Использование коммуникативной
технологии на уроках
английского языка.
Левицкая М.Н.
В последние годы я работаю над
учебно-методической проблемой «Развитие навыков устной речи учащихся
через современные подходы к обучению».
Работая над данной проблемой, стараюсь в своей работе
использовать современные различные
технологии обучения иностранным языкам: личностно-ориентированные
технологии, игровые технологии, нестандартные формы
проведения уроков.
Но, пожалуй, основным методом
обучения, которому я отдаю предпочтение и использую в своей работе,
является повсеместно признанный в мире «коммуникативный метод», разрушающий
психологический барьер между
учителем и учеником. Когда дети перестают чувствовать «дистанцию» между собой и преподавателем, когда им интересно,
весело и приятно с ним общаться, им проще начать разговаривать на
иностранном языке.
Известно, что традиционная для нас методика
преподавания направлена на развитие навыков чтения и перевода, но
никак не на развитие навыков устной речи.
А суть коммуникативного метода заключается
в том, что он направлен на одновременное развитие основных языковых
навыков (устной и письменной речи, грамматики, чтения и восприятия на
слух или аудирования) в процессе живого, непринужденного общения.
Ведь главная задача преподавателя - научить
ученика общаться на иностранном языке.
Когда лексика, грамматические структуры преподносятся учащимся в
контексте реальной, эмоционально окрашенной ситуации, то это способствует более
быстрому и прочному запоминанию изучаемого материала.
Также на своих уроках применяю игровые
элементы, которые поддерживают положительный, эмоциональный настрой
учащихся, усиливают их мотивацию.
В предлагаемом модуле по теме «США», использовала разнообразные
формы работы: фонетические разминки, стихи и песни на английском языке, задания
для развития диалогической и монологической речи, конкурсы.
Работа «в парах»,
«в тройках», «в группах», игры и конкурсы, инсценирование
диалогов, участие в дискуссиях на интересующие учащихся темы-все это позволяет
мне учесть индивидуальные особенности учащихся, сделать мои занятия творческими и
увлекательными; а также это дает мне возможность
незаметно для учащихся осуществлять полный контроль над процессом
обучения.
Level: the 8th form
Theme: A
Trip to the USA
Objectives: 1. to teach the
pupils to read the dialogue «A Trip to the USA»
2. to
teach the pupils to speak about the USA on the utterance level;
3. to widen the pupils' interest in learning
English and
their knowledge about the USA;
4. to teach the pupils to treat traditions, culture, national
symbols of their Country with respect (like Americans, who like their country's culture, traditions etc.)
Language material; Ex. 1 p.214; Ex. 2 p.216;
Ex. 3 p.216; Ex. 6 p.218;
the song " Which
Land is the Best?"
Accessories: the map of the USA,
colored pictures with the sights of different cities of the USA; the
portrait of the President of the USA.
Technical
aids: tape- recorder, cassettes.
The succession of the lesson.
1. Org. moment:
a) greeting;
b) a
talk with the pupil on duty;
a)
the
introductory talk of the teacher about the aims of the lesson
Teacher: So, children, at our today's lesson we shall speak about
the USA. For today you were to get ready with the competition which we are
going to have at our lesson. But first we shall begin our lesson with the phonetic
drill in order to get ready for speaking at our lesson in a proper way.
II. Phonetic
drill.
Teacher: Children, let's
sing the song "Which Land is the Best?"
(the pupils listen to the
song on the cassette, and then sing it to the music)
Wliich Land is the Best?
In
my country we are happy,
In my country we are
happier,
In my country we are the happiest of all.
In
my country we are friendly,
In
my country we are friendlier,
In my country we are the friendliest of all.
. My Country, your Country,
Travel
East or West
If
North is good and South is better
Which land is the best?(etc.)
III. Work
at reading of the dialogue:
"A Trip to the USA" (Ex.6 p.218)
Teacher: Listen to the dialogue “A Trip to the USA” (on the cassette).
Try to read it in a proper way later on and to say what
other places in
the USA the children could visit except of the places that they are
going to see.
Pay attention to
the pronunciation of the following proper names;
(the pupils listen
to the cassette).
Kennedy
Airport
Hollywood
Disneyland
California
Philadelphia
Texas
Manhattan
The
Bronx Zoo
The Metropolitan (Museum)
the Niagara Falls
IV. Competition:
Teacher: Children, you have
already learned much about the United States of America and its people. So, let's see how much you know about the USA.
At home you were to do Ex. 1,
2 p.214 in order to get ready for our competition.
(the
pupils are divided into three groups and for their right answers they get
the prizes (pens);( the teacher writes the
scores on the blackboard)
Task 1: Make the
right choice.
1. Christopher
Columbus discovered America in...
a)
1402 c) 1492
b)
1482 d)1392
2. Christopher Columbus discovered...
a)
Central America; b) South America;
c) North
America; d) the United States of America;
3. The
first English settlements appeared in…
a)
North
America in the 17th century
b)
South
America in the 17th century
c)
Central
America in the 16th century
d)
America
in the 18th century
4. The "Mayflower" is...
a)
the
name of a season
b)
the
name of a flower
c)
the
name of the first settlement in America
d)
the
name of the ship that sailed from
Plymouth
for the New World on 1620
5. The
first colonies started the tradition of...
a)
Halloween c) Thanksgiving Day
b)
Independent
Day d) Memorial Day
6. The
first president of the USA was...
a)
George
Washington c) Jeffrey Jefferson
b)
Abraham
Lincoln d) Bill Clinton
7. The
capital of the USA is...
a)
Washington,
D.C. c) New York
b)
Washington d) Philadelphia
8. There
were... colonies in America in 1733
a)
13 c)21
b)
7 d) 10
9. Jeans
are clothes worn by...
a)
cowboys
in the Wild West
b)
actors
in America
c)
Levi
Strauss people
d)
people
all over the world
10. American flag is
often called...
a)
Union
Jack c) the Red Dragon
b) stars and
stripes d) the White Eagle
11 .There
are.. .stripes on the American flag.
a)
7 c)50
b)
6 d) 13
12.The official
national symbol of the USA is...
a)
the
Statue of Liberty
b)
the
eagle
c)
the
turkey
d)
the
"Mayflower"
Task
2: Answer the following questions about the USA. Remember, that everybody who
gives the right answer to the question will get a prize (a pen).
1. What do you remember
about the discoverer of America? (Where was he
born? Where did he live? What country was he looking for in 1492
when he discovered the new continent?)
2.
What
do you know about the first English settlements in America and the first
English
colonists? (When and where and why did England become interested in
America?
When was the "Mayflower" sent to America? What did they call the part
of
America where they set up their first colony? What kind of life did they lead?)
3.
There
were 13 colonies in America in 1773, weren't there?
4.
Why
did people in America fight for their independence from England?
5.
How
can you characterize the colonists?
6.
What
big US cities do you know?
7.
How
many cents are there in a dollar?
8.
What
are the colors of the American flag? Why are there 50 stars on the flag?
Why are
there 13 stripes on it? How do people often call the American flag?
9.
The
eagle became the official national symbol of the USA in 1782, didn't it? What
symbol is an olive branch? What do arrows symbolize? Where can you see the
picture of
the eagle with an olive branch and arrows?
10. What do Americans
celebrate on the 4th of July?
11. The capital of
the USA is Washington, D.C. isn't it? What do the letters D.C. stand for?
12. Why do people
say "Washington, D.C."? When do they speak about the US capital?
Task 3: After doing
task 1 and task 2 the pupils have to decide who of their classmates knows the USA and its
people best. Let him be a visiting professor from New York and ask him questions
about the USA. (the pupils ask "a visiting professor" the questions given in
Ex.3 p. 216)
1. Why is Washington
D.C. a special city?
2.
What oceans are the
USA washed by in the east and in the west?
3.
What can you tell us
about the statue of Liberty?
4.
What must the people
in the USA know about their national flag?
5.
When did the story of
the "Wild West" begin? Why did people go west?
6.
What do you know about
the native Americans?
7.
What
is the life of the native Americans nowadays like?
8.
When
and why did Americans begin to celebrate Thanksgiving Day?
V.Giving of the
home task: Ex.9 p.219 (role play the dialogue from Ex.6, 7 p.219;
V1. Summing up
of the results of the lesson (marks, objections);
Theme: The USA
Objectives; 1) to teach the pupils to use the new
words from the theme " The USA" on the utterance level;
2)
to
teach the pupils dialogue and monologue speech;
3)
to
enlarge the pupils knowledge about the USA;
4) to teach the pupils
to use the sentences in the Past Perfect Tense in
their speech;
5) to
teach the pupils to love our world and to be friendly with all the
people of our world;
Language material; the new words from
the theme "The USA"; the poem "Pennies, Nickels, Dimes and Quarters”,
the song
"Which Land is the Best?", the text "Country and People" (Ex.20 p.233, Ex.6 p.218), the song
"Yesterday".
Accessories: pictures, cards, structures;
Technical aids; a tape-recorder,
cassettes.
The succession of the
lesson
I. Org moment:
a)
greeting:
Teacher:
How do you do, children?
Pupils: How do you do,
teacher?
Teacher: Who is on duty today?
Pupil: I am on duty today.
Teacher: Who is
absent today?
Pupil: All are present (or .... is
absent)
II.The
introductory talk of the teacher with the pupils about the aims of the lesson;
Teacher: So, children, the theme of our today's lesson is "The
USA". You already know some facts about the United States and its people: e.g.
about the political and geographical
position of the country, about the President and the Constitution of the USA. But, let's begin our lesson with a nice song
"Which Land is the Best?" Let's warm up our tongues.
III. Phonetic drill;
(singing of the song to the music)
In my
country we are happy
In my
country we are happier
In my country we are
the happiest of all.
In my country we are friendly
In my country we are friendlier
In my
country we are the friendliest of all.
My
country, your country,
Travel
East or West,
If North is good, and South
is better
Which Land is the
best?
IV. Further
consolidation of the theme "The USA";
Teacher: So,
children, while working at the theme "The USA" today, we will need
many
expressions and
words, proper names. Let's revise them.
a) repeat after the teacher all
together:
the
United States of America
Washington D.C.
New York
the Capitol
the White House
the Statue of Liberty
Manhattan
Hollywood
Disneyland ['dizniland]
Philadelphia
Texas
the
Bronx Zoo
the
Metropolitan
the
Niagara Falls
b)
checking of the home task;
Teacher: And now,
let's come on to our home task. For today, you were to read and try to
understand the dialogue, and to act the dialogue.
So, first of all I want to see if you understood the text in a proper
way. Agree or disagree with me. Use the phrases: Yes, it is true;
No, it is false;
Yes, you
are right; Ex.7 p.219 Just so;
No, you
are wrong; No, you are mistaken; You don't say so!
1)
They
are flying from Sheremetyevo to New York, Kennedy Airport.
2) They are going to
stay in New York for two days.
3)
They
won't visit Texas.
4)
A
rodeo is an exciting show.
5)
The
Niagara Falls is a great place to visit.
6)
California
is the birthplace of American democracy. (Philadelfia...)
7)
The
pupils are going to see only the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Teacher: OK, children. I see, that you understood the dialogue. And now
let's do more difficult task. Translate the following sentences from the
dialogue from Russian into English. Let's imagine ourselves in the roles of
interpriters.
1) В конце
апреля победители конкурса знатоков английского языка едут в
США.
2) Это
фантастика!
3)
Я не могу в это поверить! Это слишком хорошая новость, чтобы можно было
в
неё поверить.
4)
Когда мы отправляемся?
5)
Какие места мы там посетим?
6) Главные достопримечательности: Статуя Свободы, Манхэттен, известные
небоскребы, метро, зоопарк.
7) Мне бы
хотелось увидеть Голливуд и Диснейлэнд.
8) А в
Калифорнию тоже поедем?
9)Филадельфия
- родина Американской демократии.
10)
Мне бы хотелось увидеть Ниагарский водопад.
Task: Our next task
is to act in the dialogue. I would like you to be very emotional.
Teacher: Hi, everybody! I've got a great news for you. At the end of
the April we are going to the USA Tanya: It's fantastic!
Misha: Wow!
Volodya: I can't
believe it. It's too good to be true.
Irina: I knew it! I
knew it!
Teacher: Please, be
quite! I'm here to tell you all you want to know. But be quite. We are
flying from Sheremetyevo
to New York, Kennedy Airport.
Tanya: What places
are we going to visit?
Teacher: The main
sights are: the Statue of Liberty, Manhattan, the famous skyscrapers.,
the Metropolitan and
the Bronks Zoo.
Irina: I've always
wanted to see Hollywood and Disneyland.
Volodya: And I want
to see the Niagara Falls.
Teacher: Sorry,
children. We've got ten days. I hope we'll see too many sights in the
USA. Have a good
time! Bye!
A short rest; (physical exercise, 5 min.)
Teacher: and now,
children, let's have a short rest; we'll do our usual physical exercise;
Going on a Lion Hunt.
Going on a lion hunt.
Trying to
catch a big one.
I'm not
scared!
Look at all these flowers.
It's a nice day!
Oh-Oh, some mud.
Some greesy, greesy mud. . . .
I can't go over it,
I
can't go under it,
I can't go around it.
I just have to go across it.
(a river, a deep, deep river; a tree, a big-big tree; a mountain, a high,
high mountain;
a forest, a dark, dark forest; a cave, a deep, deep cave).
I just have to go
across it (to swim across it; to climb it; to enter it).
What's
this?
A
strong body,
big
paws,
soft
fur,
sharp
teeth,
it's a
lion!!!
(repeat all the movements in the reversed order: entering the cave,
going through the forest etc.).
Teacher: And now let's
warm up our tongues and our feet at the same time:
The lips, the teeth, the tip of the tongue. (many times)
c) English Learners Contest.
Teacher: And now, children, we are going
to have our own English Learners Contest. The winners of this contest are
not going to visit the USA, but to earn money.
First, I want to remind you what kind of
money the American people use in their country. For that, listen to the rhyme (the
teacher uses the tape- recorder).
American Coins.
Pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
Pennies,
nickels, dimes, and quarters.
How many pennies in a nickel?
Five. How
many nickels in a dime?
Two.
Pennies,
nickels, dimes, and quarters.
Pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
How many dimes in a dollar?
Ten.
How many nickels
in a dime?
Two.
Pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
Pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
How many quarters in a dollar?
Four.
How many nickels
in a dime?
Two.
Teacher: And now, look at the pictures and
answer the following guestions.
1)
How
many pennies are there in a nickel?
2)
What
American coins do you know?
3)
How
many nickels are there in a dime?
4) How many dimes are
there in a guarter?
5)
How
many guarters are there in a dollar?
Teacher: So, it's high time
to begin our first round. The winner will earn one million dollars.
Round
1
How Much Do We Know
about the USA? You already know some facts about the United States of America
and its people. I would like you to remember certain things about the US.
So, let’s start.
1.
Make the right choice.
1. Christopher
Columbus discovered America in...(10)
a) 1402
c) 1492
b)1482
d)1392
2. Christopher
Columbus discovered...(20)
a) Central America c) North America
b) South America
d) the United States of America
3. The
first English settlements appeared in...(30)
a) North
America in the 17th c) Central America in the 16th
century century
b) South
America in the 17th d) America in the 18th
century century
4. The "Mayflower" is ...(40)
a) the name of a
season b) the name of a flower
c) the
name of the English d) the
name of the ship that sailed
settlement in America from Rlymouth for the New
World in 1620
5. The
first colonists started the tradition of.. .(50)
a)
Hallow'en c) Thanksgiving Day
b) Independence
Day d) Memorial Day
6. The first president of the US was...(100)
a)
George
Washington c) Jeffrey Jefferson
b) Abraham Lincoln d) Bill Clinton
7. The
capital of the US is... (200)
a)
Washington, D.C b) New York
c) Washington d) Philadelphia
8. There
were ... colonies in America in 1733. (300)
a) 13
c)2
b)7 d)10
9. Jeans are clothes worn by... (400)
a)
cowboys
in the Wild West c) Levi Strauss people
b) actors in America d) people all over the world
10. The
American flag is often called...(500)
a) Union Jack c) the red Dragon
b) The Stars and Stripes d) the White Eagle
11. There
are ... stripes on the American flag. (800)
a) 7 c) 50
b)6 d)13
12. The
official national symbol of the USA is... (1000)
a) the Statue of
Liberty c) the turkey
b) the Eagle d) the
"Mayflower"
Round
2.
1. The number of states
in the USA? (5)
2.
What
is the USA washed by? (10)
3.
What
is the population of the country? (15)
4.
What
are the most famous places to enjoy in the USA? (20)
5.
What
mighty rivers of the USA do you know? (25)
6.
What
are the biggest mountain chains? (50)
7.
How
do you understand the phrase "The USA is a big melting port?"
(100)
8.
The
size of the Grand Canyon is.. .(200)
9.
What
can be the American government compared with? (300)
10.
What
is the capital of the USA? (400)
11. Who was the first
president of the USA? (500)
12. Who is the president
of the USA now? (600)
13. How many Presidents
of the USA can you name? (700)
14. What big cities of
the USA do you know? (850)
15. What holidays are
celebrated in the USA? ($1000)
Round 3
1. Choose the right
version.
1. The
war of Independence began in ...
a) 1775 b) 1785 c) 1875
2. The war
of Independence ended in...
a) 1780 b) 1783 c) 1873
3. The
Constitution was written in...
a) New York b)
Washington d) Philadelphia
4. The
Constitution is...
a)
building in Washington b) law c) group of people
5. The US
Government has ... branches.
a)
three b) four c) five
6. People
who work in the Senate are called senators and people who work
in the House of Representatives are
called...
a)
housemen b)congressmen c) members of Parliament
7. There
are ... senators than congressmen in the Congress.
a) more b) a lot
more c) fewer
8. The
US President's term is... .
a) 2 years
b) 4 years c) 6 years
9. There
are ... judges in the US Supreme Court.
a)
nine b) eleven c) thirteen
10. The
Civil War lasted ... years.
a)
three b) four c) five
11. The
first ten amendments to the Constitution are called...
a) the
Bill of Citizens b) the Bill of Freedoms
c) The
Bill of Rights
12. All
together there are ... amendments to the Constitution.
a) twenty b) twenty - six c)
thirty – six
2. What have you learned about the USA?
Retell the text.
3. Ask questions to
which these are answers.
1. There were thirteen
colonies.
2.
To
write the Constitution.
3.
The
US capitol is in Washington, D.C.
4.
One
hundred.
5.
Four
hundred and thirty - five.
6.
Two
years and six years.
7.
They
carry out the laws that the Congress makes.
8.
They
help the President to make decisions.
V. Summing
up of the results of the lesson: ( marks, objections)
VI. A
final song; (the pupils sing the song "Yesterday")
(The end of the lesson.)
Theme: The USA.
Objectives: 1) to teach the
pupils to speak English in a proper way;
2) to teach the pupils to
love our world and to be friendly with all the people of our world;
3) to widen the pupils
knowledge about the USA;
Language material; the new words on the
theme "The USA" taken at the previous lessons; the play "Star Search Contest" ;the
songs "Yesterday", "Which Land is the Best?"
Accessories: pictures (the sights
of the USA); the map of the USA;
Technical aids; tape-recorder;
cassettes;
The
succession of the lesson:
I. Org.
moment:
a)
greeting;
b) a talk with the
pupil on duty;
c)
a
short talk of the teacher about the aims of the lesson;
II. Phonetic
drill:
(singing
of the song "Which Land is the Best?" taken at the previous lessons)
III. Star Search Contest.
Good
evening. Glad to see everyone. We are having the Star Search Contest now.
Let me introduce the
participants of the contest. They are:
Shminke
Boris. His classmates call him A Walking Encyclopedia. What is your favorite subject, Boris?
Our next
participant is Sharikova Rosa. A very modest and bright pupil. What is your hobby,
Rosa?
Iralina
Lilia is the third participant of the contest.
"Quick-minded
and sometimes naughty"- this is what her classmates say about her.
Lilia,
are you interested in sports?
Shmelyev Sasha is our
forth participant. He likes to retell stories very much. He is usually the first to
make a summary of a text. Do you think English is very difficult? Koritskaya Marina is
our last participant. Sometimes Marina is so slow that you can have your lunch
during this pause. But her reading is perfect. What are you going to be, Marina?
Let me introduce the
jury to you... .
Are you ready to start our game? O.K. I have prepared some tasks on the
history of America. I've read a lot about the discovery of the country and its
discoverer, but I'm afraid that everything has mixed up in my mind. I don't
remember where Columbus was exactly born. Whether he was born in India and then
he lived in Italy and sailed to Spain or somewhere else. Here are three
possible answers. Choose the right one. The one who shows the right answer gets a
star.
a) Italy * b)
Spain c) India (The winners make a step forward).
You might
remember that Columbus's dream was to become a seaman. He made many voyages. And one day, I don't remember when,
he decided to sail west to reach India,
and discovered America. You know he thought it was India. When was it?
a) 1492* b)1493
c) 1592
He discovered a new land and people began to speak about this land as
the New World.
Spain was very much interested in this land and this territory. That's why Columbus made some
more voyages to this land. How many of them did he make to the New World?
a) 2 b) 3 c)
4 *
By the
way, do you remember how many ships he took on his second voyage?
a) 15 b)16
c)17*
Yes, he had 17 ships.
But one of them was his favorite one. Which one?
a) the Pinta b)
the Nina * c) the Mayflower
The first round is over. The stars should be counted. The winner will
get a prize.
The second round will
be devoted to English colonies.
England became interested
in the New World, too. And the first English settlements appeared in America. Was it at the beginning of the 18th,
16th, or 17th centuries?
a) 18 b) 16
c) 17*
The first group of people sailed from the English city of Plymouth on
board of the ship. What was the name of that ship?
a) the Mayrose
b) the Mayflower * c) the Pinta
Do you remember the reasons that made them leave the country for
America? (The participants
can give answers without getting a star). The first group was not very large. As far as I remember, there were only men
on board of the ship. Am I right?
a) 102 b) 74+28* c) 28+74
Their voyage was very dangerous. Sometimes they had nothing to eat. How
long did they sail?
a) 3 months * b)
half a year c) 4 months
In the winter of 1621
they built a small village with two streets on new land. What was the name of their first settlement?
a) New Plymouth *
b) American Plymouth c) Mayflower
The first colonists arrived in America to start a new life. It was a
hard life full of danger. In autumn of 1622 they had their first harvest. It was rather
good. Since that day every autumn Americans celebrate a holiday, which is called
Thanksgiving day. When do Americans do it?
a) the last Thursday of November * b) the last Thursday of October c) the
first Thursday
of November
There
comes a break, during which pupils can sing a song and listen to the joke:
Teacher: Which is
further, the moon or America?
Pupil: America.
Teacher: Why?
Pupil: Because I can
see the moon, but I can't see America.
The third round will be devoted to Wild West and Native Americans. At
the beginning
of the 17th century the first colonies appeared in America. There were English, Spanish, German colonies. There
were many colonies in 1733. But how many?
a) 11 b)13*
c)15
What country did all
colonies depend on?
a) Spain b)
England * с) Germany
The colonies didn't like it. They began to fight for the independence
and got it. Who became the first president?
a) George Washington
* b) George Bush c) George Michael
It was in the 17th century. And in the 19th century the story of Wild
West began. People went west to look for gold. They took lands from the Native
Americans, who got very angry. You can understand why; they lived on this land for
many centuries. When did the first Americans arrive in America?
a) over 20,000 * b)
over 200,000 c) 2,000
Where did they come
from?
a) Asia * b)
Europe c) Africa
(The participant who has the least number of stars leaves the game.) The fourth round
will be devoted to American symbols. There are 4 main American symbols: the American
Flag, the Statue of Liberty, the Eagle, and the Song. I'm sure you know many things
about the flag. Americans are very proud of it and display it in many places: in offices, shops, schools,
streets, etc. The main colors of the flag are red, blue and white. But how many stars and stripes are there on the flag?
a) 50/13* b) 49/13
c) 50/14
The Statue of
Liberty is the second American symbol. It is one of the first things people can see when they arrive in New York by
sea. It is situated on the Liberty Island. What country gave it to America?
a) Spain b) Germany c) France *
The next symbol of America is the Eagle. You can see it on the back of
the dollar bill. When did it become the official national symbol of the country?
a) 1872 b)1782*
c) 1582
And the forth symbol
of America is its Song. How is it called?
a) The
Star Spangled Banner * b) The Banner with Stripes and Stars c) The Banner
Sparkled with Stars
The last two winners of the contest must make up as many words as
possible with the word "American".
Here are possible
words:
am, me,
rice, aim, men, came, nice, in, an, rain, arm, man, rim, near, mean, race, ran, rime, ice,
care, camera, mice, cream, can, name.
IV. Summing
up of the results of the lesson;
(marks, objections)
V. Singing
of the final song of the lesson "Yesterday".
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