
She
said that she 1) _________ in a big apartment.
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Maria:
“Where has Jim gone?”
|
Maria
wanted to know where Jim 2) ___________.
|
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Dan said: “I 3)
_________ my sister.”
|
Dan
said that he would help his sister.
|
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Tim
told his mother: “I am sleepy.”
|
Tim
told his mother that he 4) ___________ sleepy.
|
|
Mr.
Ford said: “I don’t like fish.”
|
Mr.
Ford said that he 5) _____ fish.
|
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I asked:«Sam,
6) ______you ever been to France?”
|
I
asked Sam if he had ever been to France.
|
|
He
asked: “Can we meet on Tuesday?”
|
He
asked if we 7) ___________ meet on Tuesday.
|
|
Mother
asked: “Will you invite Kevin to the party?”
|
Mother
wanted to know if we 8) _________ Kevin to the party.
|
2.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными
буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали
содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск
соответствует отдельному заданию 1 - 9
In Britain there are
12 national (1) ____________ newspapers
DAY
and
most people read one of (2) ____________ every
day.
THEY
Daily
newspapers are (3) ________________ on every
day
PUBLISH
of
the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are
(4)
___________ than daily newspapers. All the Sunday
LARGE
newspapers
are (5) ______________ . Most national
news-
NATION
papers
in Britain express a (6) ________________
opinion,
POLITICS
most
of them right-wing, and people (7) _____________
the
CHOICE
newspaper
that they read according to (8) ___________
own
THEY
political
(9) _____________ ..
BELIEVE
ОТВЕТЫ
И БАЛЛЫ
1.
|
1
|
2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
|
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G
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C
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A
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E
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B
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D
|
H
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Каждый
верный ответ – 1 балл. Всего – 7 баллов.
2.
|
1
|
2
|
3
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4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
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lived
|
had gone
|
will help
|
was
|
didn’t like
|
have
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could
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would invite
|
Каждый верный ответ – 1 балл.
Всего – 8 баллов.
3.
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
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daily
|
them
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published
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larger
|
national
|
political
|
choose
|
their
|
beliefs
|
Каждый верный ответ – 1 балл.
Всего – 9 баллов
ИТОГО:
24 балла
Перевод
баллов в оценку:
21 - 24 балла – “5”
16 - 20 баллов – “4”
12 - 15 баллов – “3”
менее
12 баллов – “2”
