3.2.
Типовые задания для оценки освоения учебной дисциплины
3.2.1.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа №1
Порядок
слов в предложении
1.
Составьте предложения из нижеследующих слов.
1.
sent-yesterday-the man- a telegram.
2.
to us- the words-new-the teacher-dictated.
3. milk-like-I.
4. to the theatre-
go-didn’t- we-yesterday.
5. the boy- a sweet-
was eating.
6. like – sing - we –
to – songs.
7. he – working – not –
is – the – factory – at.
8. English – you – did
– books – read?
9. I – French – do –
know – not.
10. bag, the, put, the
book, into.
11. sit, come, and, in, down.
12. they – these –
allowed – take – are- books – to.
13. am – to – I – read –
going.
14. did, her, when, you,
see?
15. an egg, the girl,
for breakfast, had.
16. a plate of cakes, on
the table, put, my mother.
17. in come, half an
hour, back.
18. in
the classroom, are, his assistant, Mr. Black, and.
19. three lectures,
today, have, the students.
20. begin, never, at 7
o’clock, in the morning, the lectures.
12
2.
Составьте вопросительные предложения, используя следующие слова.
1. they, are, where?
2. was, the teacher,
when, at school?
3. this, who, is, man?
4. at home, be, will,
you?
5. books, these, whose,
are?
6. read, books, you,
English, do?
7. yesterday, did, work,
he?
8. about, yesterday, you,
that, didn’t, speak?
9. no, copy-book, why, there,
name, is, on, this?
10. old, you, how, are?
11. there, any, are, on,
the blackboard, figures?
12. a
picture, there, over, the bookcase, is?
13. take, did, how long,
it, to do, you, your, homework?
14. year, she, second,
a, student, is?
15. lamp, is, good, her?
16. these, where, did,
cakes, you, nice, buy?
17. home, tomorrow,
evening, will, at, you, be?
18. my, who, sister’s,
found, pen?
19. to, yesterday, Annie,
you, speak, that, about, did?
20. this, is, without,
copy-book, whose, a, name?
13
3.2.2.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 2
Тема
«Семья»
На английский язык слово "семья"
переводится, как "family". Ниже представлен небольшой словарик,
который поможет в изучении названий членов семьи на английском, и поможет
произносить эти слова правильно.
Названия главных
членов семьи
father – отец
mother - мать
son - сын
daughter - дочь
brother - брат sister
- сестра
uncle - дядя
aunt - тетя
grandfather - дедушка
grandmother -
бабушка
Дальние
родственники
Эти слова
относятся к названием основных членов семьи, есть и другие слова, которые
относятся к более дальним родственникам и поэтому употребляются реже. Например,
такие слова, как следующие, можно отнести к основному составу семьи, и к
остальным родственникам:
nephew -
племянник niece
- племянница
Есть еще слова, которые относятся к теме
семьи и помогают объяснить на английском языке названия различных членов семьи:
children - дети;
parents - родители; twins - близнецы или двойня;
twin-brother -
брат-близнец; twin-sister - сестра-близнец; husband - муж;
wife - жена;
grandparents - дедушка и бабушка ( в англ.языке - это одно слово);
grandchild - внук,
внучка; grandchildren -
множественное - внуки;
grandson - внук;
granddaughter - внучка;
cousin - кузен,
кузина, двоюродный брат, двоюродная сестра; step-father - отчим;
step-mother - мачеха;
step-son - приемный сын;
step-daughter - падчерица;
father-in-law - свекор, тесть;
mother-in-law - свекровь,
теща;
son-in-law -зять, то
есть
муж
дочери;
daughter-in-law -
невестка, то есть жена сына; сноха; widow - вдова;
widower - вдовец.
14
Важно знать и
помнить особенности употребления слов, которые обозначают членов семьи. К
группе слов, которые зачастую употребляются с неопределенным артиклем,
относятся такие существительные, как mother, father, brother, sister,
grandmother, uncle, aunt. Такое употребление возможно для обозначения
родственных отношений.
Не
has got an uncle - У него
есть
дядя.
I have got a grandmother - У меня
есть
бабушка.
Слова
mother, father пишутся с заглавной буквы и употребляются без артикля, если они
относятся напрямую к родственникам того, кто говорит.
Например:
Father is not here
yet. - Отец (имеется ввиду - мой отец) еще не здесь.
Такие слова из
этой группы, как aunt, uncle, sister, cousin, brother, чаще всего употребляются
с предшествующим притяжательным местоимением или последующим именем
собственным.
Поэтому употребляют притяжательное местоимение, задавая вопрос о чьих-либо
родственниках.
Например: Is your aunt Daisy coming? - Твоя
тетя
Дейзи
идет?
Если
есть имя собственное во множественное число, которое обозначает всех членов
семьи - то его употребляют с определенным артиклем. the Forsytes (Форсайты,
семья Форсайтов); the Ivanovs (Ивановы, семья Ивановых).
Выражения, которые
относятся, к названиям членов семьи и к теме семьи:
to start a family
- завести детей; to raise a family - воспитывать,
растить детей.
family room -
общая комната в доме или квартире, скорее всего, гостиная;
Составьте
монологическое высказывание о своей семье с характеристикой членов семьи,
опираясь на данный текст.
My
family
I think, every person always dreams about the place
where he can speak about his problems, chat with close friends, where he can
feel happy and quiet. For me it is my family and my home. It is the best place
in the world and my dearest people live here.
My family is not large we are 4. I have a father, a mother and a brother. We
all live together in a new flat. My father is 45. He is a tall and well-built
man with short black hair and grey eyes. He is quiet and hardworking. Really,
he is a bread maker of the family. Dad is handy with many things. His hobby is
fixing everything at home. My mother is very lively. She is life and soul of
the family. She is a pleasant woman of forty with beautiful chestnut hair and
dark brown eyes. She is a lofty ideal for me.
My parents have been married for 20 years they have much in common, in everyday
life Dad is impractical and needs mother to look after him. Parents have
different views on music, books, and films. For example, my father likes horror
films. My father is a football fan and Mum doesn't like sports. But they try to
have the same opinion about the education and upbringing of their children.
15
My brother is only 11. He goes to school. He is funny
and curious. He is constantly asking many questions often silly ones. But this
only a moment - I can't imagine my life without our little monster. We all feel
happy when we are together.
In the evenings we often have little gatherings in the kitchen by the cup of
tea, chatting, laughing and discussing the events of the day. Those evening are
the best of all. But sometimes I have problems with my parents. They don't like
the clothes I wear and the music I listen to. It's not easy to be a teenager.
In summer I visit my Granny. I love her when I was a child she used to tell me
fairytales and stories of her life. My parents are hardworking. They combine
work with housekeeping. Mum manages our household very well. We all are in the
habit of helping her to run the house. Our relatives and friends like to
come to our place. My parents are very hospitable everybody feels at home in
their flat.
3.2.3.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 3
Тема
«Мой рабочий день»
Прослушайте
текст. Дайте краткое содержание текста и ответьте на вопросы.
My
Working Day
On weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 6.30 and my working day begins. I'm
not an early riser, that's why it's very difficult for me to get out of bed,
especially in winter. I switch on my tape-recorder and do my morning exercises.
Then I go to the bathroom, take a warm shower, clean my teeth and shave. After
that I go to my bedroom to get dressed.
Usually my mother makes breakfast for me. But when she is away on business or
just doesn't have to get up early, I make breakfast myself. While having
breakfast, I listen to the latest news on the radio.
I leave the house at 7.30 and go to the nearest underground station. Last year
I tried to enter Moscow University, but unfortunately I failed my entrance
examinations. So I thought I should work somewhere. It wasn't easy to find a
job, but I managed to get a position of a secretary in a small business
company.
They agreed to take me because I had studied typewriting, computing and
business organization at school. And besides, I passed my English school
leaving exam with an excellent mark.
It
takes me an hour and a half to get to work. But I don't want to waste my time
on the train. I've got a small cassette-player and I listen to different texts
and dialogues. Sometimes I read a book and retell it silently. If I come across
an interesting expression I try to memorize it. I also write some English words
on flashcards and learn them.
I usually arrive at work at ten minutes to nine though my working day begins at
9 sharp. There are always some fax messages to translate from English into
Russian. Sometimes my boss wants me to write a letter to our business partners
abroad. There are also a lot of phone calls which I have to answer.
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon we have lunch. We usually have lunch in a small
cafe just round the corner. At 2 o'clock we come back to work. And we work hard
till 5 o'clock. During the working day we also have several short coffee
breaks. But sometimes we have no time for them.
I come home at about 7 o'clock in the evening. My parents are usually at home,
waiting for me.
16
We
have dinner together. Then we sit in the living room, drink tea, and watch TV
or just talk. Occasionally I have to stay at work till 6 or even 7 o'clock in
the evening. When we have a lot of things to do we go to work on Saturdays. So
by the end of the week I get very tired. All I can do on Sundays is to sleep
till eleven o'clock, watch television, listen to music and read something in
English.
And still I always look forward to my next working day because I like my job. I
think I get a lot of useful experience.
Answer the questions:
1. When do you get up on
your weekdays? 6. Was it easy to find a job?
2. What do you usually do
in the morning? 7. What are you now?
3. Who makes breakfast in
your family? 8.Do you come home at 6 or at 7
o’clock?
4. At what time do you
leave the house? 9.When do you usually arrive at
work? 5. 5. Will you try to
enter Moscow University next year? 10. Do you like your job?
3.2.4.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2,3,4 (текущий контроль)
Переведите
текст. Ответьте на вопросы.
My
day off
On weekdays I usually
go to school, but on my days off I prefer to rest. There is a proverb (1): 'All
work and no play makes Jack a dull boy'. It means that every person needs a
rest after hard work on weekdays. At our leisure-time (2) we go in for sport,
read books, go to the library, the cinema, the theatre, parks, museums, the zoo
or the circus where we enjoy watching animals. Some pupils prefer to go to the
country to see their relatives and friends. In winter they like to go to the
skating rink or to the forest to skate and ski. In summer children may go to
the forest or to a river to sunbathe, play different games or swim. As for
me my day off is Sunday. I like my day very much. I needn't hurry anywhere and
I wake up later than usual. As soon as I get up I air the room and make my bed.
Then I do my morning exercises, wash my face and hands and brush my teeth.
After having breakfast I listen to lovely stereo music and relax. Then I meet
my friends and we discuss our plans together. We may go to the cinema or the
theatre, a museum or a park. Sometimes we attend art exhibitions (3), concerts
or shows. As a rule we try to spend most of the time outdoors. When the
weather is bad my friends come to my place. We listen to music or watch an
interesting TV programme. In the evening I spend two or three hours getting
ready for school. Then our family has supper. Sometimes we receive guests at
our place or go for a walk. I enjoy my days off greatly and I am looking
forward to (4) my next days off.
Vocabulary:
1. proverb — поговорка 2.
leisure-time — развлечения 3. art
exhibitions — чудодейственные выставки 4. to be
looking forward to – ждать с нетерпением
17
Questions:
1. What do you do at leisure?
2. What does your family usually do on Sunday?
3. Do you get up early on Sunday?
4. Where do you usually spend your weekends?
5. What is the best way of spending your
leisure time?
3.2.5.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 4
Тема
«Система времён глагола»
Вариант
1
В
каждом вопросе выберите правильный ответ:
1. By the time I come
they … .
a) will go; b) will
have gone; c) will be going
2. Dad … on Saturdays.
a) usually works; b)
is usually working; c) works
3. You … in Paris tomorrow evening.
a) arrive; b) are
arriving; c) will arrive
4. They … painting the
ceiling by two o’clock.
a) finished; b) have
finished; c) had finished
5. I …when you come back
tonight.
a) shall be sleeping;
b) shall sleep; c) shall have slept
6. At six o’clock I … for
Jenny at the station.
a) waited; b) was
waiting; c) have waited
7. The weather is nice
today, but … bad yesterday.
a) was; b) is; c)
has been
8. My parents … to the USA
many times.
a) were; b) have
being; c) have been
18
9. At the moment we …
over the desert.
a) fly; b) are
flying; c) shall fly
10. Where did you ___ for
your holiday in the end?
a) went; b) gone; c)
go; d) going
11. If we … this game we
shall take first place.
a) win; b) won; c) shall
win; d) have won.
12. “What … ? Why are you
so pale?” –the mother asked her daughter.
a) happened; b) was
happened; c) had happened d) has happened.
13. He … ill. He is not
going to the theatre tonight.
a) has fallen; b) has
felt; c) fell; d) felt.
14. It was cold
yesterday, … ?
a) was it; b) isn’t it;
c) is it; d) wasn’t it.
15. Your parents … a new
TV set 2 days ago, didn’t they?
a) have bought; b)
bought; c) buy; d) do buy.
Вариант
2
В
каждом вопросе выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. Listen!
Somebody
… a lovely song.
a) to sing; b)
sings; c) is singing
2. We … to the cinema.
a) are sometimes
going; b) sometimes go; c) sometimes went.
3. I wasn’t hungry
because I … breakfast.
a) had just had; b)
have just have; c) just had
4. … the post today?
a)
Has the post come; b) Did the post come; c) Has the post came
5. Julia … all the
housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk.
a) will finish; b)
will be finishing; c) will have finished
19
6. This time tomorrow
they … in the train on their way to Chicago.
a) will sit; b) will
be sitting; c) are sitting
7. I saw a nice kitten
when I … the basket.
a) have opened; b)
had opened; c) opened
8. He … fourteen next
year.
a) be; b) will
be; c) is
9. I saw a light in your
window as I … by.
a) was passing; b)
passed; c) have passed
10. Before you
telephoned, I ___ watching television.
a) was; b) will be;
c) am; d) have
11. Yesterday I received
a letter from my friend, from whom I … for a long time.
a) heard; b) haven’t
heard; c) hear; d) had not heard.
12. When we left home it
… .
a) rains; b) was raining;
c) had been raining; d) rain.
13. The villagers say
they … a lot of berries last year.
a) had gathered; b)
gather; c) have gathered; d) gathered
14. What shall we do if
the game … in a draw?
a) will end; b) had
ended; c) is ending; d) ends
15. He … a lot of letters
yesterday, didn’t he?
a) has written; b) have
written; c) wrote; d) do write
3.2.6.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 5
«Командировка.
Покупка билета. Заказ места в гостинице»
Dialogue: Booking Tickets
in Advance
George:
It is often difficult or impossible to get tickets on the day of the train’s
departure. That’s why I would like to book my ticket in advance. I would like a
first-class ticket for a day train to Glasgow for next Sunday, please.
20
Booking-clerk:
There is a slow train to Glasgow at 04.45
a.m. This train arrives in Glasgow at 21.05. And there is a fast train to Glasgow
at 07.10 a.m. This express arrives in Glasgow at 16.10.
George:
I won’t take the 04.45 train. I can’t get up so early in the morning on Sunday.
And on Monday I have to work. I’m going to Glasgow on business.
Booking-clerk:
Then take the fast train at. 07.10 a.m.
George:
Could you give me a lower berth, please.
Booking-clerk:
Let me see. Unfortunately I can give you only an upper berth on this
train.
George:
I take an upper berth because I must arrive in Glasgow on Sunday. How much is
it?
Booking-clerk:
Return or single ticket?
George:
Return, please.
Booking-clerk:
Forty pounds.
George:
Here you are.
Booking-clerk:
Thank you. And here are your tickets. Carriage 10, compartment 3. Have a nice trip!
George:
Thanks a lot!
Выполните задания:
1.
Write the conversation in the correct order (Запишите разговор в правильном порядке):
A: We’ll
take a room on the second floor. How much is it?
A: We’ll
take a room on the second floor. How much is it?
B: Okay.
It suits us. We’ll take this room.
A: Seventy
dollars a night, sir.
B:
Yes, we’ll be able to put you up. Which floor would you like, sir?
A: Have
you got any vacant rooms?
B: One
double-room, please.
A: Single
or double, sir?
2. Find
the synonyms for (Подберите синонимы):
1. luggage a.
trip
2. return
ticket b.
baggage
3. journey c.
a buffet car
4. cloakroom d.
schedule
5. a
dining
car e.
round-trip ticket
6. booking-office f.
left-luggage office
7. timetable g.
ticket office
8. fellow-passenger h.
travelling companion
3. Match
the words and phrases in column A with those in column B (Соотнесите слова в колонке A со словами в колонке B):
1. room service a.
остановиться в отеле
2. travel
agency b. прибытие
3. book
tickets c. место у окна
4. arrival d. бюро путешествий
5. departure e. отправляться
по расписанию
6. leave
on
time f. купить билеты
7. stay
at the
hotel g. справочное бюро
21
8. window seat h. бюро обслуживания
9. passport i. отправление
10. information
office
j. паспорт
4. Translate
the words and phrases given in brackets (Переведите слова и фразы, данные в скобках):
1.I
hate flying and always prefer to travel (на поезде). 2. Would
you like (носильщика) for your luggage, miss? 3. Unfortunately
there was no (кафе-ресторана) on the train and we had to take
a lot of food with us. 4. Modern planes have very comfortable (сиденья) in
all cabins. 5. There are always bustle and confusion (на станции).
6. Before boarding the plane (пассажир) must register at the
airport. 7. You (приземлитесь) in London at ten-fifteen p.m.
8. If you’ve got something to declare you come through (красный
коридор).
3.2.7.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
В
аэропорту
Прочитайте
и переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы и подготовьте краткий пересказ
прочитанного текста
At
the airport (В аэропорту)
When preparing to fly, passengers are requested to arrive at
the airport 2 hours before departure time. They must register their tickets,
get a seat assignment, and weigh and check their luggage.
Most airlines have at least 2
classes of travel, first class and economy class. Economy class tickets
are much less expensive. Each passenger more than 2 years old gets a free
luggage allowance.
Generally this
weight limit is 20 kg of checked baggage for economy class passengers and 30
kg for first class passengers. If you check excess luggage you’ll have
to pay a fee calculated by the number of extra pieces and the extra weight.
Every passenger is also allowed one small carry-on bag, for instance a laptop
computer or small suitcase. The rules for passengers who are traveling
abroad are similar in most countries but there are, sometimes, slight
differences.
Here are some things to remember: if, for
instance, you need to go through Customs, try to fill in the customs
declaration before you talk to the customs officer. He will ask every passenger
the same, routine questions about whether he is carrying anything he wants to
declare: like tobacco, alcohol, presents, and sums of money. At the check-in
counter, your ticket is looked at, your things are weighed and labeled with
their destination.
The next formality is filling in the
immigration form and going through passport control. Remember to have a black
or blue pen with you because the immigration form has to be filled in block
letters. You write your name, nationality, permanent address and the purpose of
your trip. In most countries there is also a security check when your
carry-on-luggage is inspected.
This is an anti-terrorism measure, and
anything in your luggage that might be dangerous or disturbing to other
passengers must be handed over to one of the crew and will only be returned to
the owner after the plane has reached its destination. After fulfilling all
these formalities you goto the departure lounge where you can have a snack,
read a paper or buy something in the duty-free shop and wait for the
announcement to board the plane.
22
When you arrive at your destination, some of
these same formalities will undoubtedly be repeated. Often while on board
the plane you will be given a customs declaration and immigration form to fill
in. At the airport you may be met by a specially trained dog whose job it
is to make sure that no passengers are carrying any illegal drugs. In
addition, the immigration officer might want to inspect your visa, your
invitation and even your return ticket.
There is one inconvenience you have to be
prepared for when you’re traveling long distances by plane. It's a difference
between the time you are accustomed to and the time of the place you’re
traveling to, especially if it’s far from home. At first you won't feel very
well because of that difference in time, - that’s called “jet lag” - but don't
worry about it, shortly you’ll be as good as new!
Questions
1.
When are passengers requested to
arrive at the airport?
2. What must they do?
3. Are the rules for passengers who are traveling
abroad similar in most countries?
4. Most airlines have at least 2 classes of
travel, first class and economy class, haven’t they?
5. Are economy class tickets expensive or cheap?
6. What formalities must the passenger do at the
airport?
Vocabulary
formality- формальная сторона
excess luggage - багаж выше нормы
Air sickness bag - мешок при воздушной болезни Airoport - аэропорт
Airplane – самолет
Aisle - проход
Aisle seat - место возле прохода
Armrest - подлокотник
Arrival and departure monitor - табло (монитор) вылетов и прилетов
Baggage carousel - багажный транспортер Baggage claim check - багажный талон
Baggage claim area - зонa получения багажа
Cabin - полка в самолете
Boarding pass - посадочный талон Cargo door - грузовой люк
Call button - кнопкa вызова
Check-in counter - стойка
Carry-on bag - ручная кладь
Cockpit - кабина летчика
Co-pilot - второй пилот
Concession stand/snack bar – закусочная
Control tower - диспетчерская вышка
Customs – таможня
Customs declaration - таможенная декларация
Duty-free shop - магазин беспошлинной торговли Emergency exit - аварийный выход
Emergency instruction card - инструкция по поведению в чрезвычайных ситуациях
Fasten Seat Belt sign - сигнал «Пристегните ремни» First-class section - первый класс
Flight attendant – бортпроводник
Flight engineer - бортинженер
Fuselage – фюзеляж
Galley - камбуз
Garment bag - мешок для одежды
Gate - вход /выход
Gift shop - сувенирный магазин
Landing gear – шасси
Immigration officer - cотрудник иммиграционной службы
Instrument panel - панель контрольноизмерительных приборов
Lavatory – туалет Life vest - спасательный жилет
23
Luggage carrier – тележка
Metal detector - металлоискатель
Middle seat - среднее сидение
No Smoking sign - сигнал «Не курить»
Overhead compartment - багажная полка
Oxygen mask - кислородная маска
Passport – паспорт X-ray machine - Рентгеновский аппарат для осмотра багажаPilot/captain – пилот
Runway - взлетнопосадочная полоса
Seat belt - ремень безопасности Seat pocket - карман кресла
Security checkpoint - контрольнопропускной пункт
Security guard - охранник
Tail – хвост
Terminal – терминал Ticket – билет
Ticket agent - кассир билетной кассы
Ticket counter – касса
Tray - поднос
Visa – виза
Waiting area - зонa ожидания
Window seat - место возле окна Wing - крыло
3.2.8.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 6
Тема
« Гостиница»
Переведите
текст и составьте вопросы к тексту.
Hotels
It’s a well known fact that hotels nowadays play
a big role. Every year more and more new hotels are opened. Sometimes
it is even difficult to decide which to choose while traveling. There are
luxury hotels, which seem to be expensive, b & b hotels, where you will get
only breakfasts and a place to sleep, youth hostels, where you meant to serve
everything yourself and many other places to stay in. For example an apartment,
a tent, a caravan and 3, 4 or 5 star hotel.
Some people enjoy staying in a hotel while others prefer other places to
stay in. Sure, on the one hand there are a lot of advantages in it.
To begin with, it’s convenient. You have a chance to make a telephone call
and reserve any room you want in a good time, to be confident by your arrival.
Besides, you don`t need to serve yourself, everything will be done by the hotel
staff, I find it wonderful. More than that, I do like that in the hotel you can
be offered some interesting excursions and you can be sure that they are safe because
the hotel is responsible for every offer. But
on the other hand there are still some disadvantages in staying in a hotel.
First of all, the service can be poor and slowly, for this reason you can
be late for a business conferation or a friend’s party, I find it extremely
disappointing. Second, the food can be too salty, overcooked and etc...spoiled.
It can be a serious problem for people with weak stomach. Third, the view from
the window can be not so romantic as the advertisement said but more modest, it
can also disappoint some people, who care about the beauty around them.
Personally I’m for staying in a hotel in spite of all disadvantages. It’s
only a freak of chance, everything can happen. So before booking a hotel, you’d
better learn some facts about it in the net or from your friends for sure. Last
summers I stayed in a hotel in Turkey, everything was up to date,
24
wonderful service, tasty food and friendly staff. I
would be happy to visit "Saray hotel" ne more time. By the way, Saray
in Turkish means a palace and it really looks so. I have only positive
impressions about that place and hotel.
If I’m not mistaken there are 4 big hotels in Petrozavodsk. They are
"Masks", "Karelia", "Severnaya" and one more near
the embankment, unfortunately I don’t know it’s name yet. In my opinion our
town provides good hotels for foreigners and native people. You can stay there
from one night only to even a month or more, if you can afford it sure.
In general I am only for staying in a hotel, this will save your money,
time and will be convenient.
Сопоставьте
английские предложения с русским переводом:
Вариант
1
|
1 Комнату, с
видом на море
|
a) I have made a
reservation.
|
|
2.Я бы хотел
одноместный номер.
|
b) Reservations have been
made for me and my family.
|
|
3.
Есть что- нибудь подещевле?
|
c) The reservation has
been confirmed in Paris.
|
|
4.Не могли бы Вы
показать мне комнату получше.
|
d) Do you have any
vacancies?
|
|
5. Я бы хотел
номер с двумя кроватями
|
e) I would like a room.
|
|
6. Места были
зарезервированы для меня
|
f) I’d like a single
room.
|
|
7. Мне
нужна комната
|
g) I would like a room
with two beds.
|
|
8. Заказ был
подтвержден в Париже
|
h) Is there anything
cheaper?
|
|
9. У вас есть
свободные места?
|
i) Would you please
show me a better room?
|
|
10.
Я делал заказ.
|
j) A room facing the
sea
|
Вариант
№2
|
1.
Где мне
расписаться ?
|
a) How much is the
service charge and tax?
|
|
2. Вам
нужен мой
паспорт?
|
b) Is the service
charge included?
|
|
3. Я сниму этот
номер на неделю
|
c) How much for a room
including breakfast?
|
|
4. Я
пробуду два дня
|
d What is the rate?
|
|
5.Можете
порекомендовать мне другую гостиницу
|
e) Where do I sign?
25
|
|
6. Когда я
должен освободить номер?
|
f) When is check-out
time?
|
|
7.
Надбавка за
обслуживание учтена?
|
g) Do you need my
passport?
|
|
8. Сколько стоит
номер, включая завтрак?
|
h) Can you recommend
another hotel?
|
|
9. Сколько это
стоит в день?
|
i) I’ll take this room
for a week (month).
|
|
10. Какова плата
за обслуживание и налог?
|
j) I’ ll stay two
nights.
|
3.2.9.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 7
Тема
«Ресторан»
Прочитайте
и переведите текст. Ответьте на
вопросы.
Restaurants
in London
The British have taken good ideas from all over the
world. You can eat Chinese, Indian, Italian and Greek food in any big city.
There is a fantastic variety of restaurants. The restaurants' best customers
are business people, who meet in them to talk business in a relaxed atmosphere
away from the telephone. They can eat what they like because the company pays
the bill.
When a man and woman want to get to know each other better, they often go out
to a restaurant together. After all it's easier to talk in a quiet atmosphere
with soft music, wine and good food. Most British families only go to
restaurants on special occasions, like birthdays or wedding anniversaries.
For visitors to London, eating out can be fun. But if you want that special feeling
of London, go to the Ritz in Piccadilly for tea any afternoon at about half
past four. And you'll see that the prices are very high.
Then you can try England's favourite food-fish and chips. Take it away and eat
where you like — in the park, on the bus or while you walk down the street.
British restaurants have not always been famous for their good food. Too
often, they offered only fried food and chips with everything. But now healthy
food is in fashion.
Ответьте
на вопросы.
1.
What food
can you eat in any big city of Britain?
2.
When do most British families go to restaurants?
3.
Is there a fantastic variety of restaurants?
4.
Who are the restaurants' best customers?
5.
Where can you see the prices are very high?
6.
Are fish and chips England's favourite food?
26
Подготовьте
сообщение на тему «Еда в Англии и в США», опираясь на следующие тексты.
Meals
in Britain
Since the 1970's eating habits in Britain have undergone a change. People have
been encouraged by doctors, health experts and government advertisements to eat
less fat and more fibre. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of
obesity and heart disease. Forty per cent of adults in Britain
are overweight and Britain has one of the highest death rates due to
cardiovascular disease in the world. Britons have also become more aware of
calories, the energy value of food. Some people count the number of calories
they eat every day, so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose
weight. Food manufactures have started to help the general public to make more
informed choices about what they eat.
So the traditional British breakfast is bacon, eggs or sausages, preceded by
fruit and followed by toasts. Britons may eat this breakfast at weekends or on
special occasions but prefer a smaller and healthier meal to start a day. Lunch
is a light meal and is eaten at school or work. Lunch takes 40 minutes. Dinner
is usually the main meal of the day and consists of two courses.
In recent years, foreign foods have become a regular part of the British diet.
Indian and Chinese dishes are particularly popular for evening meals.
Take-aways became extremely popular in the 1980's. The traditional British
take-away is fish and chips eaten with salt and vinegar and served in an old
newspaper. The British are famous r their love of sweet things and afternoon
tea with sandwiches; scones, jam and several kinds of cake, was once a
traditional custom. Most working people don't have tea as an afternoon
"meal", but they do have a short break in the middle of the afternoon
for a cup of tea. Tea is often also drink with lunch and dinner.
Traditionally English people have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and
dinner. Breakfast is served in the morning. It used to be a large meal with
cereal, eggs and bacon, sausages, tomatoes. But such a large breakfast takes a
long time to prepare and is not very healthy. Nowadays, Britain's
most popular breakfast consists of cereal, toast with marmalade, juice and
yogurt with a cup of tea or coffee.
Lunch is a light meal. Most people have no time to go back home for lunch so
they eat at school, cafes, pubs or restaurants.
The main meal is dinner, which is usually between 6 and 7 p.m. A typical
evening meal is a meat dish with vegetables and dessert.
The most important meal of the week is the Sunday dinner, which is usually
eaten at 1 p.m. The traditional Sunday dish used to be roast beef, but nowadays
pork, chicken or lamb are more common.
On
Sunday evenings people have supper or high tea. The famous British afternoon
tea is becoming rare, except at weekends.
Questions:
1. Eating habits in Britain have undergone a change,
haven't they? 2. Why do some of people count the number of calories they eat?
3. What is the traditional British breakfast? 4. What do the British have for
the main meal of the day? 5. What are Britons famous for? 6. How many meals
a day do English people have? 7. What did they use to eat for
breakfast? 8. What do they usually eat nowadays? 9. Is lunch a
large meal? 10. Where do English people eat lunch? 11. What
dishes are served for dinner? 12. What is the most important meal of
the week? 13. Is British afternoon tea still popular?
27
Vocabulary:
fat - жир
fibre
- грубая пища obesity
– ожирение vinegar
- уксус
cardiovascular disease
- сердечно-сосудистое заболевание cereal
— овсянка, кукурузные хлопья
to be aware of
- быть осведомленным
to consist
— состоять
lamb
— баранина
scone – лепешка meal
— еда
to prepare
— готовить light
— легкий
What is “American”
food?
The
answer is that it is part Italian, part British, part German, part Mexican,
part Chinese… When people from other countries came to live in the US,
they brought different cooking traditions. Some of them opened restaurants.
Today Americans enjoy food from all over the world.
Over
the years some foreign dishes changed a little. Doughnuts were originally from Holland.
In 1847 a young American boy told his mother that her doughnuts were never
cooked in the middle. He cut out the centre and his mother cooked them — and
they were very tasty!
Maybe
the US is most famous for “fast foods”. The first fast food restaurants served
hamburgers, but now they serve other kinds of food too. Inside there is often a
“salad bar”, where you can help yourself to as much salad as you want.
Americans
eat a lot, and when they go to a restaurant, they don’t expect to be hungry
afterwards. Most restaurants will put a lot of food on your plate — sometimes
it can be too much. But if you can’t finish it all, don’t worry: they will give
you a “doggy bag” and you can take it home.
Most
Americans now have a light breakfast instead of the traditional eggs, bacon,
toast, orange juice and coffee. But on weekends there is more time, and a large
late breakfast or early lunch is often eaten with family or friends
3.2.10.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 8
Тема
«Телефонный разговор»
A)
Переведите диалог с русского на английский язык,
B)
Составьте собственный диалог на тему:” Разговор по телефону”
Dialogue: A Call
Barbara: Hello!
Sarah: Hello!
Barbara: Could I speak
to James?
Sarah: Who is calling,
please?
Barbara: It’s Barbara
from Berlin.
Sarah: Thank you, I shall
put you through.
28
Barbara: Good afternoon.
Could I speak to James, please?
Secretary: I’m sorry,
James is on the other line. Would you wait, please?
Barbara: Sure.
Secretary: I’m putting
James on the line. Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
Barbara: Thank you very
much. Oh, telephone communication was knocked out. I try to dial again.
Somebody: Hello!
Barbara: Hello! I would
like to speak to James.
Somebody: I’m afraid you
have dialed the wrong number. There is no James here. What number are you
calling?
Barbara: I was calling
777-888-999.
Somebody: This is
377-888-999. And there is nobody by name James here.
Barbara: I’m very sorry
to bother you. I really have dialed a wrong number.
Somebody: It’s all right.
Barbara: 777-888-999.
Hello.
James: James speaking.
Barbara: Hello, James,
this is Barbara. I’m calling to invite you to a party next week. I and my
sister Jane are going to make barbeque in the country. Jane hasn’t seen you
since the last year. I think the party will be a good reason to get together
again.
James: Sure! I’m looking
forward to meeting you both. And what about Jane, could you give her
my best regards, please?
Barbara: Of course I
could. See you next week!
James: Goodbye!
3.2.11.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 2, 3, 4, умений 1, 2, 3 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 9
Тема
«Металлы»
Подготовьте
сообщение по теме «Металлы», опираясь на текст.
29
Metals
Metals
are materials most widely used in industry because of their properties. The
study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy.
The separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most
metals are dense. The atoms are arranged regularly and can slide over each
other. That is why metals are malleable (can be deformed and bent without
fracture) and ductile (can be drawn into wire). Metals vary greatly in their
properties. For example, lead is soft and can be bent by hand, while iron can
only be worked by hammering at red heat. The
regular arrangement of atoms in metals gives them a crystalline structure.
Irregular crystals are called grains. The properties of the metals depend on
the size, shape, orientation, and composition of these grains. In general, a
metal with small grains will be harder and stronger than one with coarse
grains.
Heat
treatment such as quenching, tempering, or annealing controls the nature of the
grains and their size in the metal. Small amounts of other metals (less than 1
per cent) are often added to a pure metal. This is called alloying (легирование)
and it changes the grain structure and properties of metals.
All metals can be formed by drawing, rolling, hammering and
extrusion, but some require hot-working. Metals are subject to metal fatigue
and to creep (the slow increase in length under stress) causing deformation and
failure. Both effects are taken into account by engineers when designing, for
example, airplanes, gas-turbines, and pressure vessels for high-temperature
chemical processes. Metals can be worked using machine-tools such as lathe,
milling machine, shaper and grinder. The ways of
working a metal depend on its properties. Many metals can be melted and cast in
moulds, but special conditions are required for metals that react with air.
Vocabulary:
property — свойство
metallurgy
— металлургия
separation — разделение,
отстояние
dense
— плотный
arrangement — расположение regularly
— регулярно, правильно
to slide — скользить
malleable — ковкий, податливый, способный
деформироваться
bent pp
of bend — гнуть
to
fracture — ломать
ductile — эластичный, ковкий to
draw — волочить, тянуть
wire — проволока lead
— свинец
iron — железо, чугун grain
— зерно
to depend — зависеть size
— размер, величина
shape — форма, формировать
composition — состав
coarse — грубый, крупный treatment
— обработка
quenching — закалка tempering
— отпуск после закалки, нормализация
annealing — отжиг,
отпуск rolling
— прокатка
to hammer — ковать
(напр. молотом)
extrusion
— экструзия
metal fatigue — усталость металла creep —
ползучесть
stress — давление, failure
— повреждение, разрушение
vessel — сосуд, котел, судно lathe
— токарный станок
milling machine — фрезерный станок shaper —
строгальный станок
grinder — шлифовальный станок to melt — плавить,
плавиться расплавить
to cast — отливать, отлить mould
— форма (для
отливки)
30
General
understanding:
1.
What are metals and what do we call metallurgy?
2. Why are most metals dense? 3. Why
are metals malleable? 4. What is malleability?
5. What are grains? 6. What is
alloying? 7. What is crystalline structure? 8. What do the properties of metals depend on? 9. What changes the size of grains in metals? 10. What are the main processes of metal forming? 11. How are metals worked? 12. What is
creeping?
Выполните задания:
1.
Find the following words and word combinations in the text:
1.
Свойства металлов
11. прокатка
2.
расстояние между атомами
12. ковка
3.
правильное расположение
13. экструзия
4.
сильно отличаются по своим свойствам 14.
структура и свойства зерна
5.
кристаллическая структура 15.
горячая обработка
6.
размер зерен
16. усталость металла
7.
форма зерен
17. ползучесть металла
8.
закалка
18. плавка и отливка в формы
9.
отжиг 19.
способы обработки металлов
2.
Complete the following sentences:
1.
Metals are... 2. Metallurgy is...
3. Most metals are... 4. The
regular arrangement of atoms in metals... 5.
Irregular crystals... 6. The properties of the
metals depend... 7. Metals with small grains will
be... 8. ...controls the nature of the grains in
the metal. 9. Alloying is... 10. All metals can be formed by... 11. Creep
is...
12. Metals
can be
worked using...
3. Translate into English:
1.
Металлы — плотные материалы потому, что между атомами в металлах малое
расстояние.
2.
Металлы имеют кристаллическую структуру из-за правильного расположения атомов.
3.
Чем меньше зерна, тем тверже металл.
4.
Закалка и отжиг изменяют форму и размер зерен в металлах.
5.
Легирование изменяет структуру зерен и свойства металлов.
6.
Металл деформируется и разрушается из-за усталости и ползучести.
31
3.2.11.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 2, 3, 4, умений 1, 2, 3 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 10
Тема
«Металлы»
Прочитайте
и переведите текст. Выполните задания к тексту
Metals
in the Service of Man
Let us consider why
metals play such a great role in man’s activities. Wood and stone are both
older in use, yet to a considerable extent they have been replaced by metals.
In spite of the great progress of chemistry and increasing output of plastic
materials metals are still used for most of machines, structures and
instruments. If there were no metals, no railway, airplane, car, electric
motor, turbine or pipeline could operate. The reason for the increased use of
metals is to be found in their characteristic properties. The most important of
these properties is their strength or ability to support weight without bending
or breaking. Resistance to atmospheric destruction, plasticity and the ability
to be formed into desired shapes are remarkable as well. Some metals have also
special properties – two of which are the ability to conduct electric current
and the ability to be magnetized. Nowadays we know that over three quarters
of existing elements are metals. We know approximately over 80 metals and
several thousand alloys. Most metals are usually found in nature as minerals
or ores, where they exist in chemical combinations with other substances.
Metallic ores contain metals combined with oxygen, sulphur or other metals. Ores
are usually mined and passed to the metallurgist for refining and purification.
The ores are treated by fire or chemically by the process called smelting. Ores
have to pass through this very complicated process before pure metals are
obtained. But pure metals are comparatively seldom used because they are
rather expensive and their strength is generally insufficient for the purposes
of to-day. The most important way in which the strength of metals can be
increased is alloying. Alloys are the most important engineering materials.
Alloys are obtained by adding various metals or non-metals to the main metallic
element.
Выполните
задания:
1.
Определите часть речи следующих однокоренных слов. Переведите их на русский
язык.
to refine – refining –
refinery; to resist – resistant –
resistance;
to conduct –
conductivity; plastic –
plasticity;
to combine – combination;
to treat – treatment;
metal – metallic –
metallurgy – metallurgical – metallurgist; to destroy –
destruction –
to consider –
consideration – considerable – considerably;
to exist – existing –
existence; to compare – comparison – comparative –
comparatively;
pure – purity –
purification; 32
destructive.
2. Переведите
следующие словосочетания:
1. to replace metals with
plastics
to replace members of a
machine-tool
to replace metallurgical
equipment
2. in
spite of great progress
in spite of considerable
changes
in spite of great weight
3. to increase the output
of ores
to increase the
resistance of metals to the atmosphere
to increase electrical
conductivity
4. to mine iron ores
to mine coal
to mine mineral resources
5. to obtain pure metals
to obtain different
alloys
to obtain a high output
of metals
to obtain desired
properties of alloys
6. insufficient strength
of a pipe
insufficient weight of an
offshore platform
insufficient purity of
gold
insufficient quantity of
alloying elements
3. Переведите
на английский язык:
1. Процесс
называется … 2. Металлы получают … 3. Свойства металлов изучают … 4.
Пластмассы могут использоваться … 5. Металлы будут заменены … 6. Руды добывают
… 7. Руды обрабатывают … 8. Чистые металлы редко используют … 9. Производство
сплавов увеличилось … 10. Трубы изготавливают … 11. Прочность металлов может
быть повышена … 12. Металлы могут быть соединены с …
33
4.
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:
1.
Russian scientists are working on developing machines and units which improve
the quality of the output through refining cast iron and steel and through
powder metallurgy.
2.
Over the past few years the weight of freight trains has been considerably
increased.
3.
Nowadays metals are considered the main engineering materials which are used on
land, in outer space, in deep sea conditions.
4.
In
spite of the fact that titanium and its alloys are treated with some
difficulties, their application in such industries as aircraft building, space
industry and medicine is promising.
5.
The ores which are mined in increased qualities are the sources of metals, but
to a great extent metals are produced from scrap.
6.
The metal production from ores in Russia is to be reduced by 6.9 per cent.
7.
In
spite of the fact that Russia holds one of the first places in the world for
reserves of many minerals on land, new methods of extracting such elements as
uranium, lithium, silver, gold, cesium and germanium from sea water are being
developed.
5. Переведите
следующие предложения на английский язык, используя страдательный залог.
1.
Металлы и сплавы считаются самыми важными конструкционными материалами.
3.
Металлы получают из руд при помощи процесса, который называют плавкой.
4.
Несмотря на способность некоторых пластмасс выдерживать большой вес, они не
всегда могут заменить металлы.
5.
Нужно изучать свойства материалов, прежде чем проектировать различные
конструкции.
9.
Некоторые пластмассы по прочности можно сравнить с различными сортами стали.
6. Ответьте
на следующие вопросы, опираясь на текст“ Metals in the Service of Man ”.
1.
What are the oldest structural materials? 2. Why are metals widely used?
3.
What characteristic properties have made metals such important and useful
structural materials?
4.
In
what forms do metals exist in nature? 5. What method of obtaining metals
from ores is used?
6.
Why are pure metals comparatively seldom used in industry? 7. What are the
most important engineering materials? 8.
In what way can the strength of metals be increased? 9. What is an alloy?
10.
How are alloys obtained?
3.2.12.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 2, 3, 4, умений 1, 2, 3 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 11
Тема
«Виды сварки»
Переведите
текст.
Types of welding
Non-consumable Electrode Arc welding. As a non-consumable electrodes tungsten
or carbon electrodes can be used. In gas-tungsten arc welding a tungsten
electrode is used in place of the metal 34
electrode
used in shielded metal-arc welding. A chemically inert gas, such as argon,
helium , or carbon dioxide is used to shield the metal from oxidation. The heat
from the arc formed between the electrode and the metal melts the edges of the
metal. Metal for the weld may be added by placing a bare wire in the arc or the
point of the weld. This process can be used with nearly all metals and produces
a high-quality weld. However, the rate of welding is considerably slower than
in other processes.
Shielded
Metal Arc welding.
In shielded metal-arc welding, a metallic electrode, which conducts
electricity, is coated with flux and connected to a source of electric current.
The metal to be welded is connected to the other end of the same source of
current. An electric arc is formed by touching the tip of the electrode to the
metal and then drawing it away. The intense heat of the arc melts both parts to
be welded and the point of the metal electrode, which supplies filler metal for
the weld. This process is used mainly for welding steels.
Gas-Metal Arc welding. In gas-metal
welding, a bare electrode is shielded from the air by surrounding it with argon
or carbon dioxide gas and sometimes by coating the electrode with flux. The
electrode is fed into the electric arc, and melts off indroplets that enter the
liquid metal of the weld seam. Most metals can be joined by this process.
Submerged Arc welding. Submerged-arc
welding is similar to gas-metal arc welding, but in this process no gas is used
to shield the weld. Instead of that, the arc and tip of the wire are submerged
beneath a layer of granular, fusible material that covers the weld seam. This
process is also called eiectroslag welding. It is very efficient but can be
used only with steels.
Answer
the questions:
1.
What is the difference between the arc welding and non-consumable electrode arc
welding?
2. What
are the disadvantages of the non-consumable electrode arc welding?
3. How
is electrode protected from the air in gas-metal arc welding?
4. What
is submerged arc welding?
Translate
into English:
1. вольфрамовый
электрод; 2. инертный
газ; 3. окисление
4. высококачественный сварочный шов, 5. скорость
сварки 6. аргон,
гелий, углекислый газ; 7. жидкий металл; 8. слой
плавкого материала в виде гранул; 9. листовой металл; 10. полуавтоматические
сварочные станки
Translate
into Russian:
1. In resistance
welding, heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow of an
electric current. 2. The heat from the arc melts the edges of the metal. 3. A
bare electrode is shielded from the air by surrounding it with argon or carbon
dioxide gas. 4. Submerged-arc welding is similar to gas-metal arc
welding. 5. Electrodes are clamped on each side of the parts to be welded. 6. Resistance causes heat, which melts the metals and
creates the weld.
35
3.2.12.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 2, 3, 4, умений 1, 2, 3 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 12
Тема
«Виды сварки»
Прочитайте
и переведите текст. Выполните задания к тексту.
Welding is a process when metal parts are
joined together by the application of heat, pressure, or a combination of both.
The processes of welding can be divided into two main groups:
• pressure welding, when the weld is
achieved by pressure and
• heat welding, when the weld is achieved
by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today.
Nowadays welding is used instead of
bolting and riveting in the construction of many types of structures, including
bridges, buildings, and ships. It is also a basic process in the manufacture of
machinery and in the motor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in
all productions where metals are used.
The welding process depends greatly on the
properties of the metals, the purpose of their application and the available
equipment. Welding processes are classified according to the sources of heat
and pressure used.
The welding processes widely employed
today include gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. Other joining
processes are laser welding, and electron-beam welding.
Gas Welding. Gas welding is a
non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. The flame is applied directly
to the metal edges to be joined and simultaneously to a filler metal in the
form of wire or rod, called the welding rod, which is melted to the joint. Gas
welding has the advantage of using equipment that is portable and does not
require an electric power source. The surfaces to be welded and the welding rod
are coated with flux, a fusible material that shields the material from air,
which would result in a defective weld.
Arc Welding. Arc-welding is the most
important welding process for joining steels. It requires a continuous supply
of either direct or alternating electrical current. This current is used to
create an electric arc, which generates enough heat to melt metal and create a
weld. Arc welding has several advantages over other welding methods. Arc
welding is faster because the concentration of heat is high. Also, fluxes are
not necessary in certain methods of arc welding. The most widely used
arc-welding processes are shielded metal arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas-metal arc,
and submerged arc.
Shielded Metal Arc. In shielded
metal-arc welding, a metallic electrode, which conducts electricity, is coated
with flux and connected to a source of electric current. The metal to be welded
is connected to the other end of the same source of current. An electric arc is
formed by touching the tip of the electrode to the metal and then drawing it
away. The intense heat of the arc melts both parts to be welded and the point
of the metal electrode, which supplies filler metal for the weld. This process
is used mainly for welding steels.
Vocabulary:
to join — соединять
pressure
welding — сварка давлением
heat welding
— сварка нагреванием instead
— вместо, взамен
bolting — скрепление болтами riveting
— клепка
basic —
основной
to manufacture —
изготовлять
to depend — зависеть
от
purpose
— цель
available — имеющийся в наличии equipment —
оборудование
source — источник gas
welding — газосварка
36
arc welding — электродуговая сварка resistance welding
— контактная сварка
laser welding — лазерная сварка electron-beam welding —
электронно-лучевая сварка
flame — пламя edge
— край
simultaneously
— одновременно filler
— наполнитель
wire — проволока rod
— прут, стержень
to melt — плавить(ся) joint —
соединение, стык
advantage — преимущество to require
— требовать нуждаться
surface — поверхность coated —
покрытый
flux — флюс
fusible
— плавкий
to shield — заслонять, защищать touching — касание
tip — кончик
General understanding:
1. How can a process of welding be
defined? 2. What are the two main groups of processes
of welding? 3. How can we join metal parts together?
4. What
is welding used for nowadays?
5. Where is welding necessary?
6. What
do the welding processes of today include?
7. What are the principles of gas welding?
8. What
kinds of welding can be used for joining steels?
9. What does arc welding require? 10. What
is the difference between the arc welding and shielded-metal welding?
Exercise 1. Find the following words and
word combinations in the text:
1. сварка давлением 2.
тепловая сварка
3. болтовое (клепаное) соединение 4. процесс сварки
5. зависеть от свойств металлов 6. имеющееся
оборудование
7. сварочный электрод 8. плавкий
материал
9. дефектный сварной шов 10.
непрерывная подача электрического тока
11. электрическая дуга 12.
источник электрического тока
3.2.13.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 2, 3, 4, умений 1, 2, 3 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 13
Тема
«Подготовительный этап сварочного производства»
Подготовьте
сообщение по теме «Подготовительный этап
сварочного производства», опираясь на текст.
TYPES
OF CONNECTIONS AND PREPARATION
The type of connection and the edge preparation are to be appropriate to the
welding procedure adopted, the structural elements to be connected and the
stresses to which they are subjected.
In
general, butt connections of plating are to be full penetration, welded on both
sides except where
special
procedures or specific techniques are adopted. Connections different from
the above may be accepted by the Society on a caseby-case basis; in such cases,
the relevant detail and workmanship specifications are to be approved. In case
of welding plates with a difference in gross thickness equal to or greater than
3.00 or 4.00 mm, if the thinner plate has a gross thickness equal to or less
than 10 mm, a taper having a length of not less than 4 times the difference in
gross thickness is to be adopted for connections of plating perpendicular to
the direction of main stresses. For connections of plating parallel to the
direction of main stresses, the taper length
37
may
be reduced to 3 times the difference in gross thickness. When the difference in
thickness is less than the above values, it may be accommodated in the weld
transition between plates. The acceptable root gap is to be in accordance with
the adopted welding procedure and relevant bevel preparation. Butt welding on
permanent backing, i.e. butt welding assembly of two plates backed by the
flange or the face plate of a stiffener, may be accepted where back welding is
not feasible or in specific cases deemed acceptable by the Society. The type of
bevel and the gap between the members to be assembled are to be such as to
ensure a proper penetration of the weld on its backing and an adequate
connection to the stiffener as required.
When lengths of longitudinals of the shell plating within 0,6
L amidships, or elements in general, subject to high stresses, are to be
connected together by butt joints, these are to be full penetration. Other
solutions may be adopted if deemed acceptable by the Society on a case-by-case
basis. The work is to be done in accordance with an approved procedure; in
particular, this requirement applies to work done on board or in conditions of
difficult access to the welded connection.
In
general, ordinary fillet welding (without bevel) may be adopted for T
connections of the various simple and composite structural elements, where they
are subjected to low stresses (in general not exceeding 30 N/mm2) and adequate
precautions are taken to prevent the possibility of local laminations of the
element against which the T web is welded. Where this is not the case, partial
or full T penetration welding is to be adopted. This applies particularly to
members over than 12 mm thick constituting the whole or part of the engine seatings.
Fillet welding may be of the following types:continuous fillet welding, where
the weld is constituted by a continuous fillet on each side of the abutting
plate; intermittent fillet welding, which may be subdivided into chain
welding, scallop welding, staggered welding. Continuous fillet welding is to be
adopted for watertight connections, for connections of brackets, lugs and
scallops, at the ends of connections for a length of at least 75
mm, where intermittent welding is not allowed. Continuous fillet welding may
also be adopted in lieu of intermittent welding wherever deemed suitable, and
it is recommended where the spacing is low. In case of automatic or
semi-automatic deep penetration weld, the throat thickness may be reduced. It
may be required by the Society to be increased, depending on the results of
structural analyses. The leg length of fillet weld T connections is to be not
less than 1.4 times the required throat thickness.
The
throat thickness of the welds between the cut-outs in primary supporting member
webs for the passage of ordinary stiffeners is to be not less than the value
obtained, in mm, from the special formula. The throat thickness of fillet welds
connecting ordinary stiffeners and collar plates, if any, to the web of primary
supporting members is to be not less than 0,35 tW, where tW is the web gross
thickness, in mm. When fillet welding is carried out with automatic welding
procedures, the throat thickness may be reduced up to 15 %, depending on the
properties of the electrodes and consumables. However, this reduction may not
be greater than 1,5 mm. The same reduction applies also for semi-automatic
procedures where the welding is carried out in the downhand position.
VOCABULARY
plating
– листовая обшивка
workmanship – качество работы
to
approve – утверждать, разрешать gross thickness – общая толщина
taper – конус
weld transition – 145
переходный участок (шва)
root
gap – зазор между свариваемыми кромками backing –
подкладка
flange
– фланец, выступ stiffener
– ребро / элемент жесткости
feasible
– исполнимый longitudinal
– продольный брус
T-connection
– тавровое / Т-образное соединение lamination – слоистость, расслаивание
engine
seating – место установки двигателя scallop weld – зубчатый,
волнистый шов
abutting
plate – торцевая, стыкуемая плита staggered weld –
шахматный шов
38
chain welding – цепная
сварка bracket – скоба,
консоль
lug – зажим,
кронштейн scallop –
зубчатый край
throat thickness – толщина
шва web – перегородка, балка
leg
of (fillet) – катет (углового шва) downhand / downward position – нижнее
положение шва
Выполните
задания:
I.
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
1) конструктивные
детали; 2) выполняться с полным проплавлением; 3) при сварке листов обшивки; 4)
перегородки опорных элементов; 5) основные нагрузки; 6) длину скоса можно уменьшить
в 3 раза; 7) вышеуказанные величины; 8) разделка; 9) постоянная подкладка; 10)
лицевая плита ребра жесткости; 11) нецелесообразный; 12) обеспечить необходимое
проплавление; 13) продольные брусья обшивки; 14) тавровые соединения; 15)
обычное ребро жесткости.
II.
Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и выражения из текста:
1) edge preparation; 2)
butt connections; 3) workmanship specifications; 4) gross thickness; 5) to
accommodate ; 6) root gap; 7) butt welding assembly; 8) in conditions of
difficult access; 9) ordinary fillet welding; 10) local laminations; 11)
continuous fillet welding; 12) intermittent fillet welding; 13) chain welding;
14) scallop weld; 15) staggered weld.
3.2.14.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 14
Тема
«Организация сварочного производства»
Прочитайте
и переведите текст
Welding
& Machine Trades
Welding
is a skill used by many trades: sheet metal workers, ironworkers, diesel
mechanics,
boilermakers,
carpenters, marine construction, steamfitters, glaziers, repair and maintenance
personnel
in applications ranging from the home hobbyist to heavy fabrication of
bridges, ships and
many
other projects. A variety of welding processes are used to join units of metal.
As a welder, you may work for shipyards, manufacturers, contractors, federal,
state, county, and city governments, firms requiring maintenance mechanics, and
repair shops.
Welding, while very physically demanding, can be very rewarding for those who
enjoy working with their hands. Welders need good eyesight, manual dexterity
and hand-eye coordination. They should also be able to concentrate for long
periods of time on very detailed work, as well as be in good enough physical
shape to bend and stoop, often holding awkward
positions
for long periods of time. Welders work in a variety of environments, both
indoors and out, using heat to melt and fuse separate pieces of metal together.
Training and skill levels can vary, with a
39
few
weeks of school or on-the-job training for the lowest level job and several
years of
school
and experience for the more skilled welding positions.
Skilled welders often select and set up the welding equipment, execute the
weld, and then
training
perform more routine tasks, such as the welds on jobs that have already been
laid
out, and are not able to work with as many different materials.
While the need for welders as a whole should continue to grow about as fast as
average,
according
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for low-skilled welders should
decrease dramatically, as many companies move towards automation. However, this
will be partially balanced out by the fact that the demand for machine setters,
operators and tenders should
increase.
And more skilled welders on construction projects and equipment repair should
not be affected, as most of these jobs cannot be easily automated. Because of
the increased need for highly skilled welders, those with formal training will
have a much better chance of getting the position
they
desire. For those considering to prepare themselves to a meaningful
welding-career, there are many options available.
There are also different professional specialties and levels, that should be
understood to make an informed choice. Some of these are: welder,welding
machine operator, welding technician, welding schedule developer, welding
procedure writer, testing laboratory technician, welding non
destructive
testing inspector, welding supervisor, welding instructor, welding engineer.
Vocabulary
weld
сварной шов, сварка, сваривать(ся)
repair
and maintenance ремонт оборудования и уход за ним
sheet
metal work 1) обработка листового металла 2) изделие из листового
металла
3) работы по жести
ironworker
металлург glazier
стекольщик
tender
1) лицо, присматривающее за кем-л., обслуживающее кого-л., что-л.
2) механик, оператор
supervisor
контролер contractor
подрядчик, контрактор
repair
shop ремонтная мастерская machine setting наладка
[настройка] станка
nondestructive
testing 1) неразрушающие испытания; 2) неразрушающий контроль
1.
Find Russian equivalents for the words and phrases in italics. Write them out
into your dictionary
2.
Answer the following questions on the text.
1.
What are the trades where welding skills are used?
2.
Where can welders work?
3.
What personal characteristics should welders have?
4.
How does the environment in which welders work vary?
5.
What does it take to be s low-skilled/skilled welder?
6.
What are welders able to do in terms of complexity of tasks and variety of
materials?
7.
What are the job opportunities for low-skilled/skilled welders for the nearest
future as specified by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics?
8.
What are the advantages of having formal training for making a welding career?
9.
As you see, welding includes various professional specialties and levels. What
is yours?
40
3.
Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1.
Сфера применения сварки охватывает большое количество областей промышленности.
2.
Профессия сварщика требует физической выносливости из-за частой необходимости
работы
в нестационарных условиях.
3.
Для того чтобы стать квалифицированным сварщиком, необходима длительная
теоретическая подготовка и практический опыт работы.
4.
Квалифицированный сварщик должен сам уметь подбирать необходимое сварочное
оборудование, материалы и технику сварки.
5.
Чем выше квалификация сварщика, тем больше количество материалов, с которыми он
может работать, и разнообразнее виды выполняемых работ.
6.
В настоящее время имеются большие возможности для освоения профессии сварщика.
4.
Before you read say if the following statements are true or false.
1.
Welding is an important process employed by modern industry.
2.
All welding processes are similar.
3.
All welding processes require workpieces to be heated.
4.
The smallest group of welders belongs to the group of repair services.
5.
Welding is the only way to join metals.
3.2.15.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 15
Тема
«Сварочное оборудование»
Переведите текст
Equipment
Equipment is available
for both fully automatic operation, as well as semiautomatic operation, wherein
wire feed is automatic, but the travel speed and direction is controlled by
hand rather than machine. For manual operation, which is sometimes done, the
electrode wire is fed through a flexible tube by a wire driving mechanism. Automatic
heads are available for operation with either AC or DC and for either shop or
field operation. The heads can be mounted stationary while the work is moved in
relation to the electrode, or the head can be moved in relation to the work.
Two or more heads can be mounted together to create multiple arc in tandem,
which still further increases the rate of deposition. Power sources for welding
heads include transformers, motor generators and rectifiers. Since the arc and
the weld metal are completely shielded from the air by the blanket of flux,
uniform and high quality welds are produced. In addition, greater penetration
is provided because of the higher concentration of the heat due to the
insulating qualities of the flux. The flux blanket also controls the bead shape
and allows the use of much higher current densities than can be employed with
an open arc. The high currents, of course, lead to deep penetration of the base
metal and fast deposition of electrode wire. Since a large amount of material
is molten in one time, it is essential that the weld be done in a horizontal or
flat position.
41
3.2.16.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Тема
«Контроль и качество сварного соединения»
Прочитайте и
переведите текст
Minimum
Quality Control Guidelines for Gas Metal Arc Welding
This guideline defines
the minimum requirements for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) (also known as Metal
Inert Gas or MIG) quality control. This guideline does not alter any
contractual obligation, specification or responsibility. This guideline is a
best practice recommendation. Satisfying these minimum requirements does not
ensure that all applicable specifications and responsibilities are met. This
guideline applies to all Lear manufacturing facilities and support groups.
Welder: A
person who performs manual or semiautomatic welding. Welders shall weld and
inspect their welds. Welders may perform routine maintenance including contact
tube and nozzle changes, and nozzle cleaning. Welders may adjust weld
parameters within established limits.
Welding Operator: A
person who operates automatic welding equipment. Welding equipment operators
shall inspect their welds. Welding operators may perform routine maintenance
including contact tube and nozzle changes, and nozzle cleaning.
Weld Technician: A
person who sets up and performs routine adjustments to automatic welding equipment.
Weld Technicians may adjust weld parameters within established limits.
Weld Engineer: A
person who establishes weld parameters and weld parameter limits.
Weld Inspector: A
person who performs inspection of welds.
Quality Engineer: A
person who establishes and monitors the Control Plan for the product.
Product Engineer: A
person who has the authority to release the Design Record for the product.
Amperage: (Current)
The measurement of the amount of electricity flowing past a given point in a
conductor per second.
Arc Length: Distance
or air space between the tip of the unmelted electrode wire and the work. For
GMAW, arc voltage
determines arc length.
Arc Voltage: Measured
across the welding arc between the electrode tip and the surface of the weld
puddle.
Automatic Welding: The
equipment controls the electrode wire feeding and movement of the
welding gun.
Base Metal: The
material that will be joined by welding 42
Contact Tube: (Weld
Tip) The contact tube transfers the current to the electrode.
Depth of Fusion: (Penetration)
The depth or distance that a deposited weld metal extends into the
base metal or the
previous pass.
General: This
guideline breaks the quality control of welding into five elements:
- Training (4.2) of
personnel involved in the welding process
- Process Quality
Controls (4.3) to monitor the conformance to the weld schedule
- Product Quality
Controls (4.4) to monitor the conformance to the weld specifications
- Control Plan (4.5) with
frequencies for the product and process controls, traceability for the
products, and the reaction plans for issues detected by the controls
- PPAP (4.6) to record
the qualification of the welding procedure and controls
Training &
Qualification: Personnel shall be trained. The plant
shall establish training and
qualification programs
for personnel including welders, welding equipment operators, weld
technicians, weld
engineers, weld inspectors, and quality engineers for welding processes. See
also GSOG 18.3,
Qualification and Training Requirements for GMAW Personnel.
Process Quality Controls:
Process
quality controls shall be established to monitor the
conformance to the weld
schedule and the qualified welding process. The process quality
controls must cover all
essential elements of the welding process. The minimum required
process quality controls
are addressed in Paragraph 4.5. The essential elements of process
quality control include:
- Workpieces
- Fixtures
- Weld Technique per the
Weld Schedule
- Weld Equipment and
Parameters per the Weld Schedule
- Change Controls
Workpiece Controls: Important
characteristics of the workpiece dimensions and material must be identified
through the APQP process. At a minimum, consider:
43
Workpiece
Characteristics: Characteristics shall normally include
workpiece material composition, dimensions near the joint, and dimensions on
the fixtured features of the part. These characteristics shall be controlled.
These controls are normally instituted at the production process for the
workpiece and/or at receiving inspection. The frequency and method of control
of these characteristics shall be included in the appropriate control plan.
3.2.17.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1,
умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 16
Тема
«Техника безопасности при выполнении сварочных работ»
Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Safety
rules and protective equipment.
There
are hazards in welding and cutting just as there are hazards in any industrial
operation. As a rule welding is no more hazardous than other occupations in an
industrial plant and in some instances even less so.
It
is evident that the welding arc is very hot (temperature of 6000F.) therefore it
throws off both light and heat. The arc welder and the flame-cutting operator
are exposed to fumes and to intense radiation of heart and light. In addition,
they are subjected to the hazards of burns and electric shocks. It is necessary
that protection be used.
Each
welder must observe simple safety rules.
1.
Whenever a welder is working around an open flame or an arc, he should wear
clothing that will minimize the danger of fires starting. Woolen and canvas
clothing, leather gloves, aprons and jackets can be worn as a protection from
sparks, spatter or slag. Trousers without cuffs are advisable. No part of the
body must be exposed to arc rays, as they will cause serious burns.
2.
To protect the operator’s face and eyes from the direct rays of the arc it is
essential that a head shield be used. There shields or helmets are generally
constructed of some king of pressed fibre insulating material dead black in
colour in reduce reflection. The shield should be light in weight and designed
to insure greatest possible comfort to the welder. Protective shields are
provided with suitable coloured lens should be protected by any ordinary clear
cover glass. Besides, goggles must be worn by the welder at times because they
are necessary to protect his eyes when removing slag from welds, either before
or after welding.
3.
Welding should be performed in separate rooms or in locations where screening
is possible in order to eliminate the danger of eye injuries from reflected or
direct of the arc to other workers. Where many welders are working, the welder
should show consideration of his fellow workmen when striking the arc.
4.
All gas and arc welding operations result in a certain amount of smoke and
atmospheric contamination. Under normal working conditions the fumes from most
arc welding operations in large open shops are not harmful and dissipate
themselves without resulting irritation. But artificial ventilation should be
installed to carry off the fumes and to insure good visibility when welding is
done in smaller shops and other restricted spaces, particularly inside tanks,
boilers, pipe tunnels, etc.
Ventilation
is especially necessary if materials bearing zinc, lead or cadmium re to be
welded. In the cases where adequate ventilation system cannot be provided a
proper type of filter respirator will give the welder adequate protection.
5.
And lastly a welder or a worker on whatever job he may be doing must be
conscious not only of his own safety but of the safety of others working near
at hand.
44
Notes
to the text.
1.
even less so – даже меньше того
2.
to result in – приводить к
3.
at hand – близко
4.
in
order to – чтобы
Questions
to the text.
1.
What hazards is the arc welder exposed to in welding?
2.
What can you say about welder’s clothing?
3.
How are the welder’s eyes protected from the heat and the rays?
4.
Is it dangerous to remove slag without goggles?
5.
Where should screening be used?
6.
Under what conditions must welding be performed?
7.
Where is artificial ventilation especially necessary?
8.
What should welders remember when welding?
9.
What safety rules should each welder observe?
3.2.18.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 17
Тема
«Служебные слова»
Выполните
упражнение
1.
Вставьте подходящие предлоги.
Our studies begin (in,
on, at) autumn.
My elder brother is a
doctor. He often comes home late (in, on, at) night.
The students are
listening (for, at, to) a new text now.
Take the book (out
of, from) the shelf and show it (for, to) me.
Which (of, from)
the houses is yours?
I think you can get there
(on, by, in) bus.
What is he afraid
(of, by, at)?
Don’t turn (on,
off, in) the radio, father is working.
I asked the librarian to
show some books (for, to, -) me.
Some (-, of,
from) my friends are coming to see me tonight.
45
What do you usually do (at,
in, on) your English lessons?
(At, in, on) Saturday I am (in,
at, -) home (at, in) 3.
I live (in, at,
on) Pushkin Street not far (from, of) the Institute of Foreign Languages.
I’m (on, at, in)
a hurry. John is waiting (to, at, for) me (in, at)
the Institute.
Would you like some
coffee (to, by, for) breakfast?
II.
Заполните пропуски предлогами, там, где это необходимо:
1. Don’t translate these
letters … English.
2. We sometimes read
Russian and English books … the evening.
3. … our English lessons
we often go … the blackboard.
4. Take the books … Ann.
5. She always comes home
… 7 p.m.
6. We write many
sentences … the blackboard.
7. … next week I shall
take my examination … English?
8. Is your mother … home
now?
III.Заполните
пропуски
предлогами
(in, at, to, with, on, from)
1. We live … Moscow.
2. They work … the
Ministry … the morning.
3. I usually go … the
office … the morning.
4. My friends seldom
speak English … me.
5. Do you speak English
or Russian … your wife?
6. … next week I shall
take my exam … English.
7. I shall begin to
repeat the texts … two days.
8. I shall work … me
English two or three hours … a day.
46
Выполните
тест.
1
вариант
1. I felt sick
… I
went home for the day.
a) so b) if c) or
d) nor
2. I like chocolate …
vanilla ice cream.
a) but b) and c)
since d) so
3. He didn’t realize that
he was being hurtful … he would have stopped teasing you.
a) or b) while c)
if d) until
4. Do you want tea …
coffee?
a) if b) so c)
since d) or
5. Both Kim … Leslie were
happy about the new car.
a) but b) and c) if
d) or
6. I was very hungry when
I came back home. I had not had anything to eat … the day.
a) for b) during c)
while
7. The Chairman of the
Board gave a long speech. He spoke … two hours.
a) for b) during c)
while
8. It rained … two days
without stopping.
a) for b) during c)
while
9. Public transportation
in New York was seriously affected … the strike last year.
a) for b) during c)
while
10. The phone rang two
times … I was having breakfast.
a) for b) during c)
while
11.There were a few
breaks … the Prime Minister speech.
a) for b) during c)
while
12. My sister read lots
of books … she was ill.
a) for b) during c)
while
47
13. My mother was so
angry with me that she did not speak to me … almost ten days.
a) for b) during c)
while
14. I saw something
interesting … I was waiting for the train.
a) for b) during c)
while
15. I don’t agree … you,
I am afraid you are wrong.
a) to; b) at; c) on; d)
with
16.
He reminds me ... someone I knew in the army.
a) of, b) to, c) from,
d) about.
2
вариант
1. I hate shopping … I
told my wife to go to the store alone.
a) if b) so c) nor
d) or
2. It’s snowing a lot. …
the roads aren’t icy yet.
a) if b) or c) nor
d) but
3. Both Sandra … Debbie
are sorry for what they did to you. Can you forgive them?
a) because b) if c)
and d) or
4. Chris has a class at 8
am. … he catches the 7.15 am bus.
a) nor b) until c)
if d) so
5. I quit my job … my
boss is mean and unfair.
a) if b) because c)
or d) nor
6. Angela has not lived
in London all her life. She lived in Kingston … seven years.
a) for b) during c)
while
7. I do not want to be
disturbed, so do not call me … it is something very important.
a) when b) if c)
unless d) although
8. You might not remember
the name of the company, so write it down … you forget it.
a) if b) when c)
unless d) in case
48
9. … I played well, I
lost the game.
a) although b) in
case c) if d) when
10. What would you do …
you lost your wallet?
a) when b) in case c)
unless d) if
11. Do not throw that
purse away. … you do not want it, I will take it.
a) if b) unless c) in
case d) although
12. I hope I will be able
to come to your birthday party this evening but I will let you know … I can
not.
a) if b) when c)
unless d) although
13. Please report to
reception … you arrive at the hostel.
a) unless b) when c)
in case d) although
14. I will try to be on
time tomorrow but do not worry … I am late.
a) if b) when c)
although d) unless
15. My sister prefers
travelling … car
a) to b) by c) over
16. The pencil belongs …
me
a) to b) by c) into
3.2.19
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 18
Тема
«Речевой этикет в деловой корреспонденции»
Внимательно
прочитайте конспект и подготовьте краткое сообщение по теме.
Формы
обращения к людям на английском языке
«Ты» и «Вы» В
английском языке, в отличие от русского, нет формального разграничения между
формами «ты», «вы» и «Вы».
Весь спектр значений этих форм заключен в местоимении you.
Обращение ко многим лицам Наиболее
распространенная форма обращения к аудитории: Ladies
and gentlemen! ‘Дамы
и господа!’
Dear friends! ‘Дорогие
друзья!’; Comrades! ‘Товарищи!’; Esteemed
colleagues!‘Досточтимые коллеги!’
49
Обращение к одному человеку В
дружеской, неформальной обстановке к знакомому человеку обращаются по имени
(first name): Hullo, Fred. How are you? ‘Привет,
Фред. Как дела?’
Более официальная форма – «титул» (см.
следующий параграф) +
фамилия (last name, или surname):
Good morning, Mr(s) Robinson. ‘Доброе
утро, господин/госпожа Робинсон’.
Как представиться
самому
Правила хорошего тона не предусматривают
знакомства без посредника. Но если рядом нет никого, кто мог бы Вас
представить, - можно прибегнуть к одной из предложенных формул.
Официальный стиль
Allow
me to introduce myself. My name is Victor Pirogov. Разрешите
представиться. Меня зовут Виктор Пирогов.
I've been looking forward to meeting you.
My name is Williams,
Rob Williams.
Я давно хочу с Вами познакомиться. Моя фамилия Уильямс, а имя – Роб.
Примерный диалог
N. Let me introduce myself.
My
name is N.
M. I am happy \ to make your acquaintance / to meet you.
Н.:
Позвольте представиться. Моя фамилия Н.
М.: Я счастлив познакомиться с вами.
Как спросить имя собеседника
Неформальный стиль
(And) what is your name? - (It's) Chris Best. (А) как Вас/тебя зовут? - Крис
Бест.
How
do they call you? Как вас
(прикажете) называть?
What is your first name? - (It's) Chris. Как
Ваше/твое
имя?
- Крис.
Нейтральный стиль
Who is that gentleman/lady/boy/girl? Как зовут
этого/эту джентльмена/леди/мальчика/девочку?
Нow do I address you? Как мне к Вам обращаться?
Официальный стиль
May I ask your name, please? Простите, как Ваше имя?
Как переспросить
имя
I didn’t catch you.
Я не понял/не расслышал.
I
couldn't catch his name. Я не
смог
расслышать
его
имя/фамилию.
Знакомство
через посредника
При знакомстве через посредника
соблюдается принцип подчеркнутого уважения, который требует, чтобы мужчину
представляли женщине, молодую женщину - женщине старшего возраста, молодого
мужчину - мужчине старшего возраста, сотрудника - руководителю. Как правило,
посредник называет фамилию лица, которому представляют гостя, посетителя или
нового сотрудника, а затем уже фамилию представляемого лица. Затем следует
дежурный обмен приветствиями How do you do между вновь познакомленными.
50
Here are a few rules of
introduction which are useful to remember:
1) Men are introduced to women;
2) young people to older ones;
3) old friends to newcomers;
4) a young girl to a married woman.
Socially women are never presented to a man unless he is the Head of State or a
member of the Royal family.
Неформальный стиль
The most simple form of introduction is the pronouncing of the two names:
- Mr Walters. Mr Jordan.
- Mr Walters, this is Mr Jordan.
- Miss Blake. Mr Jordan.
- Miss Blake, this is Jack Jordan.
Примерный
диалог
A: This is Pat Wilson and this is Chris Best.
B: Hello, Chris.
C: Nice to meet you, Pat.
Нейтральный стиль
The most formal forms of introduction are:
Mr Walters, may I present Mr Jordan?
May I present Mr Robinson?
Аllow/Permit
me to present...
Allow
me to do the introductions.
Разрешите познакомить вас друг с другом.
Allow/Permit
me to introduce Mrs Blake. Разрешите
представить
г-жу
Блейк.
Allow/Permit me to introduce my friend. Позвольте
представить
моего
друга.
Allow me to introduce Mr/Mrs/Miss... to you. Разрешите
представить
Вам
г-на/г-жу...
I
should like to introduce (you) Mrs Blake. Я бы хотел представить (Вам) г-жу
Блейк.
Примерный диалог
M. Mrs K., may I introduce my friend, Mr N., to you?
K. How do you do. Mr N.? Glad to meet you.
N. How do you do, Mrs K.?
М.: Миссис К., разрешите представить Вам своего друга, г-на Н.
К.: Здравствуйте, г-н Н. Я рада Вас видеть.
Н.: Здравствуйте, миссис К.
Ответные реплики при знакомстве
После обмена традиционными How do you do
(официальный стиль) или Hello / сокращенно - Hi (неформальный стиль) могут
последовать реплики:
This is a pleasure, Mr/Mrs... Очень приятно, г-н/г-жа...!
Pleased
(very) much. Я очень
рад.
51
I am happy to meet you. Very happy to meet you. I am
pleased to make your acquaintance. Я счастлив знакомству с
Вами.
(So) glad to meet you! Рад познакомиться!
Pleased to meet you. I'm so pleased to meet you. Я
рад с Вами познакомиться.
Good/nice to meet you. Приятно с
Вами
познакомиться!
I'm (very) pleased/glad (to meet you). Мне (очень)
приятно (с Вами познакомиться)!
"Моральная подготовка" человека к тому, что его кому-то представят
Peter, I'd like you to meet Mr/Mrs/Miss ... Питер,
я хотел бы познакомить Вас с...
Allow/permit
me to introduce you to... Разрешите
представить
Вас...
May I introduce you to Miss Hardcastle? Позволь
познакомить
тебя
с
мисс
Хардкасл.
Let me introduce you to my aunt. Разрешите представить Вас
моей тете.
I'd like to introduce you to my boss.
Я хочу представить Вас моему боссу.
Vera,
I want to introduce you to... Вера,
я
хочу
представить
Вас...
Попросив
разрешения представить себя или кого-либо другого, Вы можете услышать:
Certainly. Конечно. Разумеется.
I’d be delighted.
Буду только рад.
Примерный диалог
Mr Cole:
Jack,
I'd like you to meet my wife.
Mary,
this is my friend Jack.
Mary Cole: Hello, glad to meet you, Jack.
Jack Brown: I'm glad to meet you too, Mary.
Просьба быть
представленным
I would like to meet Mr... Я хотел бы
познакомиться с г-ном...
Could you introduce me to Mr... Не могли бы Вы представить меня г-ну...
Примерные
диалоги
Mr Ivanov: Could you introduce me to Mr Brown of the
British Trade Delegation?
Mr Cole: Certainly. Mr Brown, I'd like you to meet Mr Ivanov from the Novosti
Press Agency.
Mr Brown: How do you do, Mr Ivanov? Happy to meet you.
Mr Ivanov: How do you do?
M. Perhaps you will be good enough to introduce me?
K. Of course. This is Mr D.
M. Happy to make your acquaintance, Mr D.
D. I am very glad, too.
М.:
Может, вы будете так добры, что представите меня?
К.: Конечно! Это г-н Д.
М.: Я счастлива познакомиться с Вами, г-н Д.!
Д.: Я тоже очень рад.
52
Уточнение факта
прежнего знакомства (участников сцены двое)
Неформальный стиль
It's (Mr Brown), isn't it?
Mr/Mrs/Miss Smith?
Excuse me, are you Mr Thompson?
Yes, that's right. And you must be Mr Williams.
Нейтральный стиль
We have met. Мы знакомы.
I think we’ve met before. Я думаю, мы уже встречались.
Haven't we met before?
Разве мы прежде не встречались?
Официальный стиль
Could I have seen you somewhere? Кажется, я Вас где-то видел?
I fancy I've met you before? Полагаю, мы где-то встречались?
I
have а feeling we've met before (but I
don't remember your name). Сдается мне, я Вас где-то
встречал (но не помню Ваше имя).
По правилам хорошего тона в английском языке следует избегать прямолинейных
заявлений типа "Я вас знаю". А если вам важно, чтобы вас вспомнили,
то можно, как бы между прочим, упомянуть место или обстоятельства встречи: We
met at the opening of the Art Exhibition, didn't we?
I did see you sometime/somewhere.
Я когда-то/где-то вас видел.
I've heard about you from N. Я слышал о вас от Н.
I'm
afraid I don't know who you are. Боюсь
- я не
знаю,
кто
вы.
Your face seems familiar to me, but I can't recollect your name. Ваше
лицо кажется мне знакомым, но я не могу вспомнить, как вас зовут.
Примерный
диалог
Excuse me, please, but is your name Bill Blake?
— No, I am sorry, it isn't. It's Baxter, Steve Baxter.
— Excuse me, please, but are you Janet Blake?
— No, I'm sorry, I am not. My name is Jill Baxter.
— Oh, sorry.
3.2.20. Типовые задания для оценки знаний
1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Тема
«Виды деловых писем»
Работа
с текстом. Переведите тексты. Определите виды деловых писем
(письмо-предложение, письмо-заказ, письмо-запрос). Составьте деловое письмо.
1.
FAO: Lisa Fisher, Senior Buyer, Foxton’s
Dear
Ms Fisher, Further to our conversation at Great Outdoors Exhibition, I am
happy to send you our brochure and a price list for our products and a free
sample of the Tracker.
With
Christmas approaching, our products are ideal presents for a climbers or
walkers and they will be happy to have them. Unfortunately, we can’t agree to
Foxton’s being sole stockists for region. However, we would be prepared to
offer you a sole agency for towns where Foxton’s have
53
branches.
We
can offer you a complimentary video too.
I
look forward to hearing what you think in the near future. I would welcome the
opportunity of meeting you in person when you will be in Manchester next week
at a time which will be convenient for you. Once again, thank you for your interest
in Foxton’s products.
Yours
sincerely
Julian
Gray
Sales
Manager
2.
September 14, 2012
Mr
Steal,
SalesManager,
Brown & Sons Ltd.,
1304 Sherman Ave.,
Madison, Wisconsin.
Dear
Mr. Steal, We are pleased to advise you that we are in the market for very
substantial quantities of washing machines for the next two months. We are
currently assessing our requirements and considering offers from various
sources. Please submit offers of your regular production qualities and advise
the quantity available together with approximate delivery time. We on our part
will do our best to place substantial business with you. We look forward to
hearing from you at your earliest convenience.
Yours
faithfully,
Mr. C.B. Smith,
Purchasing Manager
3.Dear
Mr. Smith,
Thank you for your inquiry about our new camera. I have pleasure in enclosing
our pro forma invoice, which gives general information about the product. This
invoice is valid for three months.
In answer to your specific questions:
The total cost of this item is $400 which includes cost, insurance, and freight
. We will be able to deliver your order within 10 days of receiving it.
As you will see we are prepared to offer you a discount of 5 % on orders of 5
units or more. However, unless you already have an account with us, we will
require payment with your order. If you have any further questions, please do
not hesitate to contact me.
Yours
sincerely,
Carry Biggs
Manager, New Traditions
3.2.21.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 19
Тема
«Заключение контракта»
Прочитайте
и переведите текст. Выполните задания к тексту.
The
volume of the contract, the terms and the time of delivery
High technology
articles are often forbidden for export in some countries, sometimes under the
pressure of other states. So our foreign-relations associations have to do a
lot to find a way out, i.e. 54
to
study the market conditions and contact in other countries either subsidiaries or
companies associated with those from the states whose export are banned.
That was the case with the purchase of sophisticated equipment for a production
line of building machines for our plant. A number of enquiries were sent out to
West Germany, Finland, Great Britain and other European countries. Finally
among others we received a quotation from a British firm, which we knew was
somehow associated with a Japanese company making building machines
When the country and the firm had been chosen a delegation of engineers of our
Customers went to London for technical negotiations and possible visit to the
works to see the line in operation. After successful negotiations the
delegation returned to Moscow and asked our foreign-trade associations “Techmashimport”
to carry on and finalize the deal.
Having agreed in principle on our general attitude to the company’s offer with
all the functional departments of the associations and with Director General,
the director of the firm went to London to the Russian Trade Delegation for the
coming commercial negotiations. Also, he had arranged for
a
representative from the Engineering Departments of our customers to be
available to attend the talks in case any technical points previously not
discussed arose. He had discussed as well with the senior engineer, who was
accompanying him, what their approach towards today’s talks should be.
Vocabulary:
forbid –
запрещать, не позволять
pressure -
давление
subsidiary – филиал
фирмы
relation-
отношение
equipment -
оборудование
production –
продукция, производство
enquiry – спрос,
потребность
quotation – цена,
расценка
deal – сделка,
соглашение
attitude -
отношение
offer –
предложение, предлагать
representative -
представитель
Ответьте на вопросы.
1.
What items are included in the Volume of Delivery? 2. What new clause is
included into the contracts in trade of high-tech equipment now and what does
it indicate? 3. Why do we usually insist on fob terms in import trade? 4.
Why does our representative want the shortest possible delivery time? 5. Why
do you think our representative hasn’t handed over our draft contract yet?
6.
Why are the commercial talks as a rule carried on in foreign countries and why
is the singing of the contract preferably done in Moscow?
2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих предложений
и словосочетаний.
1)
как обычно, пару дней. 2) Мы могли бы устроить, чтобы вы посмотрели….
3)
Вы должно быть тщательно изучили наше предложение. 4) Мне бы хотелось, чтобы
все услуги были перечислены в контракте. 5) Когда срок гарантии истечёт… .
6)
Мы хотим, чтобы это было сформулировано в статье об эксплуатационноспособности.
7)
Вы хорошо доехали? 8) Посмотрим, как обстоят дела с коммерческой
стороны.
9)
До того, как мы продолжим. 10) Теперь снова за работу!
11)
Приятно встретиться с человеком лично после долгого общения по телефону.
55
12)
На чём мы остановились? 13) В экспортной торговле это становится
общепринятым.
14)
Хотелось бы, чтобы наши дальнейшие переговоры шли также гладко, как до сих пор.
15)
Завтра будем обсуждать цену. 16) У нас будет завтра ваш проект
контракта?
17)
поставка начнётся через 18 месяцев после подписания контракта
18)
Как по - вашему мы могли бы вести переговоры…
3.2.21.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3, 4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа № 20
Тема
«Заключение контракта»
Переведите
текст. Составьте деловое письмо и контракт.
Образец
контракта
CONTRACT N
Moscow
20_____________________________________
hereinafter referred
to as the Sellers, on the one hand and ______
______________________,
hereinafter referred to as the Buyers, on the other hand have
concluded the present Contract as follows:
1. Subject of the
Contract The Sellers have sold and the Buyers have bought on
(FOB) ___________________________________ (port) basis the goods to the
amount of ____________________________ in the quantity, assortment, at prices
and according to technical conditions as stated in Supplements N 1,2...
which are the integral part of the present Contract.
2. Price and Total Amount
of the Contract The prices for the goods are fixed in _________________________
(currency)and are to be understood __________ _____________________ (FOB,
CIF...) packing and marking included. The Total Amount of the present
Contract is ______________________.
3. Dates of delivery
Delivery of the goods under the present Contract should be effected within
the dates stipulated in the Supplement N ____ to the present Contract. The
data of the Bill of Lading and/or the date of frontier station stamp of
the Sellers' country stated in (rail-)way bill to be considered as the
data of delivery.
4. Payment. Payment
for the goods delivered is effected in ____________________ under an
irrevocable, confirmed divisible Letter of Credit established by the
Buyer with the Bank ______________________________ The Letter of Credit
to allow transshipment and partial shipment and to stipulate that all
the expenses connected with the opening and the extension of the Latter of
Credit and any other banc charges to be for the Buyers' account. The Letter
of Credit is to be valid for _______ days.
56
5. Claims. Claims in
respect of the quantity in case of shortage inside the case may be submitted
by the Buyers to the Sellers not later than ________ days and in respect of
the quality of the goods in case of non-con- formity of same to
that stipulated by the Contract not later than ______ days after the
arrival of the goods at the port of
destination. Contents and
ground of the claim should be certified either by Expert's Report or by
a Report made up with the participation of a
representative of an
uninterested competent organization. The Buyers have the right to return
to the Sellers the rejected goods for their replacement by the goods of proper
quality. All the transport and other expenses connected with delivery
and return of defective goods are to be paid by the
Sellers.
6. Arbitration
All disputes and
differences which may arise out of the present Contract or in connection with
the same are to be settled without application to State courts by Arbitration Court at Chamber of Commerce, Moscow in accordance with the Rules of
procedure of the above Court the awards of which are final and binding upon
both Parties.
7. Force-majeure
Should any
circumstances arise which prevent complete or partial fulfilment by any of
the Parties of their respective obligations under the present Contract,
namely: fire, acts of God, war, military operations of any kind,
blockade, prohibition of export or import or
any other circumstances
beyond the control of Parties, the time stipulated for the fulfilment
of such obligations shall be extended for the period equal to that during
which such circumstances will remain in force.
8. Other Conditions
All dues (including port
and dock ones), taxes and customs duties levied in the territory of
the Sellers' country connected with execution of the present Contract are
to be paid by the Sellers and for their account. None of the Parties has the
right to assign their right and obligations under the present Contract
without written consent of the other Party. Any amendments and supplements
to the present Contract are valid only if made in writing and signed by duly
authorized representatives of both Parties.
57
4.
Контрольно-оценочные материалы для итоговой аттестации по учебной дисциплине
Предметом оценки
являются умения и знания. Контроль и оценка осуществляются с использованием
следующих форм и методов:
устный
опрос, монологическое высказывание, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Оценка освоения
дисциплины предусматривает проведение зачёта
I.
ПАСПОРТ
Назначение:
КОМ предназначен
для контроля и оценки результатов освоения учебной дисциплины Английский язык по
специальности СПО
Умения
У 1. Общаться
(устно и письменно) на английском языке на профессиональные и повседневные
темы;
У 2. Переводить
(со словарем) английские тексты профессиональной направленности;
У 3.
Самостоятельно совершенствовать устную и письменную речь;
У 4. Пополнять
словарный запас.
Знания
З 1. Лексический
(1200- 1400 лексических единиц) и грамматический минимум, необходимый для
чтения и перевода (со словарем) английских текстов профессиональной
направленности.
58
Зачётная
работа
Прочитайте и
переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы и составьте свои вопросы к тексту.
Подготовьте краткий пересказ текста, выполните упражнения после текста.
THE
WONDERFUL WORLD OF WELDING.
The technology of welding has contributed greatly toward making the world
better, more productive and a more wonderful place in which to live. Welding is
used in the manufacture of almost everything made of metal-ships, locomotives,
railroad rails and cars, automobiles, pipelines, tanks aircraft and household
appliances.
Welding is used today in so many important industries of our national economy,
that if welding ceased or disappeared, we might say: “Without welding the world
would fall apart”. It keeps railroads, truck fleets, steel mills, power plants,
nuclear power plants and spaceships, transistors and vacuum tubes, gas-turbine
wheels and diaphragms require modern welding technology and quite unusual
welding processes.
No present – day technological process has developed at such a rapid pace as
that of welding. Just a few years ago the ordinary manual arc welding process
was the basic method used in industry. Today more than 70 different methods of
welding are used in the Soviet Union.
Arc welding, electro-slag welding, atomic-hydrogen welding, ultra-sonic
welding, and other commercial processes of manual and automatic welding are
widely used in our country. Great attention is paid in the USSR
to the development of automated methods for welding various large-size metal
pieces such as tanks, containers and various equipment for iron and steel
mills.
The scientific and technical aspects of electric welding are studied by many
research establishments, departments of higher school and factory laboratories.
Our biggest research centers in the field are the E. O. Paton Institute of
Electric Welding in Kiev, the Moscow Bauman Higher Technical School
and others. The science and technology of welding have an important part to
play in the future world without welding interplanetary liners cannot be built,
welding is necessary for building launching sites on other planets and in outer
space.
Among the means that would be used in the future to join, refractory metals and
other materials are high frequency current, ultra-sonic, plasma, controlled
fusion, and electron beam. The very term ‘welding’ would become old-fashioned
and welding would be replaced by a kind of ‘gluing’ or ‘cold welding’.
Notes
to the text.
1.
no process – никакой процесс 2.
as that of – “that” заменяет существительное
3.
in
the field – in the field of welding 4. the very term – самый термин
Questions to the text.
1. Where is welding used?
2. What technology and welding processes do the nuclear power plants and
spaceships require? 3. What welding process was the basic method just a few
years ago? 4. How many welding processes are used in Russia? 5. What welding
processes are widely used in our country? 6. What methods of welding do our
scientists pay great attention to? 7. Where are the scientific and technical
aspects of welding studied? 8. What biggest research centres of Russia develop new welding processes? 9. What role will welding play in the future world? 10.
What welding methods are used for joining refractory metals? 11. Have you read
anything about welding? 12. What do you know about your future speciality? 13.
Is there a welding equipment in the laboratory of your institute? 59
Эталоны
ответов
Приложения
Инструкция по
проверке и оценке работ студентов по английскому языку
Оценка за письменную работу выставляется
исходя из % правильно выполненных заданий.
|
Виды работ
|
Оценка«5»
|
Оценка«4»
|
Оценка«3»
|
Оценка«2»
|
|
Контрольная работа
Тест
|
90-100%
|
70-89%
|
50-69%
|
меньше
50%
|
|
Самостоятельная
работа
Проверочная
работа
Словарный диктант
|
95-100%
|
75-94%
|
50
-74%
|
меньше
50%
|
Ответы на 3.2.1. Типовые задания для
оценки знаний 1, умений 1,2, 3, 4. (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа №1
Порядок
слов в предложении
1.
Составьте предложения из нижеследующих слов.
1.
The man sent a telegram yesterday. 2.
The teacher dictated the new words to us.
3. I like milk. 4.
We didn’t go to the theatre yesterday.
5. The boy was eating a
sweet. 6. We like to sing songs.
7. He is not working at
the factory. 8. Did you read English books?
9. I do not know French.
10. Put the book into the bag.
11. Come in and sit
down. 12. They are allowed to
take these books.
13. I am going to read.
14. When did you see her?
15. The girl had an egg
for breakfast. 16. My mother put a plate of cakes on the
table.
17. Come back in half an
hour. 18. Mr. Black and his assistant are in the
classroom.
19. The students have
three lectures today. 20. The lectures never begin at 7 o’clock in the morning.
2.
Составьте вопросительные предложения, используя следующие слова.
1. Where are they?
2. When was the teacher
at school?
3. Who is this man?
60 4. Will you be at home?
5. Whose books are these?
6. Do you read English books?
7. Did he work yesterday?
8. Didn’t you speak about that
yesterday?
9. Why there is no name
on this copy-book? 10. How old are you?
11. Are there any figures
on the blackboard? 12. Is there a picture over the
bookcase?
13. How long did it take
you to do your homework? 14. Is she a second year
student?
15. Is her lamp good?
16. Where did you buy these nice cakes?
17. Will you be at home
tomorrow evening? 18. Who found my
sister’s pen?
19. Did you speak to
Annie about that yesterday? 20. Whose copy-book is this without a name?
3.2.5.
Типовые задания
для оценки
знаний
1, умений
1,2
Самостоятельная
работа № 4 «»Система времён глагола»
|
Вариант 1
|
1
|
a
|
Вариант 2
|
1
|
c
|
|
2
|
a
|
2
|
b
|
|
3
|
c
|
3
|
a
|
|
4
|
b
|
4
|
c
|
|
5
|
a
|
5
|
a
|
|
6
|
b
|
6
|
b
|
|
7
|
a
|
7
|
b
|
|
8
|
c
|
8
|
b
|
|
9
|
b
|
9
|
a
|
|
10
|
c
|
10
|
a
|
|
11
|
a
|
11
|
d
|
|
12
|
d
|
12
|
b
|
|
13
|
a
|
13
|
d
|
|
14
|
d
|
14
|
d
|
|
15
|
b
|
15
|
c
|
61
3.2.8.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1.2,3.4 (текущий контроль)
|
Вариант 1
|
1
|
j
|
Вариант 2
|
1
|
e
|
|
2
|
f
|
2
|
g
|
|
3
|
h
|
3
|
i
|
|
4
|
i
|
4
|
j
|
|
5
|
g
|
5
|
h
|
|
6
|
b
|
6
|
f
|
|
7
|
e
|
7
|
b
|
|
8
|
c
|
8
|
c
|
|
9
|
d
|
9
|
d
|
|
10
|
a
|
10
|
a
|
3.2.18.
Типовые задания для оценки знаний 1, умений 1, 2, 3,4 (текущий контроль)
Самостоятельная
работа №15
Тема
«Служебные слова»
Выполните
упражнение. Вставьте подходящие предлоги.
|
1
|
in
|
9
|
to
|
|
2
|
at
|
10
|
-
|
|
3
|
to
|
11
|
at
|
|
4
|
from, to
|
12
|
on, at, at
|
|
5
|
of
|
13
|
in, from
|
|
6
|
by
|
14
|
in, for, in
|
|
7
|
of
|
15
|
for
|
|
8
|
on
|
|
|
62
Заполните
пропуски предлогами, там, где это необходимо.
|
1
|
into
|
5
|
at
|
|
2
|
in
|
6
|
on
|
|
3
|
at, to
|
7
|
- in
|
|
4
|
from
|
8
|
at
|
Заполните
пропуски предлогами
(in, at, to, with, on, from)
|
1
|
in
|
5
|
with
|
|
2
|
at, in
|
6
|
- on
|
|
3
|
to, in
|
7
|
in
|
|
4
|
to
|
8
|
at -
|
Выполните
тест.
|
Вариант 1
|
1
|
a
|
Вариант 2
|
1
|
b
|
|
2
|
b
|
2
|
d
|
|
3
|
a
|
3
|
c
|
|
4
|
d
|
4
|
d
|
|
5
|
b
|
5
|
b
|
|
6
|
b
|
6
|
a
|
|
7
|
a
|
7
|
c
|
|
8
|
a
|
8
|
d
|
|
9
|
b
|
9
|
a
|
|
10
|
c
|
10
|
d
|
|
11
|
b
|
11
|
a
|
|
12
|
c
|
12
|
a
|
|
13
|
a
|
13
|
b
|
|
14
|
c
|
14
|
a
|
|
15
|
d
|
15
|
b
|
|
16
|
d
|
16
|
a
|
63
Инструкция по
проверке и оценке работ учащихся по русскому языку
|
№
|
Процент
правильных ответов
|
Оценка по
общепринятой шкале
|
|
1.
|
90 - 100
|
отлично
|
|
2
|
70 - 89
|
хорошо
|
|
3
|
50 - 69
|
удовлетворительно
|
|
4
|
0 - 49
|
неудовлетворительно
|
64
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