Конференция:
Модель ООН по теме «Сирийский конфликт
2011 – 2013 гг.»
Цели урока:
Ход урока.
1. Слово
председателя.
Сегодня мы с вами собрались для обсуждения крупнейшего
конфликта современности – войны в Сирии. ООН была создана для поддержания мира
и всеобщей безопасности общими усилиями всех стран мира, и мы должны попытаться
сообща положить конец кровопролитию в одном из важнейших регионов мира. Для начала слово предоставляется представителю
Великобритании:
2. Первый
докладчик:
Dear
members of the Security Council, let me remind you the origins of the problem
we discuss today. Syrian crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in Syria between
forces loyal to government and those seeking to overthrow it. The conflict
began with popular demonstrations that grew nationwide by April 2011. These
demonstrations were part of the wider Middle Eastern protest movement known as
the Arab Spring. Protesters demanded the resignation of President Bashar
al-Assad, whose family has held the presidency in Syria since 1971, as well as
the end of Ba'ath Party rule, which began in 1963. After months of military
clashes the protests evolved into an armed rebellion. The conflict is
asymmetrical, with clashes taking place in many towns and cities across the
country. The Syrian government is upheld by military support from Russia and
Iran, while Qatar and Saudi Arabia transfer weapons to the rebels. According to
the United Nations, the death toll surpassed 100,000 in June 2013, and reached
120,000 by September 2013. In addition, tens of thousands of protesters have
been imprisoned and there are reports of widespread torture and terror in state
prisons. International organizations have accused both government and
opposition forces of severe human rights violations. Also chemical weapons have
been used in Syria on more than one occasion. We demand to investigate those cases
and to stop violence.
3.
А
теперь слово предоставляется эксперту специальной группы ООН, направленной в
Сирию для расследования случаев применения химического оружия.
Выступление эксперта:
Dear representatives, team of
UN chemical weapons inspectors must confirm regretfully that the nerve agent
sarin was used in an attack near Damascus on the 21st of August. It has
been difficult to establish a precise death toll from the attack. The
opposition alliance had put it at more than 1,300. But French intelligence assessment said
that based on the technical analysis of 47 video, no fewer than 281 people had
died. While preliminary US government assessment determined
that 1,429 people had been killed, including 426 children.
Inspecting the scene of
accident we took a photo of an expended rocket motor. Arms experts said it was
a Soviet-era rocket, known as the M-14. Also we found samples that contain the
nerve agent, sarin, from rocket fragments inspected. This gas considered 20 times
more deadly than cyanide, it can cause death within minutes of exposure and
it’s difficult to detect as it is odorless, tasteless and colorless.
Furthermore, our medical
experts examined 36 survivors and they provided "definitive evidence"
of exposure to sarin. So we can conclude that the environmental, chemical and
medical samples we have collected provide clear and convincing evidence that
rockets containing the nerve agent sarin were used in Syrya. But our commission
can’t ascertain who exactly was behind the attack.
4.
Выступление представителя США:
Our intelligence, including
satellite detections, indicated that government forces of Syria had fired
rockets and artillery shells from a government-controlled territory towards the
suburbs where the chemical attacks occurred. On the afternoon of 21 August, we
have intelligence that Syrian chemical weapons personnel were directed to cease
operations. Our experts concluded that the attack could not have been ordered
and carried out by anyone but the Syrian government. They said the launch zone
for the rockets was held by the regime while the strike zone was held by the
rebels. Bashar al-Assad and certain members of his inner circle were the only
ones permitted to give the order for the use of chemical weapons. So it is
clear enough who are responsible for these terrible actions.
5.
Просмотр видео о химической атаке (корреспондент CNN)
– 5 мин.
6.
Коллективное обсуждение свидетельств.
7.
Выступление представителя сирийского правительства:
The Syrian government denies
being behind the 21 August attack and all accusations that made here by Western
powers are false and completely baseless. You must have gathered incontrovertible
proof before speak so. It was rebel groups supported by the US, Turkey and
Saudi Arabia that used chemical weapons to turn around the conflict in Syria
because they were losing. Of course it would have been illogical for the military
to use weapons of mass destruction in an area where its soldiers were present.
We insist that rebels had sought to provoke international military intervention
but they failed because some states did not make hasty conclusions and
preferred to act in accordance with international law.
8.
Выступление представителя России:
Nowadays no State – no matter
how big or powerful – can cope alone with the challenges of the scope faced by
mankind. It must be collective leadership of the leading members of the
international community with strict respect for international law. As for the
situation in Syria, political settlement is the only possibility today to put
an end to this turmoil. Russia is working energetically to archive mutual
understanding of opponents and to resolve the problem of Syrian chemical
weapon. The threat or use of force is the perhaps the most effective method to
address international problems, including domestic conflict. However, such use
of force in recent years has proved to be ineffective, meaningless and
destructive. So we propose plan to have Syrian chemical arsenal put under
international control and eliminated.
And however US agencies had
assessed "with high confidence" that the Syrian government was
responsible for sarin attacks we must remember that it was the Syrian
government that insisted on the UN inspection at the damaged area. Also there
are some evidences that cast doubt on charges against Syrian government.
9.
Просмотр видеозаписи (Russia today)
– 3 мин.
10.
Обсуждение видео и выступления России.
11.
Составление проекта
резолюции с помощью
опорных слов: threat
of international peace and security, use of chemical weapons, violation of
international law, to decide, to condemn, to develop, to eliminate, to control,
to cooperate, Syrian government, the opposition, international community.
12. Оглашение
проектов и голосование.
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