Health is above Wealth".
Aims:
- to develop
speaking skills through a wide range of speaking tasks which necessitate
giving information, exchanging and justifying opinions and ideas,
comparing and contrasting, agreeing and disagreeing, suggesting and
speculating;
- teach to analyze
and arrange specific data into meaningful patterns;
- to develop
positive attitude to health.
Tasks:
- to practise and
activate all essential vocabulary on the topic “Healthy Way of Life”;
- to provide an
opportunity to use linguistic skills in real situations of communication;
- to broaden
students’ understanding of the various aspects of healthy way of life;
- to teach to work
collaboratively in group, to develop partnership relations between
teachers and pupils;
- to stimulate and
enhance the students’ interest of health problems (Food, Bad habits,
Stress) to probe further on their own and to reach their own conclusions
based on examining the evidence;
- to teach students
critical thinking skills when searching for information in the Internet,
additional literature;
- to develop
cross-cultural and cross-curricular competence .
Type
of the project:
- cross-curricular;
group; short-term; with coordination.
Result
of the project:
- presentation of
creative and research work.
Equipment:
- computer and
multimedia projector; tape recorder; self-made posters; illustrations;
handouts.
The course
of the lesson
I. (teachers) Good
afternoon, dear students! Today we are having our final lesson on the topic
“Healthy Way of Life”. For three weeks you have been working on the projects.
Today you are going to present the result of your joint work. We hope that you
will show your speaking skills, cooperative skills, will show your
understanding of the proverb ‘Health is above wealth’.
As you remember, at our first
lesson of this theme we held a survey among the 10th formers.
The children chose the most vital aspects of healthy way of life and picked out
the problems concerning their health. Having analyzed their opinion, we found
out the following three major points: bad habits, food and stress. As far as we
have three groups in our class, each group chose a problem for studying.
Before discussing these problems
let’s look around. We see some quotations and sayings on the topic. Let’s read
them. (the pupils read and comment on the quotations)
Possible
Sayings and Proverbs:
- Tomorrow is
another day
- A change is as
good as a rest
- A sound mind in a
sound body
- An apple a day
keeps the doctor away
We hope your today’s presentations
will prove they are true.
II. Food
2.1. Can you imagine our life
without food? I think no. What is food for us? (the
pupils give their variants)
Приложение
1
2.2. Do you know the secrets of
health and beauty? The secrets are in our food. The proverb says: “We are what
we eat ” In this cosmic world which we live in, the thing we neglect all to off
is nutrition. Food supplies three fundamental body needs: need for energy, need
for new tissue growth and tissue repair, need to regulate metabolic function.
In particular, the types of food
that we eat can influence our moods. Eating food like bread, cereal, rice makes
us feel calm. Chocolate can lift our spirits and make us feel happier. Other
foods, such as coffee, eggs, sugar, can have a negative effect on us. When you
feel stressed, try a little bread and a glass of milk and you will feel
relaxed.
Have you ever heard anything about
junk food? I shall try to convince you that it is harmful for our health and
stomach. In today’s fast-moving world, people have less and less time to spend
eating, let alone cooking. It is probably for this reason that junk food is so
popular.
Recent researches have shown that
people who prefer junk food gain excess weight. This is true because you tend
to eat more, as junk food is less satisfying and lower in vital nutrients.
I don’t think that you will never
eat hamburgers or fried potatoes. I’m sure you will! But always remember about
the consequences.
2.3. The problem of food is closely
connected with dieting. We all want to be slim. We’ve got some information
about dieting: whether it is a good thing or not.
The term dieting most often refers
to the revision of food intake in order to lose weight. Diets are also observed
for a wide range of medical reasons.
What do 100 calories a day
correspond to? It’s easy to feed 100 calories to the body but difficult to burn
them, as the drawings illustrate.
Variants of burning calories are:
1) 2 km walk;
2) 5 min of skiing at competition
speed;
3) 4 km of cycling;
4) 15 min of tennis (easy pace);
5) 30 min of gardening.
You should count your calories if
you want to have a good figure.
There are a number of problems
connected with dieting. Low diets, for example, restrict the amount of bread,
sugar, and grains while maintaining a normal amount of proteins and fats. Most
people experience low blood pressure after only a few days on such diets.
Diets high in fats are harmful for
people with heart disease.
High proteins diets can be kept for
only a short period of time and are dangerous for anyone with diabetes and
other medical problems.
There is a serious problem of
starvation, because it can lead to coma. It can be practiced only under strict
medical supervision.
2.4. Now we’d like to acquaint you
with such a disease as anorexia.
Anorexia is a new illness and seems
to be caused by the society we live in, which judges us on our appearance. The
media encourage us to try to be slim and beautiful. Each year there are to be
at least 2000 new cases of anorexia. Most anorexics are females in their teens
and twenties who suffer from a distorted self image: either slim or attractive
they may appear to others. Though hungry, anorexics attempt to gain control of
their lives by denying eating.
2.5. We are sure you know such term
as vegetarianism. We’ll tell you the history of it and reveal the advantages
and disadvantages of it.
Vegetarianism is an ancient custom.
During the 19th century the movement began to
produce results even among non-vegetarians. By the early 20th century it
was non-vegetarian's diet - especially in English-speaking countries; such
foods as peanut butter and corn flakes were invented by vegetarians in the
United States.
The vegetarian movement as a whole
was carried forward by individuals, such as Leo Tolstoy and George Bernard
Show, and by certain religious sects.
Humanitarian vegetarians refuse
meat because they believe that killing of animals is unnecessary or cruel.
People who are keen on vegetarianism for health reasons believe that meat is
harmful to the human body and that vegetable diet is more effective.
Purist vegetarians reject all foods
that are derived from animals, including dairy products such as eggs, milk,
cheese and butter.
2.6. Competition
1: You’ve got a lot of information about food: junk food, healthy
food, dieting. Now we’ll check how well you remember it. We’ll see which of the
two groups can choose healthy food and junk food from the pictures on the table. (comments
of the expert)
Competition 2: Now I offer
you a list of different ingredients. Imagine that you are waiting for a friend;
you are to prepare meal as quickly as possible. I shall give you a minute… Now
we shall see whose dish is the tastiest and healthiest. (comments
of the expert)
2.7. I hope you will follow our
advice and choose healthy food. I wish you good meal! And we present you with
some general advice on healthy food.
General
Advice on Healthy Food
1. Eat less salt, sugar and saturated
fat.
2. Eat more raw fruit and
vegetables, wholemeal bread and other foods rich in fibre.
3. Check the 'Contents' labels on
packets and tins to see what they actually contain.
4. If you want to lose weight, do
it gradually. People who lose weight quickly usually put it back on quickly,
too.
5. Eat regularly - your body needs
a steady flow of energy.
6. Drink five or six glasses of
water per day.
7. Get plenty of variety in your
diet.
8. Enjoy your food!
III. Bad Habits.
3.1. Another problem is bad habits.
Can you name any bad habits (smoking, drinking, overeating,
gambling, irritation, drug-taking).
We confess the significance of all
these problems but smoking. Many teenagers do not consider it to be a serious
problem leading to terrible consequences. That’s why we have decided smoking to
be discussed.
3.2. If you smoke and you still
don't believe that there's a definite link between smoking and bronchial
troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving
yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are
suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too
uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking
and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no
evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid
measures. In Britain, for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on
television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues
to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.
You don't have to look very far to
find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm.
The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax.
If the governments of the world
were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd
conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is
allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as
insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers
coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The
advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is
manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great
open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter
nonsense!
For a start, governments could
begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and men should conduct
anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in
all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should
be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up
the habit. A horrific warning - say, a picture of a death's head - should be
included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are
certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could
protect us from ourselves.
3.3. There are many smokers who are
aware of the health hazards of their habit and want to stop, or have already
tried, without success. Here is some practical advice which may help you to
kick the habit:
You can rely on your own
will-power. Simply smoke your last cigarette and do not allow yourself to pick
up another. However, very few of us are strong-willed enough to do this
successfully. Or you can gradually cut down on the amount
you smoke each day until you stop entirely. Additionally, some companies
manufacture products such as chewing gum and adhesive body patches which
administer small doses of nicotine to help combat withdrawal symptoms. You can
use these products if your will-power requires some assistance. Otherwise, you
can benefit from other available treatments like hypnotherapy or acupuncture.
Many people claim that after only a few sessions of alternative
therapies such as these, they have been permanently cured of their addiction.
The only drawback, however, is that their effectiveness seems to depend on
your desire to give up swiping. The stronger your will-power is, the more
successful the treatment will be. When you have stopped smoking, you should try not to
begin again. You should avoid stressful situations, since stress often drives
people to smoke again. Also, when boredom strikes it is often tempting to pick
up a cigarette, if only for something to do. You can prevent the boredom which
may lead to your taking up smoking again. To conclude, there are several ways
to give up smoking, some of which are less conventional than others. Once you
have given up, you may alsohave to take certain measures to ensure that you remain a
non-smoker for good.
3.4. In conclusion we’d like to
present you with one of such posters to remind you how dangerous smoking is not
to the health of a smoker but to the environment as well.
Приложение
2
IV. Stress.
4.1. We are school-leavers. It’s a
crucial moment of our life. We realize our responsibility. That’s why we get
nervous as we are under constant stress. We should know how to cope with these
problems and how to overcome them. Here is our project “Anti-Stress Recipes”.
4.2. Do you know
what the signs of stress are?
Приложение
3
1) “7 o’clock! Why should I get up
so early?!” - If you ask yourself this question at least once a week, you are
irritated.
2) “9 o’clock! A test! Again!” -
You worry almost every day, don’t you?
3) “1 o’clock! I can’t understand
anything!” - You feel sick and tired and can’t concentrate on the lesson.
4) “4 o’clock! I want to sleep!” -
You are gloomy – you have no time to rest, you have so much to do.
5) “8 o’clock! Leave me alone!” -
You are tense and you don’t want to do anything.
Don’t any of these thoughts strike
you sometimes? (comments of the pupils).If ‘yes’ – you are on the way to
stress.
Stress is a worried or nervous
feeling that stops you relaxing caused, for example, by pressure at school or
personal problems. When you are under stress, you see life in grey and black
colours.
Relaxation Pause (is
performed to music):
Sit comfortably. Close your
eyes. Listen to your breathing.
Feel its rhythm and depth.
Feel yourself breathe-in and breathe-out.
Remember the most pleasant
moment of your life. …Try to fix this feeling. …
Thank you. Open your eyes.
A quarter of an hour of relaxation
like that every day will pay you well! You will gain extra energy and good will
towards life generally.
Now we are calm and quiet, relaxed
and at ease. We are ready to accept new information; we hope it will be of
great use for everybody.
4.5. People have had problems since
the beginning of time. We’ve already read some proverbs that are probably
thousands of years old. We are sure most of them are useful today.
Our modern life is really
stressful. We compete at school and in sport and even with our friends. We try
to get as good marks as possible, to buy as cool telephone as possible, to look
as smart as possible, to go on holiday as far as possible so that we can relax
after getting so tense and tired!
All this can’t but influence our
nerves. What do you think the signs of stress are? (comments
of the pupils: irritability, fussiness, gloominess, suspicion, indecision,
excitability, restlessness, lack of concentration, unsociability, loss of
appetite, over-eating, sleeplessness, drinking, smoking, worrying, tension.)
Many people try to get rid of the
signs of stress instead of the cause. They may take sleeping pills or try to
control the various signs in other ways. But the only satisfactory way of
stopping stress is to find the cause of it.
4.6. Presentation ‘Causes of
Stress’.
Приложение 4
1) - The loss of a close person or
any other loss may cause stress. It may be the death or illness of a friend,
the loss of your job or money. And you can probably do nothing to change these.
- As the proverb says ‘One cannot
put the clock back’. You should concentrate on what is happening in you life
today. And go on living. Don’t try to re-live yesterday. It is gone.
2) – A conflict inside you may
cause stress. Perhaps you feel you ought to do something but you don't want to.
You may have mixed feelings about someone or something and not know what to do.
- As the proverb says ‘No man is
wise at all times’. You had better look into, understand yourself. It may be
helpful to talk to someone about it.
3) – A fear of something may cause
stress. Often we are afraid to do something, because we don’t know what will
happen afterwards. Perhaps, you are stressed by fear you can’t identify.
- As the proverb says ‘Don’t climb
the hill before you get to it’. You shouldn’t be fearful because most of the
things we fear never come to pass. Do something. It’s often better to make a
decision rather than do nothing.
4) – Several different problems may
cause stress. Perhaps you feel you have too much responsibility.
- As the proverb says ‘Little by
little and bit by bit’. Try to see your problems separately and deal with them
one by one.
5) – Worry also may cause stress.
Worry refers to negative self-talk, that often destructs the mind from focusing
on the problem of hand. Worry can refer to a feeling of concern about someone
else’s condition.
- As the proverb says ‘Cheek brings
success’. Re-define your worry as a problem. Then you can do something about it
instead of just worrying. Do something before things become worse!
4.7. In conclusion we’d like to
present you with some recommendations how to avoid stress and be happy.
10
Commandments for a Student
- Thou shalt
not worry, for worry is the most unproductive of all
human activities.
- Thou shalt
not be fearful, for most of the things we fear never come to pass.
- Thou shalt
not cross bridges before you get to them, for no one yet
has succeeded in accomplishing this.
- Thou shalt
face each problem as it comes: you can handle only one at a time
anyway.
- Thou shalt
not take problems to bed with you, for they make very poor
bedfellows.
- Thou shalt
not borrow other people's problems: they can take better care of them
than you can.
- Thou shalt
not try to relive yesterday for good or ill - it is gone. Concentrate
on what is happening in your life today.
- Thou shalt
count thy blessings, never overlooking the small ones, for a
lot of small blessings add up to a big one.
- Thou shalt be
a good listener, for only when you listen do you hear ideas different
from your own. It's very hard to learn something new when you're talking.
- Thou shalt
not become bogged down by frustration, for 90 percent
of it is rooted in self-pity and it will only interfere with positive
action.
VII. Reflexion. (teacher) Let’s
segregate basic recommendations for preserving your health. Each group is to
pick out the most useful recommendation on each problem of all we’ve discussed
today. (teacher writes the ideas on the blackboard)
VIII. Commenting on the work and
giving marks.
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