Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

среднего профессионального образования

Нижегородской области

 «Краснобаковский лесной колледж»

Лингвострановедческий журнал

по английскому языку

«Musical Almanac»

Составитель:

преподаватель

английского языка

Воронина М.В.

2014

Содержание

Введение

Музыкальный альманах представляет собой сборник материалов по английскому языку по теме «Музыка» и является результатом подготовки преподавателя к проведению недели иностранного языка. Он включает в себя тексты о композиторах и певцах стран изучаемых языков стилях музыки, музыкальных инструментах и тексты песен.

Целью создания альманаха является расширение кругозора и активизация познавательной деятельности учащихся. Данный сборник способствует развитию творческого потенциала и межкультурных компетенций студентов.

COMPOSERS

William Byrd (1543-1623)

William Byrd is perhaps the greatest English composer of all time. With hundreds of individual compositions, Byrd seemingly mastered every style of music that existed during his lifetime, outshining Orlando de Lassus and Giovanni Palestrina. Apart from his choral works, Byrd is considered by many to be the first "genius" of the keyboard. Many of his piano works can be found in "My Ladye Nevells Book" and the "Parthenia."

Thomas Tallis (1510-1585)

Thomas Tallis flourished as a church musician, and is considered one of the church's best early composers. Tallis served under four English Monarchs and was treated very well. Queen Elisabeth granted him and his pupil, William Boyd, exclusive rights to use England's printing press to publish music; a first of its time. Although Tallis composed many styles of music, the majority of it is arranged for choir as Latin motets and English anthems.

George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)

Though born in the same year as J.S. Bach in a town fifty miles away, George Frideric Handel eventually became a British citizen in 1727. Handel, like Bach, composed for every musical genre of his time, and even created the English oratorio. While living in England, Handel spent a majority of his time composing operas that were, unfortunately, far from successful. In response, he focused more on his oratorios, and in 1741, he composed the most famous of them all - "The Messiah."

Henry Purcell (1659 - 1695)

With a lifetime of only thirty-five years, Purcell achieved musical greatness. He became considered one of England’s greatest composers and the most original composer of his time. Purcell was extremely talented in word-setting and composed very successful works for stage.

Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)

Sheringham, Norfolk

Ralph Vaughan Williams, composer of some of the greatest symphonies of the 20th century, was born 140 years ago in Down Ampney, Gloucestershire, where his father was vicar. After Charterhouse and Cambridge, Vaughan Williams spent time in London, Paris and Berlin, and later lived in Dorking, Surrey. But in 1919, he and his wife Arline settled in Sheringham, Norfolk, so that she could look after her invalid brother. They moved into Martincross, on The Boulevard, a house previously lived in by the writer Patrick Hamilton. It was here that he wrote his 3rd symphony, the Pastoral.

Hear the 3rd symphony performed in Glasgow City Hall on 25 October, conducted by Andrew Manze

Gustav Holst (1874 - 1934)

Holst, another great British composer, is best known for his work "The Planets." This orchestral suite with seven movements, each representing a planet except for Earth, was composed between 1914 and 1916. Holst attended the Royal College of Music and was even classmates with Vaughan Williams. Holst loved music and was greatly influenced by other composers. In fact, he fell madly in love with Wagner's music after seeing a performance of Wagner's Ring Cycle at Covent Garden.

Benjamin Britten (1913-1976)

Aldeburgh, Suffolk

Though born in Lowestoft in 1913, Benjamin Britten had a lifelong association with Aldeburgh, where he lived until his death in 1976. He founded an annual music festival there in 1948, and in 1967 converted a Victorian warehouse at nearby Snape Maltings into a concert hall. His working day always involved a lunchtime walk along the sea front. In 2003, a 12ft scallop shell sculpture by Maggi Hambling was erected on the beach, commemorating his work.

The 65th Aldeburgh Festival started on Friday and continues until 24 June. This year, for the first time, the whole set of Britten's film scores will be performed, on 14 June, with Sam West narrating

Charles Wood

Armagh

Charles Wood was one of the great 19th-century composers of Anglican choral music. His anthems are frequently performed, though he also wrote eight string quartets and an opera based on Dickens's Pickwick Papers. Though he studied at Cambridge and in London, he hailed from Armagh in Northern Ireland, where his father was a tenor in the choir of St Patrick's Cathedral.

The Charles Wood Summer School for singers, organists and choir directors runs across Armagh from 19-26 August

Arthur Sullivan

Belfast

Arthur Sullivan was born in 1842, the son of a military bandmaster. He composed his first anthem aged eight and went on to write 23 operas, 13 major choral works and two ballets. However, he is best known for the 14 comic operas he wrote with WS Gilbert. In 1863, when he was 21, he spent a summer at Richmond Lodge, Holywood Road, Belfast, with his friend Robert Dunville. The whole of the first movement of his Irish Symphony in E Flat apparently came into his head one day when they were driving through the wind and rain in an open car.

This summer Opera North is taking Gilbert and Sullivan's Ruddigore to Belfast, Edinburgh and Dublin

Frederick Delius

Bradford, West Yorks

It is 150 years this year since Frederick Delius was born, the fourth of 14 children, at 6 Claremont, Horton Lane, Bradford. He was Fritz then, and later anglicised his name. Delius attended Bradford Grammar School, and trained in Isleworth, near London, before going abroad to live in Virginia, Florida, Paris and the south of France. Because of his blindness, caused by syphilis, Delius later employed an amanuensis, Eric Fenby, as chronicled in Ken Russell's 1968 film A Song of Summer.

Delius's work is being performed at dozens of concerts throughout the year

William Walton

Northamptonshire

William Walton was a perfectionist, and his total output was not vast. But he was awarded the Order of Merit, and almost all his works have been recorded. Born in Lancashire in 1902, the son of a musician, he was a chorister and went to Oxford University. For a time he lived on the Italian island of Ischia, and he later spent a period in Northamptonshire, where he was friends with the literary Sitwell siblings. During the Second World War, he was exempted from military service to compose music for propaganda films, and lived at the manor house at Ashby St Ledgers, where he wrote six scores, including one for Laurence Olivier's adaptation of Henry V.

Catch his Crown Imperial at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, this Friday, 15 June, at 7.30pm

Edward Elgar

Malvern, Worcs

Malvern is Elgar country: the writer of some of the most quintessentially English music found inspiration in the nine-mile range of hills, and met his wife Alice here while teaching piano. He composed the Enigma Variations at Forli, 37 Alexandra Road, originally to amuse his wife after dinner. Later they lived at Craeg Lea, 86 Wells Road, where his music room looked over the Severn Valley.

You can visit Elgar's grave at St Wulstan's Church, Little Malvern, and hear his Pomp and Circumstance march played at the Last Night of the Proms on Saturday 8 September

Herbert Howells

Lydney, Gloucestershire

Howells showed a precocious talent: his mother once caught him at the piano playing a march in his night clothes when he should have been in bed. Born 120 years ago, in 1892, he was raised on the High Street in Lydney, Gloucestershire, and returned frequently throughout his life, after suffering a nervous breakdown in his twenties. Closely associated with Gloucester Cathedral, his work is engrained in the Anglican choral tradition.

Hear his Hymnus Paradisi, written on the death of his nine-year-old son from polio, at Prom 61 on 29 August

Peter Warlock

Eynsford, Kent

Peter Warlock was the pseudonym of Philip Heseltine, chosen to reflect his interest in the occult. A fan of flagellation, he inspired characters in the novels of DH Lawrence. From 1925-28 he lived at The Cottage in Eynsford, Kent, with fellow composer EJ Moeran and several cats. They gave parties, played the piano naked and rode round the village on a motorbike. The art critic Brian Sewell recently revealed Warlock was his father. He gassed himself in 1930, having put the cat out first.

Hear his music at the Three Choirs Festival in Hereford, from 21-28 July

Irving Berlin (1888-1989)

Nationality: American

Known For: Argued by many to be the greatest songwriter in American history
Irving Berlin composed “Alexander’s Ragtime Band” in 1911. It became a huge international success that started a dance craze around the world. He also made the popular songs “White Christmas” and “Happy Holiday.” Composer George Gershwin said that he was “the greatest songwriter that has ever lived.”

SINGERS

Madonna

Madonna Louise Ciccone was born on August 16, 1958, in Bay City, Michigan. Madonna is one of the most successful artists in the history of popular music. No other female singer in music has been as successful over such a long time. At the age of five, Madonna lost her mother. Her father was extremely strict and always had her doing something productive. She was also the oldest daughter of eight, which gave her many responsibilities.

When Madonna was twelve, she entered a local Catholic high school. After Madonna left school, she attended the University of Michigan on a dance scholarship, where the ballet school owner, Chris Flynn, taught her.

After studying at the University of Michigan, Madonna decided to move to New York. She arrived in New York with thirty- five dollars, dance shoes and a bag full of tights. She spent two years working hard at the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater.

Madonna realized that she needed more than just dancing to have a career in this world. Madonna started her own band, with her as the lead singer. Her first single "Everybody” was number three on the dance charts. Madonna’s first album entitled ‘Madonna’ was released in 1983 and won her millions of fans and invitations to be in movies. Her career had begun.

Madonna not only had a career in singing she started her own clothing line called "Wazoo”. Madonna’s music took a new and controversial turn. Her new album "Like a Virgin” established Madonna as a popular artist.

In the early 1990s, Madonna’s career reached a new level. She had the hit songs: "Vogue,” "Hanky Panky,” "Justify My Love” "Rescue Me,” and "This Used to be My Playground” Her greatest hits album was entitled «The Immaculate Collection».

In March 1998, Madonna released another album”Ray of Light”. Madonna had also changed her look. She went from a bleach blonde girl to wearing black clothes and black hair. In December 2000 she married Guy Ritchie, a British film director.

In 2002, Madonna starred in her husband’s film, "Swept Away” which did not do well at all. Today, Madonna continues to lead the pop charts. She leads in the music industry, she writes her own music and books. She is a great author, actress and musician.

Elvis Presley

Elvis Presley, who died at the age of 42 on August 16, 1977, will be remembered as one of the earliest and the greatest rock and roll singers. His recordings of «Blue Suede Shoes», «Hound Dog» and «Heartbreak Hotel» will always be classics. To his own generation and to others born after his career began, Elvis remained «the King».

A new art form, a youth revolution was not among the ideas of Presley and his promoters. He was launched in the middle fifties as a money-making singer with a life, possibly, of six months. But he was to create a style which fascinated millions of young people for twenty years.

Elvis Aaron Presley was born in January, 1935, in the small town of Tupelo, Fast Mississippi. His parents were poor factory workers. Elvis was one of twin boys, his brother Aaron died at birth. Throughout his childhood, Elvis was beloved of all who knew him, especially his mother Gladys. Elvis, in return, was very fond of his mother, and was deeply affected by her death in 1958.

The Presley family moved to Memphis when Elvis was 10. Elvis had received a musical education no greater than any boy in the Southern States of the USA, picking up simple guitar-playing, singing in church or at country fairs. When he left school, he was to work as a truck driver.

Elvis’s first success was a recording made for Sam Phillips at Sun Records in Memphis: «That's All Right, Mama». Phillips saw the possibilities in а white boy who could sing black music. It was he who encouraged Presley to develop a style unlike anything ever heard.

Presley might none the less have become unknown to the great public but for the work of «Colonel» — Tom Parker who steered his career as manager — flooding the market with songbooks, lipsticks, sweaters and picture albums of his Elvis.

The «Colonel» restricted Elvis's TV shows to one every two years — he saw the dangers of being seen too often by the masses. This and, of course, his powerful singing made Elvis's success. «Heartbreak Hotel» alone stayed for eight weeks at number one in the American hit-parade. Elvis Presley had lived not long but bright life and remained the "King of Rock&Roll music”.

Scooter

Scooter are a German techno hard dance group founded in Hamburg, who have sold over 30 million records and earned over 80 gold and platinum awards. Scooter are considered the most successful German single-record act with 23 top ten hits. The group is currently composed of members H.P. Baxxter, Rick J. Jordan and Michael Simon. Although most of the group's early recordings are in the styles of happy hardcore or hard trance, Scooter have experimented with other dance genres such as hardstyle and jumpstyle, and occasionally hip hop, hard rock, house and dubstep.

Scooter's trademark sound features fast tempos and happy melodies, accompanied by frontman H.P. Baxxter rapping lyrics, sampling, and occasionally choruses involving artificially pitched voices. Among their more well-known hits are "Hyper Hyper", "Move Your Ass!", "How Much Is The Fish?", "Ramp! (The Logical Song)", "Nessaja", "Weekend", "Maria (I Like It Loud)" and "The Question Is What Is the Question?".

The Beatles

The English rock music band The Beatles gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and had a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by few performers. The guitarists John Winston Lennon, Oct. 9, 1940; James Paul McCartney, June 18, 1942; and George Harrison, Feb. 25, 1943; and the drummer Ringo Starr, Richard Starkey, July 7, 1940, were all born and raised in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called The Quarrymen. With Harrison, they formed their own group, The Silver Beatles, in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962. As The Beatles, they developed a local following in Liverpool clubs, and their first recordings, "Love Me Do" (1962) and "Please Please Me" (1963), quickly made them Britain's top rock group. Their early music was influenced by the American rock singers Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, but they infused a hackneyed musical form with freshness, vitality, and wit. The release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in 1964 marked the beginning of the phenomenon known as "Beatlemania" in the United States. The Beatles' first U.S. tour aroused a universal mob adulation. Their concerts were scenes of mass worship, and their records sold in the millions.

Their first film, the innovative A Hard Day's Night (1964), was received enthusiastically by a wide audience that included many who had never before listened to rock music. Composing their own material (Lennon and McCartney were the major creative forces), The Beatles established the precedent for other rock groups to play their own music. Experimenting with new musical forms, they produced an extraordinary variety of songs: the childishly simple "Yellow Submarine"; the bitter social commentary of "Eleanor Rigby"; parodies of earlier pop styles; new electronic sounds; and compositions that were scored for cellos, violins, trumpets, and sitars, as well as for conventional guitars and drums. Some enthusiasts cite the albums Rubber Soul (1965) and Revolver (1966) as the apex of Beatle art, although Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), perhaps the first rock album designed thematically as a single musical entity, is more generally considered their triumph. The group disbanded in 1970, after the release of their final album, Let It Be, to pursue individual careers. On Dec. 8, 1980, John Lennon was fatally shot in New York City. In 1991, Paul McCartney's classical composition Liverpool Oratorio was performed to some acclaim in Britain and the United States.

Craig David

From the shy, overweight child from Southampton to Brit awards controversy, gay rumours, cracking America and Bo Selecta's large-chinned imitation. Can I get a rewind?

A multi-platinum star just out of his teens, Craig David plunged into the music business after his mother pushed him into a national song-writing contest, which he won in 1996.

MC-ing on his local pirate radio station at 14, as well as at the clubs around his hometown of Southampton, David met Mark Hill, the Artful Dodger producer, and together they released 'Re-Rewind'. This smash club anthem led to a signing with Wildstar/Atlantic and the release of David’s 2000 debut album 'Born To Do It'. A fluid mix of R&B, pop, hip-hop and garage, it sold over seven million copies.

The follow up, 'Fill Me In', went straight to number one. David became the youngest British male artist to get a number one hit in the UK.

Craig's influences include Terence Trent D'arby, Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder, but he is most certainly an R&B man, with an ear for the popular mood of the youth.

In 2002, David released 'Slicker Than Your Average', an album that explores his inventive and unique sound. It includes a collaboration with Sting on 'Rise and Fall', a song built around the melody of Sting’s 1993 hit, 'Shape of My Heart.

Craig has also attracted much interest in the US, and continues to divide his time between America and the UK.

Adele

Adele is one of the UK’s best-selling singer songwriters of the present day.

Her full name is Adele Laurie Blue Adkins and she was born to single mother Penny Adkins on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, North London. She is estranged from her Welsh father Mark Evans. She started singing at the age of four years and has stated the Spice Girls heavily influenced her decision to start.

Talking about her unmusical family, Adele has said: "It all comes from impersonating The Spice Girls and Gabrielle." She used to give little concerts in her room for her mother and her friends. As her mother was quite arty, she helped a young Adele impersonate Gabrielle by making an eye patch for her to wear. At the age of 11, the family moved to Brighton but returned to Brixton where Adele remembers watching Pink in concert.

It was only when a record producer friend of her father asked a teenage Adele to sing a cover of Heart of Glass after hearing her "wicked" voice did she realise her calling as a musician. She went to secondary school in West Norwood and it was here that she came across R 'n' B singers, such as Mary J Blige, that have influenced her songs. Speaking of her time at school, she explained that she wanted to perform but found it hard as she was told she would need to learn the clarinet to be a part of the choir.

As a result, she upped sticks and moved to the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in Croydon. She has said about her time at the school: "If I hear someone's from stage school I'd think they were a dickhead), and I know it might make me sound like that. But it had free rehearsal rooms and free equipment and I was listening to music all day, every day for years. The music course was really wicked. There was no dancing or anything like that. No jazz hands."

In May 2006, she graduated and joined other famous alumni such as Amy Winehouse, Kate Nash and the Feeling. This was when she was first noticed by record labels.

Britney Spears

Britney Jean Spears was born in McComb (Mississippi) and raised in rural Louisiana (Kentwood) to Jamie Spears and Lynne Spears. As a child, Britney attended dance classes, and she was great at gymnastics, winning many competitions and the like. But, most of all, Britney loved to sing. At age 8, Britney tried out for MMC (1989), but was turned down due to her young age. This directed her to an off-Broadway show, "Ruthless", for a 2-year run as the title character. At age 11, she again tried for MMC (1989) and, this time, made it as a mouseketeer alongside many stars of today (Justin Timberlake and J.C. Chasez of *NSYNC and Ryan Gosling). Her big break, however, came when she was signed as a Jive Recording Artist in the late 90s. With the release of her debut album, "...Baby One More Time" in early 1999, Britney became an international success, selling 13 million copies of "Baby" and 9 million (as of July 2001) of her sophomore album, "Oops!...I Did It Again", released in May of 2000.

Britney was a changed woman, no longer concerned with what the public thought of her or her appearance, she parted ways with her manager who she had had since she was 13, and was increasingly stepping out looking more "trailer trash" than multi-millionaire. In February 2005, Britney won her first Grammy for the single "Toxic" as Best Dance Recording. Just two months later, it was announced Britney was pregnant with her first child. A reality TV Series Britney & Kevin: Chaotic (2005), which featured the pair getting to know each other the previous year, leading up to their wedding aired on UPN and eventually got a world-wide audience, despite harsh criticism. In September 2005, Britney evolved yet again, this time as a devoted wife and mother, with the birth of her first child, a son, who she named Sean Preston. In November of that year, she released a remix album "B in the mix, the Remixes".

Styles of Music

Rock’n’Roll

Rock, or rock'n'roll is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals, electric guitars, a bass guitar and a strong back beat. The genre of rock is broad, sometimes even soul is included into. It is a genre of music that emerged in the USA in the 1950s. It has been the most popular music genre until the 1990s.

Hip Hop

Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music is made of two main components: rapping and DJing (audio mixing and scratching) and is an element of hip hop, a cultural movement that was initiated by city youth. Typically, hip hop music consists of one or more rappers who tell semi-autobiographic tales in a rhythmic lyrical form using alliteration and rhyme. The rapper is accompanied by an instrumental track, a beat, performed by a DJ and created by a producer and one or more instrumentalists. In addition to the beat other sounds are often synthesised or performed.

Jazz

Jazz is an original American musical art form which emerged in the 1920s in New Orleans, and is a combination of Western music and African American techniques. It is characterized by syncopation, swing and improvisation. Typical instruments are a saxophone, a trumpet, a trombone, a piano, guitars, drums, and vocals.

Blues

Blues is a form of music which appeared in the United States in the communities of former African slaves from spirituals and other types of African music. It is characterised by call-and-response patterns in music and lyrics.

Reggae

 Reggae is based upon a rhythm style which is characterised by regular chops on the back beat, known as bang, played by a rhythm guitarist and a bass drum hitting on the third beat of each measure.

Punk Rock

Punk rock has fast tempos, its songs are normally about two and a half minutes in length, but sometimes are only twenty seven seconds. Instrumentation includes drums, one or two electric guitars, an electric bass, and vocals. Punk vocals are usually nasal or throaty.

Dubstep

Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London, England. It emerged in the late 1990s as a development within a lineage of related styles such as 2-step garage, broken beat, drum and bass, jungle, dub and reggae. In the UK the origins of the genre can be traced back to the growth of the Jamaican sound system party scene in the early 1980s. The music generally features syncopated drum and percussion patterns with bass lines that contain prominent sub bass frequencies.

Music in our life

Can you think of a day without music? We can hear music everywhere: in the streets and at home, over the radio and on TV, in the shops and in the parks. People all over the world are fond of music. They listen to music, they dance to music, they learn to play musical instruments.

But what is music? Specialists explain that music isn't only a combination of pleasant sounds. It is an art which reflects life. There are a lot of different kinds of music. Some of them appeared long ago, and some are modern. For example, folk music appeared long ago, but it is still alive. There are many local performers, choirs and folk groups in Russia; but perhaps the most famous singer is Nadezhda Babkina. Folk songs are very tuneful and pleasant to listen to. Classical music is often associated with the music of the past. However, this style also includes music being written now, and we may speak of modern classical music. Rap is a modern musical style where the singer speaks or shouts the words in time to music with a steady beat. Such groups as Public Enemy or House of Pain are leaders in this style.

Great Britain has produced more popular music stars than any other country. Over the last 30 years rock and pop music have been very popular in Britain. The Beatles, with their style of singing, eloquent and exciting, is still one of the most popular groups. British groups often set new trends in music. New styles, groups and singers continue to appear. Some of the more recent pop groups are Dire Straits, Eurhythmics and Spice Girls. Many of the new bands have been able to use the changes in technology to develop their music. Computerized drum machines, synthesizers and other electronic instruments are now just as popular as the piano and electric guitars.

Tastes differ. So people's musical interests range from pop and rock music, which are extremely popular nowadays, especially among young people, to classical music and opera.

My favourite style of music is pop music, because it is breathtaking and full of energy. When I listen to pop music it makes me remember happy times and forget the problems of everyday life. It helps me to relax when I'm tired, and entertains me when I'd like to have fun. My favourite group is Abba. It was formed in 1973 in Sweden. Abba's cheerful tunes made them international pop stars and one of the most successful groups of the seventies. Their most famous songs ("Waterloo", "Money, Money, Money", "Knowing Me, Knowing You", etc.) often topped European charts. Though the group doesn't exist any more, it is still popular with people of all ages. I can't but admire their style of singing. I find it fascinating and overwhelming. When I have free time I listen to their records. I also like having background music while I am working.

I don't mind listening to dance music, especially when I go to disco clubs. This style of music is catchy and I like catchy tunes. It makes me more energetic.

It's a pity that many young people like to listen only to modern music. As for me, I also enjoy listening to classical music. I find it tuneful and appealing. Classical music is always a complex of emotions. It gives me delight, pleasure and a sense of happiness. Some pieces of classical music are really wonderful. Not long ago I listened to the First Piano Concerto, composed by Tchaikovsky. The power of his music captivated me. The impression was overwhelming.

The music I hate is heavy metal. I find it noisy and dreadful. When I listen to this style of music it presents to my mind pictures of dark days. Though some young people are fond of this style of music, it is not to everyone's taste. To my mind, music too loud can destroy our ears. I am indifferent to other styles of music. For example, I don't mind listening to jazz. Improvisation is an important part of this style, that's why a jazz song may sound a little different each time it is played. I think that jazz is a mixture of many different kinds of music, but I consider it a bit complicated.

My mother and father approve of my tastes in music. Though they prefer to listen to classical and "bard music", they think that, on the whole, modern music is not too bad. My parents agree that each generation has its own tastes.

It goes without saying that music plays a very important role in people's lives. It reflects our moods and emotions. Music appeals to our hearts and transforms our feelings. It conquers our souls and enriches our minds. Besides, listening to music is the perfect way to spend free time and not to feel bored. You can hardly find a person who doesn't like or need music and who never sings or dances. Music is beauty in sounds; it is our magic source of inspiration.

Music - it art, reflecting validity in sound art images, one of the forms of public ideology. Having by powerful force direct emotional effect, music during of all history of man-kind plays a huge social, cultural and educational role.

Leading composers are connected to progressive public movements, life, interests and aspirations people. Each nations differs by peculiar national features. Folk music, being improved by creative efforts of many generations of the people, reaches a high degree of art maturity. On the basis of riches of national music professional musical creativity of composers is developed. Rejection of music from advanced ideas epoch of national culture, national roots of art leads to it’s to decline and degeneration.

Idea emotional contents of music is passed through sound art images, implemented in musical sounds. The basis of music is the tune. According to the way of performance music is devided into 2 main branches: instrumental and vocal.

There are a great number of different styles of music, such as Jazz, Pop, Rock, Classic; and new musical directions. Such as:  Rave, Hard Core, Jungle, Break Beat and many other.  One of the new music directions is Rave. I prefer to listen hard-core and more quiet music such as Roxette and others.  As for me I like these styles because they are very rhythmic and dancing. The beginning of techno music was put very known singer Freddie Mercury was the first to compose music in the style techno. In those years very few people evaluated new style of music. But with the years a new style has grown up to such global sizes. Now this music is listened to by large part of youth. I think it's very good that such musical direction as rave has appeared. Because in rave there are a lot of musical directions. Young people that are fond of music can easily choose just that style which appeals to them.

Music is one of the oldest and most important arts. No one knows when people first used music. But archaeologist say that people used music to prepare troops for some action: stop, attack, retreat or some else or on celebration of some party. First in that way music was used in Babylon. Archaeologist found first music instruments. It looks like shoehorn. That way they proofed their theory. Than from Babylon music spread to other civilisations.

First and the most popular musical genres were antique and classic. First music compositions appeared in Ancient Greece. Greece writers composed there stories with help of music and musical instruments. The most popular writer of those times was Gomer and his poems "Odisey" and "Illeada". In the Middle Ages music was greatly influenced by the church. And only in the 18^th century Ludwig van Beethoven change it. He made music more independent from religion and social necessity.

With passing through the time there appeared many new genres. Today music is no longer controlled by social and religious organisations. Now people compose music using classic instruments or electric. Nowadays it is almost impossible to escape from music, even if we want to. It thunders out of every high street shop? Hisses horribly through other people’s stereos on public transport, lulls you in hotel lobbies and restaurants and blasts out of van windows. Music can have a particular effect on us; it can help us feel relaxed and peaceful, may encourage curiosity and alertness. It also can whip up hate and violence.

As for me I like to listen to different music: beginning with classic and finishing with hard rock. But there are some genres that I hate. It is jazz in its modern version or any folk music. Sometimes I don't like some pop music, because about 99% of pop songs are about love (and about 50% of these songs are bored). So I like to choose and to listen to some real costing as rock.

         People can not live without music. They can listen to the music everywhere even in the forest, when they walk and hear birds singing.

         Music can be classical and modern. Classical music is performed by symphonic orchestras in the great halls. There are lot of famous composers whose music is played nowadays. Classical music is serious and requires good understanding or it may seem to be boring and dull.

         Most of the people prefer modern music. Modern music is performed by TV and radio. Modern music has different kinds: pop, rock, disco, rap, techno and others. Young people like techno and disco. Older people are fond of jazz, rock and pop. There  are lot of singers or music bands who performs this or that kind of music. Everybody knows  the founders of rock music. They are the “Beatles” and Elvis Priestly. Now there are a lot of discs and records of different performers.

         The last achievement in music production is clip. Musical clips are short films accompanied by melody. It may be a short story about what the song is or simply a great number of different shows. People like to watch clips because it’s not only listening to music but also watching interesting things. I’m fond of music and like to listen to it for it helps me to have good relaxation.

Songs

Adele

Roling in the deep

There's a fire starting in my heart
Reaching a fever pitch and it's bring me out the dark
Finally I can see you crystal clear
Go ahead and sell me out and I'll lay your ship bare

See how I'll leave, with every piece of you
Don't underestimate the things that I will do
There's a fire starting in my heart
Reaching a fever pitch and it's bring me out the dark

The scars of your love remind me of us
They keep me thinking that we almost had it all
The scars of your love, they leave me breathless
I can't help feeling

We could have had it all
Rolling in the deep
You had my heart inside your hand
And you played it to the beat

Baby, I have no story to be told
But I've heard one of you and I'm gonna make your head burn
Think of me in the depths of your despair
Making a home down there as mine sure won't be shared

The scars of your love remind you of us
They keep me thinking that we almost had it all
The scars of your love, they leave me breathless
I can't help feeling

We could have had it all
Rolling in the deep
You had my heart inside your hand
And you played it to the beat

Tanita Tikaram

Twist In My Sobriety

All God's children need travelling shoes
Drive your problems from here
All good people read good books
Now your conscience is clear
I hear you talk girl
Now your conscience is clear

In the morning I wipe my brow
Wipe the miles away
I like to think I can be so willed
And never do what you say
I'll never hear you   And never do what you say

Look my eyes are just holograms
Look your love has drawn red from my hands
From my hands you know you'll never be
More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety

We just poked a little empty pie
For the fun that people had at night
Late at night don't need hostility
The timid smile and pause to free

I don't care about their different thoughts
Different thoughts are good for me
Up in arms and chaste and whole
All God's children took their toll

Look my eyes are just holograms
Look your love has drawn red from my hands
From my hands you know you'll never be
More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety

Cup of tea, take time to think, yea
Time to risk a life, a life, a life
Sweet and handsome
Soft and porky
You pig out 'til you've seen the light
Pig out 'til you've seen the light

Half the people read the papers
Read them good and well
Pretty people, nervous people
People have got to sell
News you have to sell

Look my eyes are just holograms
Look your love has drawn red from my hands
From my hands you know you'll never be
More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety More than twist in my sobriety

The Beatles

Yesterday

Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away
Now it looks as though they're here to stay
Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Suddenly, I'm not half to man I used to be,
There's a shadow hanging over me.
Oh, yesterday came suddenly.

Why she had to go I don't know she woldn't say.
I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday.

Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play.
Now I need a place to hide away.
Oh, I believe in yesterday.

Selena Gomez & The Scene

Love You Like A Love Song

It's been said and done, every beautiful thoughts been
already sung and I guess right now, here's another one
So your melody will play on and on with the best of 'em
You are beautiful like a dream come alive, incredible
A sinful miracle, lyrical. You saved my life again and I want you to know

I, I love you like a love song, baby
And I keep hittin' repeat-peat-peat-peat-peat-peat
I, I love you like a love song, baby
And I keep hittin' repeat-peat-peat-peat-peat-peat

Constantly, boy, you played through my mind like a symphony.
There's no way to describe what you do to me.
You just do to me, what you do and it feels like

I've been rescued, I've been set free
I am hypnotized by your destiny
You are magical, lyrical, beautiful. And you are
And I want you to know, baby

I, I love you like a love song, baby
And I keep hittin' repeat-peat-peat-peat-peat-peat
I, I love you like a love song, baby
And I keep hittin' repeat-peat-peat-peat-peat-peat

No one can pause, you stand alone to every record I own.
Music to my heart, that's what you are.
A song that goes on and on

I, I love you like a love song, baby
And I keep hittin' repeat-peat-peat-peat-peat-peat
I, I love you like a love song, baby
I love you like a love song.

Lara Fabian

I Guess I Love You

Now,
Tomorrow is all there is
No need to look behind the door
You won't be standing there no more
I had my chance
To dance another dance
I didn't even realize
That this was all Love
And no lies??
Then lost you

While
I guess I loved you
Oh, less, less than I should
Now all there is is me and me
I turn around and all I see
The past where I have left our destiny

Now,
Tomorrow's a mystery
I cannot live, oh live out a dream
Vanishing from reality
I wanna now
Would you come back to me?
Now that I finally realize
You are my whole
You are my life
I need you

I guess I loved you
Oh, Les, less than I should
Now all there is is me and me
I turn around and all I see
The past where I have left our destiny
Oh, oh, oh, I, I guess I loved you
Oh, less, oh less, less, less than I could
Another time
Another run
To mend both of our broken hearts
To tell you how much I can love you now
I, I guess, I guess I loved you

I guess I loved you

Musical instruments

Bagpipes are a class of musical instrument, aerophones, using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. Though the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe and Irish uilleann pipes have the greatest international visibility, bagpipes have been played for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, the Caucasus, around the Persian Gulf and in Northern Africa. The term bagpipe is equally correct in the singular or plural, although in the English language, pipers most commonly talk of "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

The harp is historically the national instrument of the Celts, and is a common symbol among them. The Irish, for example, fly a harp on their flag, put a harp on their money, and name their beer after it. The Scots played the harp long before they abandoned it for the bagpipes. The Welsh play mostly pedal harp today; however, their historical harp is the triple-strung harp.

The bodhrán is an Irish frame drum ranging from 25 to 65 cm (10" to 26") in diameter, with most drums measuring 35 to 45 cm (14" to 18"). The sides of the drum are 9 to 20 cm (3½" to 8") deep. A goatskin head is tacked to one side (synthetic heads or other animal skins are sometimes used). The other side is open-ended for one hand to be placed against the inside of the drum head to control the pitch and timbre.

One or two crossbars, sometimes removable, may be inside the frame, but this is increasingly rare on modern instruments. Some professional modern bodhráns integrate mechanical tuning systems similar to those used on drums found in drum kits. It is usually with a hex key that the bodhrán skins are tightened or loosened depending on the atmospheric conditions.

The Jew's harp, aka jaw harp, aka mouth harp, aka Ozark harp, aka trump, aka juice harp, is a lamellophone instrument, which is in the category of plucked idiophones: it consists of a flexible metal or bamboo tongue or reed attached to a frame. The tongue/reed is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note.

The uilleann pipes are the characteristic national bagpipe of Ireland. Earlier known in English as "union pipes", their current name is a partial translation of the Irish-language term píobaí uilleann (literally, "pipes of the elbow"), from their method of inflation.There is no historical record of the name or use of the term 'uilleann pipes' before the twentieth century. It was an invention of Grattan Flood and the name stuck. People mistook the term 'union' to refer to the 1800 Act of Union; this is incorrect as Breandán Breathnach points out that a poem published in 1796 uses the term 'union'

The tin whistle, also called the penny whistle,  English flageolet, Scottish penny whistle, tin flageolet, Irish whistle, feadóg stáin (or simply feadóg) and Clarke London Flageolet is a simple, six-holed woodwind instrument. It is a fipple flute, putting it in the same category as the recorder, Native American flute, and other woodwind instruments that meet such criteria. A tin whistle player is called a tin whistler or simply a whistler. The tin whistle is closely associated with Celtic music.