Family
I want to say some words about my family.
It is not very large , we are four: mother, father, sister and me. My mother is
Natallya Vasilevna. She is 42. She is a talkative, energetic woman. She is a
teacher.
My father is Vasiliy Ivanovich. He is 45.
He works as a driver. He is clever and kind and rather optimistic. He has a
good sense of humor.
My sister’s name is Alesya. She is 20. She
is a student. She is rather beautiful. We spent a lot of time together, we are
best friends.
From my point of view family is very
important for every person.
I
enjoy the honest and open relationship in my family. My parents and my
sister are people I can trust and rely on.
In
conclusion I want to say that there is no so-called “generation gap” in our
family, though we may argue and disagree with each other. We can spend hours
and hours talking about our family problems, fashion, views on education,
people’s relations.
Family
traditions
Family is very important for every person.
I enjoy the honest and open relationship in my family.
We have some
family traditions. But to my mind we haven’t got anything special in our
family. All our family traditions are connected with some holidays. Apart from
national holidays there are family holidays like birthdays, weddings and
anniversaries. A birthday is always a happy event in our family. On these days
we usually have a party. Friends and relatives come with flowers and gifts.
Usually there is a dinner with plenty of delicious food. After the dinner we
dance or sing, listen to music or just chat.
One more family
tradition is spending summer holidays together either at the seaside or in the
country, which I enjoy very much.
I’d like to
become more independent from my parents in my future, but we’ll always be the
best friends because my parents are the most important people in the world.
Family
relationship
Family is very important for every person.
Understanding between all members of the family is very necessary thing in
family relationship.
I enjoy the honest and open relationship
in my family. My parents are people I can trust and rely on.
In
happy families parents are frank and honest with their children and children in
their turn learn how to treat other people.
I
like it when parents trust their children, give them enough freedom and respect
them. I think these things make family relations warm and pleasant.
There
is no so-called “generation gap” in our family, though we may argue and
disagree with each other. We can spend hours and hours talking about our family
problems, fashion, views on education, people’s relations, their ambitions.
Friendship and relationship with friends
Friendship
is very important thing in people’s life. It is so nice to have a person you
can rely on.
I
have lots of friends around me. They make my life more interesting and
enjoyable. But my best friend is Victotia. She is my classmate.
She
is an attractive girl. Victoria is thin, slender and stylish. She has got a
lovely dark hair, blue eyes with long eyelashes and a straight nose. She has
got an attractive smile. She usually wears sweaters, skirts, dresses, jeans and
trousers.
She
is an active and energetic person. She is always kind and patient and never
loses her temper. Victoria is a sort of person who can understand other
people. She has a very good sense of humor. I respect my friend for her
strong and cheerful character. It is very pleasant to be with her around.
Of
course, we quarrel from time and argue over small things, but we are always make
it up in the end. I think I’m lucky to have such a wonderful friend as
Victoria.
Education
Education
plays a very important role in our life. We can say that Belarus has a
developed system of education. It is divided into pre-school-education, school
education and higher education Pre-school education is not compulsory in
Belarus but around 70% of children attend nursery or kindergarten before they
start school.
Most
children in Belarus start school at the age of 6. At the age of 15 they pass
their exams, but most pupils stay at school until they finish their high school
education at 17-18.
At
the age of 15, pupils that have successfully completed basic education can
attend colleges.
After
high school pupils may enter to the universities. There are two official
languages within the education system: Russian and Belarusian.
Our system of education has been reforming now. The aim is to create an
independent, qualitatively new national school.
Studying at school
I
study at school №3. It’s three-storied building of a typical design. Behind the
school there is a sport ground and a building of the University. On the
sports-ground people have their classes in PE (physical education) when the
weather is fine. They also have different competition here. In front of the
school there are a lot of beautiful flower-beds.
There
is a gym, a canteen, a cloak-room, classroom on Musics on the ground floor.
Also there is a large hall on the ground floor where pupils have concerts and
meetings.
The
classrooms, the library, the Headmaster’s office are on the upper floors. On
the walls of the corridors you can see different drawings, photos of the best
pupils of the school. There are many light curtains on the windows and many
flowers on the window-sills.
We
have different subjects at school: Math, Chemistry, Biology, Russian, Russian
literature, Belorussian, Belorussian literature. I am especially good at… Our
teachers are polite and kind. They teach us to treat nature carefully, to be honest
and hardworking,
I
like my school very much.
School traditions
My
school life is connected not only with studies but with many other important
things. When I think about my school years I recollect a lot of events. Many
of them became traditions because they happen every year on the same dates.
Some traditions are similar in all Belarusian schools, some are unique.
The
school year starts on the 1st of September. This day is special for all: school
children, their teachers and parents. The day starts with the school gathering
when all classes and teachers stand in front of the school and listen to the
welcoming speeches of their teachers, schoolmates and parents. Students look
really nice in their new school uniforms.
Every
year in September we have the opportunity to show our athletic skills and
abilities during our Sports Day. Though we have Sports weeks every season this
day is also among our favourite school traditions. There is a wide range of
activities. It opens with a running race. Then we have competitions in
different sports, we play sports games, run, jump, climb a wall. Everyone from
the 1st to the 11th class takes part in some events. The day finishes with a
Closing ceremony where winners get their prizes.
Of
course we never forget to congratulate our teachers on Teacher’s Day. Some of
our best students take part in School Olimpiads. Very soon we’ll have our last
and traditional School leavers’ Party.
I
think I will never forget my school, teachers, classmates and our school traditions.
Choosing
a career
My
name is Alina. I’ve 17 and now it is a time to seriously think about my future
profession. It is probably one of the most serious decision you ever make. As
for me I made my choice a couple of years ago. Since then I want to be an
economist. I am going to enter in Polatsk State university. In my opinion the
field I have chosen will be interesting and will bring me good job and good
money. Now I am interested in economic situation in our country and abroad. By
now I have an idea of such basic economic categories, such as demand and
supply, dependence between price and supply, dependence between price and
quality of goods, unemployment and so on. I hope I’ll be able to get profound
knowledge and practical skills when I become a university student.
I
want to contribute to the process of bringing Belarus to market economy and
turning it into a country with high level standard. Belarus as a country in
the center in the very center of Europe – most be equal partner with the rest
of the word.
Life in the city and in the country
Life
in the city is much easier than in the country - developed transport system,
information, sports, shopping malls, etc. There is far more entertainment in
the city than in the country. Cities offer high concentration of good things in
life: big stores, restaurants, theatres, cinema, art galleries. Of course
there are some disadvantages of living in a big cities such as the pollution
and crime. Pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today.
Polluted air is hanging like a brown cloud over cities. Dirt and smoke are
pouring from the buildings of cites and factories.
As
concerns living in the country we can say that there we can enjoy such simple
things as sunlight and fresh air. Besides, living in the countryside is cheaper
and safer than in a city. It provides people with more security. There is less
crime and, of course, there is less traffic there. Life in the countryside is
quiet, peaceful, and healthy. I like to be close to nature. Here people are friendly
and it is much more pleasant in the countryside than in the city.
Unfortunately, life in the countryside is rather hard. Working and living
conditions are difficult, social and cultural life in the countryside is not
full of entertainment
As
for me I like city but sometimes it is pleasant to stay in the country for a
while.
Different types of houses
We can hardly say that today there exist the problem of choosing a type of
housing. Everyone can find something he or she likes.
There
are many types of housing: detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraced
houses and flats. Some of the detached houses are cottages and bungalows.
One
advantage of a detached house is the fact that the free space surrounding the
building is belongs to the family. You can do whatever you would like to be
done in your house.
A
semi-detached house is a pair of houses that share one common wall. The two
houses are built to mirror each other. One advantage of living in a
semi-detached house is that there is still some privacy even if one wall is
shared by the two houses. A disadvantage is that you are responsible for the
upkeep of your side of the house.
Terraced housing is also known as townhouses. One of the major advantages of
terrace housing is that it is relatively cheaper than a semi-detached built in
the same location. One great disadvantage is that there is typically no yard or
garden that comes with a unit. As two walls are shared, there is less privacy
too.
A
flat or an apartment is a part of a larger building. Such building is called an
apartment building or a block of flats.
Belarusian
national cuisine
Food is obviously
a very important part of peoples’ culture and if you want to understand the
nation it is important to try national food.
Belarusian cuisine consists mostly
of vegetables, meats and breads. The foods that are considered to be staples of
Belarus include pork, cabbages, potatoes and bread. Traditional cooking methods
are usually either slowly cooked or stewed food.
But
the most popular Belarusian dish is draniki with machanka.
Machanka is used as a traditional Belarusian sauce for draniki or blini. Most
often it is made with pork, sausage, sliced onion, sour cream and flour.
Kvass is a type of soft
drink that is made from either brown bread or rye flour that has been malted.
Kvass can also be combined with sliced vegetables to create a cold soup called okroshka.
I
think all these dishes will be rather tasty and unusual for a tourist.
National cuisine of an English-speaking
country
Food is obviously a very important part of peoples’ culture and if you want to
understand the nation it is important to try national food.
I’d
like to tell some words about British food. Traditionally English people have
three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. Breakfast is served in the
morning. It used to be a large meal with cereal, eggs and bacon, sausages,
tomatoes. But such a large breakfast takes a long time to prepare and is not
very healthy. Nowadays, Britain's most popular breakfast consists of cereal,
toast with marmalade, juice and yogurt with a cup of tea or coffee. Lunch is a
light meal. Most people have no time to go back home for lunch so they eat at
school, cafes, pubs or restaurants. The main meal is dinner, which is usually
between 6 and 7 p.m. A typical evening meal is a meat dish with vegetables and
dessert. The most important meal of the week is the Sunday dinner, which is
usually eaten at 1 p.m. The traditional Sunday dish used to be roast beef, but
nowadays pork, chicken or lamb are more common. On Sunday evenings people have
supper or high tea. The famous British afternoon tea is becoming rare, except
at weekends.
Shopping
When
we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in
every town or city, but most of them have a food supermarket, a department
store, men's and women's clothing stores, grocery, a bakery and a butchery.
Shopping
is a part of our daily life. And we have to deal with it whether we like it
or not. There are people who hate going shopping. So they make a list of what
they need and run through stores buying the needed things. Sometimes they
even don't care about the price. And there are people who go from store to
store looking for goods of better quality and lower price. Those don't worry
about the time they spend shopping.
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I
like to do my shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell
various goods under one roof and this is very convenient.
Leisure
time (My hobbies)
Every
person needs rest after work, free time. Most people have hobbies.
Hobbies
differ like tastes. They are divided into 4 large classes: making things, doing
things, collecting things and learning things.
If
you ask me how I usually spend my leisure time, I can say that I play volleyball,
play the guitar, read for pleasure, listen to music or spend time with my best
friend.
I
think I am a sporty person. Every Thursday I have volleyball classes.
I
like reading. I prefer to read defective stories most of all.
I
am fond of listening to music. Music helps me to relax.
Also
I like to spend my free time with my friend. We watch movies, listen to music
or go for a walk.
In
conclusion I should say that without leisure activities life becomes dull and
boring.
Belarusian customs
and traditions
Belarus has deep historical roots in the
past that’s why its customs and traditions often have a long history.
Belarusian holidays and traditions can be classified according to four seasons:
spring, summer, autumn and winter.
In
spring we celebrate such holiday as Calling of Spring. One of the greatest
Christian holidays is Easter. On this day people paint eggs and make special
pies.
The greatest fest in summer is Kupalle.
The most important part of this celebration is great fire.
Autumn has its holidays. They
traditionally connected with the end of the harvesting time. In the late autumn
we have Dziady. It is the day of memory of the dead relatives.
In winter the most important holidays is
New Year and Christmas.
In conclusion I should say that the
Belarusian people are proud of their traditions and carefully observe them.
Customs and
traditions of an English-speaking country
British customs and traditions are famous
all over the world. England has preserved its old ceremonies and traditions. Most
of this traditions have been kept from up without any changes since 13 century.
There are only six public holidays a year
in Great Britain. They are Christmas, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday,
Spring Bank holiday, Summer Bank holiday.
Besides public holidays there are some
traditional ones, for example
Pancake day and Bonfire Night, Halloween.
Some English traditions concerns with
private life of people. For example, the British like to speak about weather,
like gardening.
In conclusion I should say that the
British people are proud of their traditions and carefully observe them.
Modern means of
communication
According to dictionary communication is
sending, giving and exchanging information, ideas. Thus talking about means of
communication we can name telephone, telegraph, television, radio, and internet
and so on.
Mobile phones and internet are the most
modern and wide-spread means of communication. The mobile phone is very useful
devise. Thanks to it I can call people I need: my parents, my friends, and my
teachers .With the help of new mobile phones we can also send and receive
emails, and text-messages, watch TV, listen to music, take photos.
Personal computers are used in every field
today. Emails have replaced letters and postcards almost completely. Skype has
become one of the popular means of communication. A lot of people especially
teenagers communicate in social networks such as vkontacte, facebook, twitter,
odnoklasniki. They share the news, pictures, funny videos, jokes, songs and so
on.
In conclusion I should say that modern
means of communication will never replace real face-to-face communication.
A
healthy way of life
I believe that health is better than
wealth. In order to be healthy we should avoid bad habits such as smoking and
drinking alcohol, taking drugs, eating unhealthy food. We should eat more fresh
vegetables and fruit. If we eat too much we start to put on weight, that leads
to serious health problems.
Regular exercises are essential part of
our life. I believe it is very important for people to have some regular
exercises. It will help you to stay physically fit and keep a good shape.
Regular sleeping habits are also
important. Staying late hours is not good for our health.
As concerns me I am going in for sport
that helps me to keep fit.
In conclusion I would like to say that we
should take a good care of our health, because health can’t be bought for
money.
Sport
People all over the world are fond of
sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized
and better disciplined. Many people do sports on their personal initiative.
They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football,
bodybuilding. All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport
grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, football fields. Sport
is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. Physical culture
is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges.
Professional
sport is also paid much attention to in our republic. There are different
sporting societies clubs and complexes. They are used for international and
world competitions.
Practically
all kinds of sports are popular in our republic but hokey; athletics, biathlon,
tennis enjoy the greatest popularity.
As
for me, I go in for hokey, football, athletics…. It needs mobility, liveliness
and much energy. It keeps a person in a good form.
Fashion
Fashion is
something we deal with every day. It is the language which tells the story
about the person who wears it. We often judge people by what they are
wearing.
In our modern
society fashion models, singers, musicians, dancers, actors and sportsmen are
the idols of thousands of teenagers who try to copy them in the way they dress,
walk and style their hair. Some women believe that wearing a lot of make-up,
having long nails and long eyelashes make them pretty. Some people makes tattoos,
pierce different part of body, to follow the fashion. I think it looks ugly.
From my point of view it is
always important to remember the main rules of politeness, that there are
different styles of clothes for different types of event.
As for me fashion
is not the most important part of my life but it helps me to be the part of our
modern word. My favorite pieces of clothes are blue jeans and T-shirts of
different colours. I think it is very fashionable and convenient
A wise proverb says: “People
meet by clothes and set off by mind” And I fully agree with it.
Traveling
Millions of people all over the world spend their
holidays traveling. They travel to see other continents, modern cities and the
ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a
change of scene. It's always interesting to discover new things, different ways
of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to
different musical rhythms. Those who live in the country like to go to a big
city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop
windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet
holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe
and laze in the sun. Most travelers and holiday-makers take a camera with them
and take pictures of everything that interests them - the sights of a city, old
churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls,
forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.
Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy
time they have had. People travel by train, by plane, by boat, by car, by bike
and on foot. People travel to have a holidays or to have business. If people
have business trips they choose the fastest transport. They often travel by
plane or by train. It is very expensive but it is very fast. And if people want
to have a rest they choose traveling by boat, by car, on horseback and etc.
When you travel by car or by bike you can stop where you want. All means of
travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according
to their plans and destinations. If we are fond of traveling, we see and learn
a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read
about them in books and newspapers, and see pictures of them on TV. The best
way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and
understand people is to meet them in their own homes. The best way to study
geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people
is to meet them in their own homes.
Environment
Environment is the
nature around us: air, water, trees, flowers, animals, birds. Now people are
more worried about the environment because of the harmful effects of human
activity.
One of the most
important ecological problems is the water pollution. Many sea birds die
because of the polluted water. People may get sick from eating them. Lakes and
rivers are becoming polluted, too. Some beaches are dangerous for swimming.
The second
important problem is air pollution. Cars and factories pollute the air we use.
They also destroys the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous
light of the Sun.
Another problem is
that our forests are dying from acid rain. Deforestation, especially
destruction of tropical forests, affects the balance of nature in many ways. It
kills animals, changes the climate and ecosystem in the world.
The most
important ecological problem for our country is the result of
of
the Chernobyl . About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus was contaminated
with radioactive substances.
Weather
and climate
Climate is the weather that a certain
place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on
plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
Belarus has a temperate-continental
climate with hat summer and cold winter.
If to speak about Great Britain the
weather is very changeable. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet.
Some scientists think that the world is
becoming hotter. Winters have become warmer. Sometimes there is little snow in
January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year’s Eve.
Many people say that it is so because of
the greenhouse effect. During the last 100 years people have produced a lot of
carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It
lets heat get in, but it doesn’t let much heat get out. So the atmosphere
becomes warmer.
These changes can be dangerous for our
planet, which needs protection. Earth is millions of years old, much older than
the humans. We know many of its secrets. Yet there is still much to learn.
The Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Belarus is a small,
beautiful country. It is situated in Eastern Europe. The Republic borders on
Russia, the Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. It has a population of more
than 10 million. The largest cities are Minsk (the capital), Gomel, Brest,
Vitebsk, Grodno and Mogilev.
Belarus is a land of vast plains and
picturesque hills, thick forests and green meadows, deep blue lakes and flowing
rivers. One
third of the republic's territory is covered with forests. The largest of them
are called pushchas. The longest rivers are the Dnieper, the Nieman, the
Western Dvina, the Pripyat and the Bug. The largest of the lakes is the Naroch,
the pride of the republic. It is very popular
recreation area in our country.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British
Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and
Ireland, and a great number of small islands. The UK consists of four parts:
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The
British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and
the English Channel. The northern and western parts of the country is
mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called
the Lowlands.
Most
of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest and the
longest of the British rivers.
Great
Britain is a highly industrialized country. The main industrial centres are
London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol.
The
population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people.
The
capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is parliamentary monarchy
and the Queen is the head of the state.
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