Инфоурок Иностранные языки Другие методич. материалыМетодическая разработка для подготовки к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по английскому языку "Словобразование"

Методическая разработка для подготовки к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по английскому языку "Словобразование"

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СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

TEST 1
Make up a noun

democratic

energetic

distant

diplomatic

high

constant

traditional

boring

free

long

Georgian

musical

poetic

readable

strong

national

wide

European

organizational

deep

bright

experimental

dark

biological

naval

central

friendly

pleasant

cultural

various

healthy

clever

important

TEST 2
Make up these words negative

agree

fair

moral

fix

place

approve

polite

practical

fair

lock

pack

appoint

pleasant

connect

possible

order

complete

rational

material

believe

appear

regular

legal

trust

capable

dress

friendly

adequate

tie

true

healthy

pack

important

TEST3
Make up an adjective

enjoy

nerve

friend

scare

wind

luck

adventure

snow

differ

France

eat

fame

bore

predict

profession

nation

risk

wealth

success

child

globe

science

believe

change

agree

confident

talent

educate

real

create

TEST 4

TASK 1

Make up these nouns female

An actor__________________________ a prince_______________________

a poet____________________________ a steward_____________________

a waiter___________________________ a host_________________________

a lion_____________________________ a tiger ________________________

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ity, -th,-dom,-ism

similar____________________________ brutal_________________________

wide_____________________________ king__________________________

free______________________________ imperial_______________________

social_____________________________ wise__________________________

popular___________________________ original_______________________

public____________________________ long__________________________

true______________________________ deep_________________________

plural_____________________________ possible_______________________

ideal_____________________________ hero__________________________

global____________________________ capital________________________

active____________________________ patriot________________________

TEST 5

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -hood, -ship,-ness,-ment

child _____________________________ member ______________________

fulfil______________________________ boy __________________________

develop __________________________ dark __________________________

appoint __________________________ kind __________________________

arrange __________________________ friend_________________________

rough ____________________________ neat _________________________

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -er,-or,-ist

piano ____________________________ write _________________________

act ______________________________ read _________________________

use ______________________________ coordinate ____________________

speak ____________________________ art ___________________________

lead _____________________________ drive _________________________

play _____________________________ cooperate ____________________

TASK 3

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ence,-ance

exist______________________________ depend_______________________

disturb____________________________ appear________________________

TEST 6

TASK 1

Make up compound nouns

workway

railball

snowstep

blackman

footboard

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -ful,-al,-ic

use_______________________________ nation ________________________

harm_____________________________ poet _________________________

care______________________________ industry_______________________

person ___________________________ pain __________________________

hope _____________________________ economy______________________

TASK 3

Make up adjectives using suffixes:-less,-y,-en

wood_____________________________ rock __________________________

help______________________________ wind_________________________

gold______________________________ sun___________________________

dirt_______________________________ hope_________________________

TEST 7

TASK 1

Make up verbs using suffixes: -ize(ise), -en, and the prefix re-

National__________________________ organ_________________________

call_______________________________ computer_____________________

build_____________________________ length________________________    

print_____________________________ central________________________

make_____________________________ weak_________________________

 

TASK 2

Make up verbs using prefixes: dis-, un-

to agree___________________________ to lock________________________

to appear_________________________ to dress_______________________

to respect_________________________ to ____________________________

to pack___________________________ to order______________________

to like____________________________ to arrange_____________________

to organize________________________ to do_________________________

to believe_________________________ to connect_____________________

to approve________________________ tofix__________________________

to place___________________________ to hurt________________________

 

TEST 8

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -er,-or,-ist,-ian

teach_________________________ violin ______________________________

dictate________________________ kill ________________________________

mathematics___________________ paint ______________________________

optics________________________ walk _______________________________

invent________________________ direct ______________________________

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ion,-tion,-ation,-ment

 to communicate ________________ to intend ___________________________

 to implement __________________ to interpret _________________________

 to accuse _____________________ to reflect ___________________________

 to object _____________________ topunish ____________________________

 to treat ______________________ to demonstrate ______________________

 to celebrate ___________________ to imagine __________________________

to manage ____________________ to accept ___________________________

to suggest _____________________ to illuminate _________________________

to educate ____________________ to decorate _________________________

to inform _____________________ to impress __________________________

to collect ______________________ to argue ____________________________

to produce ____________________ to construct _________________________

to equip_______________________ to migrate___________________________

TEST 9

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ion,-tion,-ation

to adopt ______________________ to situate ___________________________

to formulate ___________________ to describe __________________________

to explain _____________________ to locate ____________________________

to reduce _____________________ to combine __________________________

to decorate ____________________  to discriminate ______________________

to reserve _____________________ to conduct __________________________

to translate ____________________ to create ___________________________

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -able,-ous,-y,-ic,-ful

Misery________________________ fan________________________________

Danger_______________________ change _____________________________

Luck_________________________ vary _______________________________

metal ________________________ frost _______________________________

mist _________________________ rain________________________________

wonder _______________________ pain _______________________________

hope _________________________ beauty _____________________________

history _______________________ joy________________________________

miracle _______________________ sorrow _____________________________

mystery_______________________ adventure __________________________

use __________________________ ambition ___________________________

TEST 10

TASK 1

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-, dis-

literate________________________ legal _______________________________

different______________________ kind _______________________________

possible ______________________ believable __________________________

honest _______________________ healthy_____________________________

convenient ____________________ advantage __________________________

comfortable ___________________ agreement __________________________

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes:-ic, -al, -ing,-y,-ful,-ive,-able,-ous

botany________________________ tradition ____________________________

excitement ____________________ rule________________________________

relax _________________________ noise_______________________________

interest _______________________ success _____________________________

recognize _____________________ invent______________________________

finance _______________________ expense____________________________

fame _________________________ create _____________________________

profession _____________________ centre _____________________________

geography ____________________ navy _______________________________

entertain _____________________ nation _____________________________

educate ______________________ lyrics ______________________________

amazement ____________________ luck _______________________________

TEST 11

TASK 1

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -ive,-ic,-ent,-able,-ous,-ful,-ing,-y

attraction _____________________ science _____________________________

touch_________________________ comfort ____________________________

prosperity _____________________ construction _________________________

fashion _______________________ invent _____________________________

differ ________________________ capability ___________________________

taste _________________________ amaze _____________________________

scare _________________________ train _______________________________

warn _________________________ instruct ____________________________

fascinate ______________________ wealth _____________________________

prevent_______________________ health______________________________

TASK 2

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-,un-,dis-

sure__________________________ known _____________________________

usual _________________________ capable ____________________________

location ______________________ bearable ____________________________

employed _____________________ regular _____________________________

freezing ______________________ limited _____________________________

balance _______________________ popular ____________________________

graceful ______________________ typical _____________________________

play__________________________ polite ______________________________

TEST 12

TASK 1

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-, dis-, mis-

Capable_______________________ pact_______________________________

Adequate______________________ damaged____________________________

Decided_______________________ declared____________________________

Mature_______________________ logical______________________________

memorial _____________________ modest_____________________________

mortal _______________________ solve_______________________________

position_______________________ place_______________________________

play__________________________ order______________________________

miss__________________________ like________________________________

active________________________ habited_____________________________

accurate______________________ liberal______________________________

understand____________________ fortune_____________________________

lead _________________________ corporate___________________________

resolute_______________________ relevant____________________________

sure__________________________ count ______________________________

honourable____________________ locate______________________________

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ence,-ance

to coincide_____________________ to insure____________________________

 to insist_______________________ to interfere__________________________


TESTS FOR GRADES 6—7
(FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS)

VARIANT I

TASK 1

First books were made of wood, clay or skins of________ animals                                                                          KILL

Paper came to Europe from China.All books were ___________ decorated                                                 BEAUTY

The____________________ of printing was a great event in the history                                                   INVENT

Modern books are very__________________________ ,                                                                             INTEREST

They help people get information__________________ ,                                                                                   QUICK

TASK 2

I live in Russia. It’sthe _________________ country in the world.                                                                          BIG

It has many rivers, hills, seas an_____________________________________________________ CITY

The capital of Russia___________________ Moscow                                                                                                     BE

country is large                                                                                                                                                                                 WE

It_________________________________ many lakes.                                                                                        HAVE

The_______________________________ lake is Lake Baikal                                                                             DEEP

TASK 3

My parents and I like (go) to the Black Sea in summer. The water in the sea (be) usually clean and warm. Look! The sun (shine) brightly in the blue sky.The wind (blow)now. But when it (be) too hot I (not like)it.

Last year I (go) to the sea again. It (be) wonderful. We (swim) and (sunbathe) every day. Sometimes we (collect) shells and pebbles. It (be) great!

TASK 4

1.      I often_________________________________.

(A) TRAVEL(B)TO TRAVEL(C) TRAVELLING

2.      Bob is _________________________than John.

(A)TALL(B) TALLER(C) THE TALLEST

3.      Yesterday we __________________ to the park.
(A)GO(B) GOES(C)WENT

VARIANT II

TASK 1

I have got a little puppy. I want it to be a_____________ dog.                                                                      WONDER

My dog needs a________________________________ room to live in                                                        SPACE

The dog can be ________________________________ , if you don’t teach it                                       DANGER

I feed my dog twice a day, as I want it to be___________ .                                                                                HEALTH

I oftenplay with my puppy. It’s so___________________ .                                                                                       FUN

TASK 2

I have got a cat. It’s grey and white. It usually__________ milk                                                                            DRINK

It__________________________________________ in a special place                                                    SLEEP

It__________________________________________ many toys and a scratching post                      HAVE

But we______________________________________ a cat flap for our doors                               NOT HAVE

In the evening I like to play with____________________ pet.                                                                                        I

TASK 3

If you want your dog (obey) your commands you must (teach) it. (Not let) your dog (jump)up. It can(scratch) you. When the dog (be) off its lead, it must learn (come) back. Look! The puppy (carry) an object. Take it from (it) mouth and say: “Drop”. Take your dog out for a walk. It (need)a lot of exercise.

TASK 4

1.I am proud___________ your progress.

(A) AT             (B) OF             (C) TO

2.“Where are you? We are waiting _________ you!”

(A)FOR           (B) TO             (C) AT

3. Peter is good _____________ Maths.

(A)IN              (B) AT             (C) ON

 

VARIANT III

TASK 1

Trafalgar Square is the___________________________ centre of London.                                    GEOGRAPHY

It was built to commemorate the___________________ victory of Britain                                                     NAVY

A lot of tourists come to this______________________ square every day                                                    FAME

It is busy and__________________________________ all year round                                                         NOISE

I am sure this place is very________________________ and is worth                                                      INTEREST

___________________________________________ .                                                                                      VISIT

TASK 2

London _____________________________________ the capital of Great Britain                                        BE

The Romans__________________________________ a settlement on the river Thames                FOUND

___________________________________________ than 2000 years ago                                            MANY

It__________________________________________ Londinium.                                                                  CALL

Now this large and prosperous city_________________ a lot of sightseeings                                               HAVE

TASK 3

Not far from Trafalgar Square there (be) a quiet little street.It is Downing Street. At number 10 each Prime Minister (live). (Walk) forwardwe come to Parliament Square. Westminster Abbey (situate) here. It (found) in the 11-th century. Almost all British kings and queens (crown) here.

TASK 4

1.                  Mylittle sistercomes_________home at half past five.

(A)A                (B) THE           (C)

2.                  Our classroom is on __________ second floor.

(A)—              (B) A               (C) THE

3.                  Russia is washed by the ocean in ___________ north.

(A)THE           (B) —              (C) A

VARIANT IV

TASK 1

A hundred years ago football was not ____________________.                                                               PROFESSION

The _______________ worked during the week and played in the                                                                          PLAY
public park on Saturday. Football was a game for real ______________.                                                        GENTLE

Football today in Great Britain is big _____________________________.                                                           BUSY

A lot of money is spent for __________________ good players.                                                                            TRAIN

Still football is a _____________________________ game.                                                                              WONDER

TASK 2

The USA __________ a young country.                                                                                                                                     BE

Its ________________ history is only a few hundred years old.                                                                             WRITE

______________ than320 million people live there.                                                                                                  MANY

They are a mixture of many different ___________________.                                                                NATIONALITY
Americans are not afraid of new ideas. They put the ______________                                                                   ONE
man on the Moon. Americans __________________ in old traditions, too.                                                INTEREST

This country is worth ____________________.                                                                                                               VISIT

TASK 3

The USA (be) a large country.If you (go) to the US, you (see) itsdifferent natural wonders.The country (have) almost every kind of weather. Many rivers (cross) it. But the (great) is the Mississippi.The Grand Canyon (be) one of the main tourist attractions.The river Colorado (form) it millions of years ago.

TASK 4

1.                  Please listen ___________ me!

(A) AT             (B)TO             (C)—

2.                  It’s too hot in the room! Can I take _________ my coat?

(A) ON            (B)OFF           (C) UP

3.                  He is afraid _________ big dogs.

(A) OF             (B)OFF           (C) with

VARIANT V

 

TASK 1

Grandfather sat down on the ________________________ seat,                                                                        WOOD
looking at Heidi. He was sad and silent. His eyes were _______________.                                                       HAPPY
_______________ he stood up and made the fire burn well.                                                                              SUDDEN

He cut a big piece of _______________________ cheese and put it near the fire                                             LOVE
until it was ____________________and brown on all its sides.                                                                               GOLD

TASK 2

Evening ____________ ,                                                                                                                                                         COME
and the wind in the fir trees grew __________________________.                                                                 STRONG

Suddenly the girl heard the sound of many _________________.                                                                          FOOT

The goats ________________________________ down the mountains.                                                           CLIMB

“Oh, are they all ___________?” cried Heidi.                                                                                                                     OUR

TASK 3

Heidi (look) round the room.

“Where I (go) to sleep, Grandfather?”

“Where you (want)”, he said. Heidi (see) some steps in the corner. She (climb) up them, and (find) herself in a room under the roof. There (be) hay on the floor. Through the window she (can) see the mountains.

TASK 4

1.                  He went to school ________ the age of 7.

(A) AT             (B)IN              (C) ON

2.                  It was ___________ the third of May.

(A) IN              (B)ON            (C)AT

3.                  They are looking _____ the blackboard.

(A) TO             (B)IN              (C) AT

VARIANT VI

TASK 1

In her ________________________ Heidi lived in the Swiss Alps.                                                                         CHILD

Then she went to Frankfurt and had lessons there. They were dull and __________                                       BORE
for her. In the afternoon Heidi sat and thought _______________ about her home.                                         SAD

She missed the ______________________ mountains and her little                                                                   SNOW
____________________ house. At night she lay awake for hours, and she often                                          WOOD
cried very _________________________.                                                                                                                       QUIET

TASK 2

One afternoon, while Clara _____________________________,                                                                            SLEEP
Grandma ____________________ Heidi to her room.                                                                                                  CALL

She gave a book to the girl and listened to the girl. Her reading _________                                                           GET
______________ and _________________.But then the old lady                                                                         GOOD
went back home and Clara _________________read to her any more.                                                        NOT CAN

TASK 3

One morning Sebastian (come) down and (find) the big front door open. “A thief (get) in” he thought. The servants (look) in every room. Nothing had been stolen! But in the morning the door (be) wide open again. The same thing (happen) day after day. The servants (not go) to sleep one night. Suddenly they (hear) a strange noise. It (be) Heidi, in her white nightdress, (stand) on the doorstep.

TASK 4

1.                  The room is next _____ the bathroom.

(A)TO             (B) AT             (C) IN

2.                  We can see a nice garden ____________the picture.

(A) AT             (B) IN              (C) ON

3.                  Our friends arrived __________ the station at 5.

(A) TO             (B) AT             (C) IN

VARIANT VII

 

TASK 1

Father Wolf was very cross with Shere Khan. He spoke ______________________                                       QUIET
but his eyes shone ___________________.                                                                                                                  ANGRY

He looked _____________ at all the cubs and made no sound.                                                                        CAREFUL

Baloo, the __________________ brown bear, who taught the wolf-cubs the Law                                           SLEEP
 of the Jungle, stood up and spoke. Then it was Bagheera, who promised a ______________                     NEW
killed bull for the child.

TASK 2

The Law of the Jungle was clear: when cubs ____________________ stand                                                         CAN
on their ________________ , theywere brought to the Pack meeting at full noon.                                         FOOT

One after ________________, a father or mother pushed a cub to the open space                                     OTHER
before the Leader. Then ________________ looked at Mowgli.                                                                            EVERY

He sat there,_______________ and playing with some little round stones.                                                    LAUGH

TASK 3

A roar (come) from outside the ring of (wolf) – the voice of Shere Khan,

“The cub is (my). Give(he) to me. Why you (want) a man’s cub?”Akela(not move) his ears.

“Who (speak) for the cub?” he asked. There (be) no answer, and Mother Wolf (be) ready for the fight.

Suddenly a black shape (drop) into the ring of (wolf). It (be) Bagheera the Black Panther. Nobody (want) to quarrel with (he). He was (quick) and (brave) than any other animal.

TASK 4

1.                  He is fond ___________ travelling

(A) IN              (B)AT              (C) OF

2.                  We were surprised ____________ her joke.

(A) AT             (B) ON            (C) OF

3.                  You can always rely _____ your friend

(A) OF             (B) AT             (C) ON

VARIANT VIII

TASK 1

A hundred years ago people believed that all the different sorts of __________things                                     LIVE
were put in this world by some ___________ power many thousand years ago.                                      MYSTERY
It was Charles Darwinwho showed that this was just a____________ legend.                                                    TYPE
As a boy Darwin loved to walk, ______________ insects, flowers and minerals.                                         COLLECT

He liked to watch his elder brother making ___________ experiments.                                                  CHEMISTRY

He spent a lot of time with a ____________, his friend, watching animals.                                                           ZOO

TASK 2

The British Museum has one of the ______________ libraries in the world.                                                    LARGE

You can find here one of the __________ English books printed by Saxton.                                                          ONE

Saxton was a printer who lived in the ___________________ century.                                                           FIFTEEN

He ____________ the first printing-press in England.                                                                                                 MAKE
In the reading room of the British Museum many famous __________________                                             MAN
Have read and studied.

TASK 3

The British Museum (have) a copy of every book that (print) in the English language, so that there are (many) than 6 million books there. They (receive) nearly two thousand books and papers (day).The Library (have) a very big collection of(print) books and manuscripts, both old and new.

TASK 4

1.                  He looks ___________ my little sister on Sunday.

(A) AT             (B) ON            (C) AFTER

2.                  My Dad gave ___________ smoking last month.

(A) IN              (B) UP            (C) TO

3.                  Russia is rich ____________ forests.

(A) OF             (B) ON            (C) IN

 

VARIANT IX

TASK1

After the Great Fire, Sir Christopher Wren, the__________________ architect                                                FAME
of those daystook part inthe ___________________ of the city.                                                               CONSTRUCT

The greater part of the houses in old London were ____________.                                                                    WOOD

The old church of St. Paul was among the old and shabby _______________                                                   BUILD
destroyed by the fire. In its place Wren built a ______________                                                                     WONDER
cathedral where he was buried after his______________________.                                                                     DEAD

 

TASK 2

In 1666 the Great Fire ____________ out in London. As the summer was hot the fire                                 BREAK
spread ________________ than usual.                                                                                                                               FAST

The Thames ___________________ with boats full of people.                                                                              COVER

On the other side of the river one could see people __________up tents.                                                             PUT

The fire destroyed the ___________________part of the city.                                                                                    OLD

TASK 3

Can you tell us what women (wear)? It (depend) on the season of the year. Usually it (be) a skirt and a blouse or a dress.If it (be) cold, they wear a coat.A pair of gloves and a hat (be) necessary. They also prefer(wear) stockings and shoes.
Can you tell us what men (wear)? They like(wear) a shirt and trousers, a coat or a jacket, socks and shoes. If it (be) cold, they put on a coat, a cap or a hat and a pair of gloves.
if it (rain), both men and women wear a raincoat.

TASK 4

1.                  My puppy is full __________fun.

(A) OF             (B) IN              (C) AT

2.                  There is a monument __________ Pushkin in Moscow

(A) OF             (B) AT             (C) TO

3.                  We arrived ______________ China in April

(A) AT             (B) IN              (C) TO

VARIANT X

TASK 1

The three gardeners looked very sad and _________________________.                                                       HAPPY

Suddenly they saw the Queen. It was a very strange ___________________.                                             PROCESS

Ten _________________________ came in front of all the others.                                                                    GUARD

They were like the ______________________________ but had a bit                                                           GARDEN
_________________ clothes.                                                                                                                                              DIFFER

TASK 2

The ____________________________ flowers in the garden were the roses.                                               PRETTY

Alice _________________________ to look at them.She saw three gardeners                                                  STOP
who __________________________ hard to make white roses red.                                                                   WORK

“Whythey _______________ that?” Alice wondered looking                                                                                         DO
at ______________.                                                                                                                                                                   THEY

TASK 3

The procession (move) on, but three soldiers (stay) to cut the gardeners’ heads off. The gardeners (run) to Alice for help, and she (put) (they) into a big flower pot. “(Not be afraid)”, she said. “They (not cut) your heads off.“The Queen (stop) and looked at the soldiers. “(They) heads (go), if you please,” they shouted to (she).

TASK 4

1.                  The girl looked _____ her mother anxiously.

(A) AT             (B) UP            (C) AFTER

2.                  “What are you looking______________”? My bag.”

(A) AT             (B) FOR          (C) AFTER

3.                  She looked ___________ the old lady at night.

(A) AT             (B) FOR          (C) AFTER

Ключи к заданиям

Test1

Democratic — democracy

Energetic — energy

Distant — distance

Diplomatic — diplomacy, diplomat

High — height

Constant — constancy

Traditional — tradition

Boring — boredom

Free — freedom

Long — length

Georgian — Georgia

Musical — music, musician

Poetic — poetry, poem, poet, poetess

Readable — reading, reader

Strong — strength

National — nation, nationality

Wide — width

European — Europe

Organizational — organization

Deep — depth

Bright — brightness

Experimental — experiment

Dark — darkness

Biological — biology, biologist

Naval — Navy

Central — centre

Friendly — friend, friendship

Pleasant — pleasure

Cultural — culture

Various — variety

Healthy — health

Clever — cleverness

Important — importance

 

Test 2

Agree — disagree

Fair — unfair

Moral — immoral

Fix — unfix

Place — displace

Approve — disapprove

Polite — impolite

Practical — impractical

Fair — unfair

Lock — unlock

Pack — unpack

Appoint — disappoint

Pleasant — unpleasant

Connect — disconnect

Possible — impossible

Order — disorder

Complete — incomplete

Rational — irrational

Material — immaterial

Believedisbelieve

Appear — disappear

Regular — irregular

Legal — illegal

Trust — distrust

Capableincapable

Dress — undress

Friendly — unfriendly

Adequate — inadequate

Tie — untie

True — untrue

Healthy — unhealthy

Pack — unpack

Important — unimportant

Test 3

Enjoy — enjoyable

Nerve — nervous

Friend — friendly

Scare — scary

Wind — windy

Luck — lucky

Adventure — adventurous

Snow — snowy

Differ — different

France — French

Eat — eatable

Fame — famous

Bore — boring

Predict — predictable

Profession — professional

Nation — national

Risk — risky

Wealth — wealthy

Success — successful

Child — childish

Globe — global

Science — scientific

Believe — believable

Change — changeable

Agree — agreeable

Confident — confidential

Talent — talented

Educate — educational

Real — realistic

Create — creative

 

Test 4

TASK 1

Make up these nouns female

an actor-------- an actress                                             a prince------------- a princess

a poet---------- apoetess                                               a steward---------- a stewardess

a waiter-------- awaitress                                              a host--------------- a hostess

a lion----------- a lioness                                                a tiger--------------- a tigress

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ity, -th,-dom,-ism

similar---------- similarity                                               brutal--------------- brutality

wide------------ width                                                     king------------------ kingdom

free------------- freedom                                                imperial------------- imperialism

social----------- socialism                                               wise----------------- wisdom

popular-------- popularity                                            original------------- originality

public----------- publicity                                                long----------------- length

true------------- truth                                                      deep----------------- depth

plural----------- pluralism                                               possible------------- possibility

ideal------------ idealism                                                 hero----------------- heroism

global----------- globalism                                              capital--------------- capitalism

active----------- activity                                                  patriot-------------- patriotism

Test5

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -hood, -ship,-ness,-ment

child------------ childhood                                             member------------ membership

fulfil------------- fulfilment                                              boy------------------ boyhood

develop-------- development                                       dark----------------- darkness

appoint-------- appointment                                       kind----------------- kindness

arrange-------- arrangement                                       friend--------------- friendship

rough----------- roughness                                            neat----------------- neatness

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -er,-or,-ist

piano----------- pianist                                                    write---------------- writer

act-------------- actor                                                      read----------------- reader

use-------------- user                                                        coordinate--------- coordinator

speak----------- speaker                                                 art------------------- artist

lead------------- leader                                                    drive---------------- driver

play------------- player                                                    cooperate---------- cooperator

TASK 3

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ence,-ance

exist------------- existence                                               depend------------- dependence

disturb--------- disturbance                                          appear-------------- appearance

Test 6

TASK 1

Make up compound nouns

work                             way

rail                                ball

snow                             step

black                             man

foot                               board

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -ful,-al,-ic

to use----------- useful                                                     nation--------------- national

harm----------- harmful                                                 poet----------------- poetic

to care--------- careful                                                   industry------------ industrial

person--------- personal                                                pain----------------- painful

hope------------ hopeful                                                 economy----------- economic, economical

TASK 3

Make up adjectives using suffixes:-less,-y,-en

wood----------- wooden                                                rock----------------- rocky

help------------- helpless                                                 wind----------------- windy

gold------------- golden                                                   sun------------------ sunny

dirt-------------- dirty                                                       hope---------------- hopeless

Test 7

TASK 1

Make up verbs using suffixes: -ize(ise), -en, and the prefix re-

national-------- nationalize                                           organ--------------- organize

call-------------- recall                                                      computer---------- computerize

build------------ rebuild                                                   length--------------- lengthen

print------------ reprint                                                   central-------------- centralize

make----------- remake                                                  weak---------------- weaken

TASK 2

Make up verbs using prefixes: dis-, un-

to agree-------- to disagree                                      to lock---------------- to unlock

to appear------- to disappear                                       to dress------------- to undress

to respect------ to disrespect                                        to trust-------------- to distrust

to pack--------- to unpack                                             to order------------ to disorder

to like----------- to dislike                                               to arrange---------- to disarrange

to organize---- to disorganize                                     to do---------------- to undo

to believe------ to disbelieve                                        to connect--------- to disconnect

to approve---- to disapprove                                      to fix----------------- to unfix

to place-------- to displace                                            to hurt-------------- to unhurt

Test 8

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -er,-or,-ist,-ian

teach----------- teacher                                                  violin---------------- violinist

dictate---------- dictator                                                 kill------------------- killer

mathematics-- mathematician                                    paint---------------- painter

optics----------- optician                                                 walk----------------- walker

invent---------- inventor                                                direct---------------- director

TASK 2

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ion,-tion,-ation,-ment

to communicate------- communication                    to intend----------- intention

to implement----------- implementation                    to interpret-------- interpretation

to accuse---------------- accusation                              to reflect----------- reflection

to object---------------- objection                                topunish------------ punishment

to treat------------------ treatment                               to demonstrate--- demonstration

to celebrate------------- celebration                            to imagine---------- imagination

to manage-------------- management                         to accept----------- acception

to suggest--------------- suggestion                              to illuminate------- illumination

to educate-------------- education                               to decorate-------- decoration

to inform---------------- information                           to impress---------- impression

to collect---------------- collection                                to argue------------ argument

to produce-------------- production                             to construct-------- construction

to equip----------------- equipment                             to migrate---------- migration

Test 9

TASK 1

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ion,-tion,-ation,

to adopt----------------- adoption                                 to situate----------- situation

to formulate------------ formulation                           to describe--------- description

to explain--------------- explanation                            to locate------------ location

to reduce---------------- reduction                               to combine--------- combination

to decorate------------- decoration                             to discriminate---- discrimination

to reserve--------------- reservation                            to conduct--------- conduction

to translate------------- translation                             to create------------ creation

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -able,-ous,-y,-ic,-ful

misery------------------- miserable                               fan------------------- fanatic

danger------------------- dangerous                              change-------------- changeable

luck----------------------- lucky                                        vary----------------- various

metal--------------------- metallic                                   frost----------------- frosty

mist---------------------- misty                                        rain------------------ rainy

wonder------------------ wonderful                              pain----------------- painful

hope--------------------- hopeful                                   beauty-------------- beautiful

history------------------- historic                                    joy------------------- joyful

miracle------------------ miraculous                             sorrow-------------- sorrowful

mystery----------------- mysterious                             adventure---------- adventurous

use----------------------- useful                                      ambition------------ ambitious

Test 10

TASK 1

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-, dis-

literate------------------- illiterate                                  legal----------------- illegal

different----------------- indifferent                              kind----------------- unkind

possible------------------ impossible                              believable---------- unbelievable

honest------------------- dishonest                                healthy------------- unhealthy

convenient-------------- inconvenient                         advantage---------- disadvantage

comfortable------------ uncomfortable                     agreement--------- disagreement

TASK 2

Make up adjectives using suffixes:-ic, -al,-ing,-y,-ful,-ive, -able, -ous

botany------------------- botanic                                    tradition------------ traditional

excitement-------------- exiting                                     rule------------------ ruling

relax---------------------- relaxing                                   noise---------------- noisy

interest------------------ interesting                              success-------------- successful

recognize--------------- recognizable                          invent--------------- inventive

finance------------------ financial                                  expense------------- expensive

fame--------------------- famous                                    create--------------- creative

profession-------------- professional                           centre--------------- central

geography-------------- geographical                         navy----------------- naval

entertain---------------- entertaining                           nation--------------- national

educate------------------ educational                            lyrics---------------- lyrical

amazement------------- amazing                                  luck------------------ lucky

Test 11

TASK 1

Make up adjectives using suffixes: -ive,-ic,-ent,-able,-ous,-ful,-ing,-y

attraction--------------- attractive                                science-------------- scientific

touch-------------------- touching                                 comfort------------- comfortable

prosperity--------------- prosperous                            construction------- constructive

fashion------------------ fashionable                            invent--------------- inventive

differ--------------------- different                                 capability----------- capable

taste---------------------- tasty                                         amaze--------------- amazing

scare--------------------- scary                                        train----------------- training

warn--------------------- warning                                  instruct------------- instructive

fascinate---------------- fascinating                             wealth-------------- wealthy

prevent------------------ preventive                             health--------------- healthy

TASK 2

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-,un-,dis-, mis-

sure---------------------- unsure                                     known-------------- unknown

usual--------------------- unusual                                   capable------------- incapable

location------------------ dislocation                             bearable------------ unbearable

employed--------------- unemployed                          regular-------------- irregular

freezing----------------- unfreezing                             limited-------------- unlimited

balance------------------ misbalance                             popular------------- unpopular

graceful----------------- ungraceful                             typical--------------- untypical

play---------------------- display                                     polite---------------- impolite

Test 12

Make up words using prefixes: un-,il-,ir-,im-,in-, dis-, mis-

capable------------------ incapable                                pact----------------- impact

adequate---------------- inadequate                            damaged----------- undamaged

decided------------------ undecided                              declared------------ undeclared

mature------------------ immature                               logical--------------- illogical

memorial---------------- immemorial                           modest------------- immodest

mortal------------------- immortal                                solve---------------- dissolve

position------------------ disposition                             place---------------- displace

play---------------------- display                                     order---------------- disorder

miss---------------------- dismiss                                    like------------------- dislike

active-------------------- inactive                                   habited------------- inhabited

accurate----------------- inaccurate                              liberal--------------- illiberal

understand------------- misunderstand                     fortune------------- misfortune

lead---------------------- mislead                                   corporate---------- incorporate

resolute----------------- irresolute                                relevant------------ irrelevant

sure---------------------- unsure                                     count---------------- discount

honourable------------- dishonourable                      locate--------------- dislocate

Make up nouns using suffixes: -ence,-ance

to coincide-------------- coincidence                           to insure------------ insurance

to insist------------------ insistence                               to interfere-------- interference


Ключи к комбинированным тестам

VARIANTI

TASK 1

First books were made of wood, clay or skins of killed animals.                                                                                  KILL

Paper came to Europe from China.All books were beautifully decorated.                                                      BEAUTY

Theinventionof printing was a great event in the history.                                                                                      INVENT

Modern books are very interesting.                                                                                                                             INTEREST

They help people get information quickly.                                                                                                                      QUICK

TASK 2

I live in Russia. It’sthe biggest country in the world.                                                                                                          BIG

It has many rivers, hills, seas and cities.                                                                                                                               CITY

The capital of Russia is Moscow.                                                                                                                                                 BE

Our country is large.                                                                                                                                                                       WE

It has many lakes.                                                                                                                                                                       HAVE

The deepestlake is Lake Baikal.                                                                                                                                               DEEP

TASK 3

My parents and I like to goto the Black Sea in summer. The water in the sea is usually clean and warm. Look! The sun is shining brightly in the blue sky. The wind is blowingnow. But when it is too hot I don’t likeit.

Last year I went to the sea again. It was wonderful. We swam and sunbathedevery day. Sometimes we collected shells and pebbles. It wasgreat!

TASK 4

1.  I often___А______________________________.

(A) TRAVEL      (B) TO TRAVEL      (C) TRAVELLING

2.Bob is _____В____________________than John.

(A) TALL            (B) TALLER              (C) THE TALLEST

3. Yesterday we _____С_____________ to the park.

(A) GO               (B) GOES                 (C) WENT

VARIANT II

TASK 1

I have got a little puppy. I want it to be a wonderfuldog.                                                                                    WONDER

My dog needs a spaciousroom to live in.                                                                                                                         SPACE

The dog can bedangerous, if you don’t teach it.                                                                                                       DANGER

I feed my dog twice a day, as I want it to be healthy.                                                                                              HEALTH

I often play with my puppy. It’s so funny.                                                                                                                            FUN

TASK 2

I have got a cat. It’s grey and white. It usuallydrinks milk.                                                                                         DRINK

It sleeps in a special place.                                                                                                                                                      SLEEP

Ithas many toys and a scratching post.                                                                                                                               HAVE

But we don’t have a cat flap for our doors.                                                                                                            NOT HAVE

In the evening I like to play with mypet.                                                                                                                                      I

TASK 3

If you want your dog to obey your commands you must teach it. Don’t let your dog jump up. It canscratch you. When the dog is off its lead, it must learn to come back. Look! The puppy is carryingan object. Take it from its mouth and say: “Drop”. Take your dog out for a walk. It needsa lot of exercise.

TASK 4

1.I am proud ______B_______ your progress.

(A) AT                (B) OF                      (C) TO

2.“Where are you? We are waiting ____A_____ you!”

(A)FOR              (B) TO                      (C) AT

3. Peter is good _____B________ Maths.

(A)IN                 (B) AT                       (C) ON

 

VARIANT III

TASK 1

Trafalgar Square is the geographicalcentre of London.                                                                                 GEOGRAPHY

It was built to commemorate the naval victory of Britain.                                                                                         NAVY

A lot of tourists come to this famous square every day.                                                                                             FAME

It is busy and noisy all year round.                                                                                                                                      NOISE

I am sure this place is very interesting and is worth                                                                                              INTEREST
visiting
.                                                                                                                                                                                            VISIT

TASK 2

London is the capital of Great Britain.                                                                                                                                       BE

The Romansfoundeda settlement on the river Thames                                                                                           FOUND
more
than 2000 years ago.                                                                                                                                                    MANY

It was calledLondinium.                                                                                                                                                             CALL

Now this large and prosperous city has a lot of sightseeings.                                                                                    HAVE

TASK 3

Not far from Trafalgar Square there is a quiet little street.It is Downing Street. At number 10 each Prime Minister lives. Walking forwardwe come to Parliament Square. Westminster Abbey is situated here. It was founded in the 11-th century. Almost all British kings and queens were crowned here.

TASK 4

1.My little sister comes___C______home at half past five.

(A) A                  (B) THE                    (C) ---

2. Our classroom is on ______C____ second floor.

(A) ---                (B) A                         (C) THE

3. Russia is washed by the ocean in ______A_____ north.

(A) THE              (B) ---                       (C) A

VARIANT IV

TASK 1

A hundred years ago football was not professional.                                                                                       PROFESSION

The players worked during the week and played in the                                                                                                PLAY
public park on Saturday. Football was a game for real gentlemen.                                                                     GENTLE

Football today in Great Britain is big business.                                                                                                                BUSY

A lot of money is spent fortraining good players.                                                                                                         TRAIN

Still football is awonderfulgame.                                                                                                                                  WONDER

TASK 2

The USA is a young country.                                                                                                                                                      BE

Its written history is only a few hundred years old.                                                                                                  WRITE

 Morethan 320 million people live there.                                                                                                                     MANY

They are a mixture of many different nationalities.                                                                                  NATIONALITY

Americans are not afraid of new ideas. They put the first                                                                                          ONE
man on the Moon. Americans are interested in old traditions, too.                                                            INTEREST

This country is worth visiting.                                                                                                                                              VISIT

TASK 3

The USA is a large country. If you go to the US, you will see itsdifferent natural wonders. The country has almost every kind of weather. Many rivers cross it. But the greatestis the Mississippi. The Grand Canyon is one of the main tourist attractions. The river Colorado formed it millions of years ago.

TASK 4

1.     Please listen __B_________ me!

(A) AT                (B) TO          (C)---

2.     It’s too hot in the room! Can I take ____B_____ my coat?

(A) ON              (B) OFF       (C) UP

3.     He is afraid ____B_____ big dogs.

(A) OF               (B) OFF       (C) with

VARIANT V

TASK 1

Grandfather sat down on the wooden seat,                                                                                                                  WOOD
looking at Heidi. He was sad and silent. His eyes were unhappy.                                                                          HAPPY

Suddenly he stood up and made the fire burn well.                                                                                                SUDDEN

He cut a big piece of lovely cheese and put it near the fire                                                                                         LOVE
until it was goldenand brown on all its sides.                                                                                                                  GOLD

TASK 2

Evening came,                                                                                                                                                                             COME
and the wind in the fir trees grewstronger.                                                                                                                STRONG

Suddenly the girl heard the sound of many feet.                                                                                                            FOOT

The goats were climbing down the mountains.                                                                                                             CLIMB

“Oh, are they allours?” cried Heidi.                                                                                                                                        OUR

TASK 3

Heidi lookedround the room.

“Where will I goto sleep, Grandfather?”

“Where you want ,” he said.Heidisaw some steps in the corner. She climbed up them, and foundherself in a room under the roof. There was hay on the floor. Through the window she couldsee the mountains.

TASK 4

1.      He went to school _____B___ the age of 7.

(A) AT             (B) IN                    (C) ON

2.      It was _____B______ the third of May.

(A) IN             (B) ON                  (C) AT

3.      They are looking ____C_ the blackboard.

(A) TO            (B) IN                    (C) AT

VARIANT VI

TASK 1

In her childhoodHeidi lived in the Swiss Alps.                                                                                                                 CHILD

Then she went to Frankfurt and had lessons there. They were dull and boring                                                  BORE
for her. In the afternoon Heidi sat and thought sadly about her home.                                                                   SAD

She missed the snowymountains and her little                                                                                                            SNOW
wooden
house. At night she lay awake for hours, and she often                                                                           WOOD
cried very quietly.                                                                                                                                                                      QUIET

TASK 2

One afternoon, while Clara was sleeping,                                                                                                                         SLEEP

Grandma called Heidi to her room.                                                                                                                                       CALL

She gave a book to the girl and listened to her. Her reading was getting                                                                 GET
better
andbetter.But then the old lady                                                                                                                            GOOD
went back home and Claracouldn’tread to her any more.                                                                                  NOT CAN

TASK 3

One morning Sebastian came down and foundthe big front door open. “A thief has gotin” he thought. The servantslooked in every room. Nothing had been stolen! But in the morning the door was wide open again. The same thing happened day after day. The servants didn’t go to sleep one night. Suddenly they heard a strange noise. It was Heidi, in her white nightdress, standing on the doorstep.

TASK 4

1. The room is next ___A__ the bathroom.

(A) TO                (B) AT                (C) IN

2. We can see a nice garden ______B______the picture.

(A) AT                (B) IN                 (C) ON

3. Our friends arrived ____A______ the station at 5.

(A) TO                (B) AT                (C) IN

VARIANT VII

TASK 1

Father Wolf was very cross with Shere Khan. He spoke quietly                                                                               QUIET

but his eyes shone angrily.                                                                                                                                                  ANGRY

He looked carefully at all the cubs and made no sound.                                                                                       CAREFUL

Baloo, thesleepybrown bear, who taught the wolf-cubs the Law                                                                            SLEEP
of the Jungle, stood up and spoke. Then it was Bagheera, who promised a newly                                            NEW
killed bull for the child.

TASK 2

The Law of the Jungle was clear: when cubs couldstand                                                                                                CAN
on their feet , theywere brought to the Pack meeting at full noon.                                                                        FOOT

One afteranother, a father or mother pushed a cub to the open space                                                             OTHER
before the Leader. Then everybody looked at Mowgli.                                                                                              EVERY

He sat there,laughing and playing with some little round stones.                                                                        LAUGH

TASK 3

A roar camefrom outside the ring of wolves– the voice of Shere Khan.

“The cub is mine. Give him to me. Whydoyou wanta man’s cub?”Akeladidn’t move his ears.

“Who will speak for the cub?” he asked. There was no answer, and Mother Wolf was ready for the fight.

Suddenly a black shade dropped into the ring of wolves.It wasBagheera, the Black Panther. Nobodywantedto quarrel with him.He was quicker and braver than any other animal.

TASK 4

1. He is fond ________C___ travelling

(A) IN                 (B)AT                    (C) OF

2. We were surprised _______A_____ her joke.

(A) AT                (B) ON                  (C) OF

3. You can always rely ____C_ your friend

(A) OF               (B) AT                    (C) ON

VARIANT VIII

TASK 1

A hundred years ago people believed that all the different sorts of livingthings                                                  LIVE
were put in this world by some mysterious power many thousand years ago.                                          MYSTERY
It was Charles Darwinwho showed that this was just atypical legend.                                                                    TYPE

As a boy Darwin loved to walk, collecting insects, flowers and minerals.                                                       COLLECT

He liked to watch his elder brother making chemical experiments.                                                           CHEMISTRY

He spent a lot of time with a zoolist, his friend, watching animals                                                                             ZOO

TASK 2

The British Museum has one of the largestlibraries in the world.                                                                          LARGE

You can find here one of the first English books printed by Saxton.                                                                          ONE

Saxton was a printer who lived in the fifteenthcentury.                                                                                         FIFTEEN

Hemadethe first printing-press in England.                                                                                                                     MAKE

In the reading room of the British Museum many famousmen                                                                                 MAN
have read and studied.

TASK 3

The British Museumhasa copy of every book that is printed in the English language, so that there are morethan 6 million books there. They receive nearly two thousand books and papers daily. The Library hasa very big collection of printed books and manuscripts, both old and new.

TASK 4

1. He looks _______C____ my little sister on Sunday.

(A) AT                                            (B) ON                                           (C) AFTER

2. My Dad gave _____B______ smoking last month.

(A) IN                                             (B) UP                                            (C) TO

3. Russia is rich ______C______ forests.

(A) OF                                            (B) ON                                           (C) IN

VARIANT IX

TASK 1

After the Great Fire, Sir Christopher Wren, the famousarchitect                                                                            FAME

of those days took part inthe construction of the city.                                                                                   CONSTRUCT

The greater part of the houses in old London werewooden.                                                                                  WOOD

The old church of St. Paul was among the old and shabby buildings                                                                     BUILD

destroyed by the fire. In its place Wren built a wonderful                                                                                  WONDER

cathedral where he was buried after hisdeath.                                                                                                               DEAD

TASK 2

In 1666 the Great Fire brokeout in London. As the summer was hot the fire                                                    BREAK
spread faster than usual.                                                                                                                                                           FAST

The Thames was covered with boats full of people.                                                                                                   COVER

On the other side of the river one could see people puttingup tents.                                                                       PUT

The fire destroyed the oldestpart of the city.                                                                                                                     OLD

TASK 3

Can you tell us whatwomen wear? It depends on the season of the year. Usually it is a skirt and a blouse or a dress. If itis cold, they wear a coat. A pair of gloves and a hat are necessary. They also preferwearing stockings and shoes.

Can you tell us whatmen wear? They likewearing a shirt and trousers, a coat or a jacket, socks and shoes. If it is cold, they put on a coat, a cap or a hat and a pair of gloves.
If it rains, both men and women wear a raincoat.

TASK 4

1. My puppy is full _____A_____fun.

(A) OF                      (B) IN                          (C) AT

2. There is a monument _____C_____ Pushkin in Moscow

(A) OF                      (B) AT                          (C) TO

3. We arrived ________B______ China in April

(A) AT                      (B) IN                          (C) TO

VARIANT X

TASK 1

The three gardeners looked very sad andunhappy.                                                                                                    HAPPY

Suddenly they saw the Queen. It was a very strangeprocession.                                                                      PROCESS

Tenguardians came in front of all the others.                                                                                                              GUARD

They were like thegardenersbut had a bit                                                                                                                  GARDEN
different
clothes.                                                                                                                                                                       DIFFER

TASK 2

The ____________________________ flowers in the garden were the roses.                                               PRETTY

Alice _________________________ to look at them. She saw three gardeners                                                 STOP

who __________________________ hard to make white roses red.                                                                   WORK

“Whythey _______________ that?” Alice wondered looking                                                                                         DO

at ______________.                                                                                                                                                                   THEY

TASK 3

The procession moved on, but three soldiers stayed to cut the gardeners’ heads off. The gardeners ranto Alice for help, and she putthem into a big flower pot. “Don’t be afraid”, she said. “They will not cut your heads off. “The Queen stopped and looked at the soldiers. “Their heads go, if you please,” they shouted to her.

TASK 4

1.       The girl looked __A___ her mother anxiously.

(A) AT                                         (B) UP                                   (C) AFTER

2. “What are you looking________B______”? My bag.”

(A) AT                                         (B) FOR                                (C) AFTER

3. She looked ______C_____ the old lady at night.

 (A) AT                                        (B) FOR                                (C) AFTER

Библиография

1.       Камянова Т. Г. “Практический курс английского языка”, “Дом Славянской Книги”, Москва 2009 г.

2.       Афанасьева О. В. “Мировая классика на английском языке”, “ЦентрКом”,Москва 2010 г.

3.       Ермолова И. В., Шереметьева А. В. “Английский язык. Тренировочные варианты”, издательство “Лицей”, 2009 г.

4.       Тер-Минасова С. Г. “Английский язык. Всероссийские Олимпиады”, “Просвещение”, Москва 2009 г.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Начнем с конца. Написанное Вами эссе будет оцениваться по следующим критериям:

Аспект

Максимальное кол-во баллов

Решение коммуникативной задачи (содержание)

3

Организация текста (структура)

3

Лексика

3

Грамматика

3

Орфография и пунктуация

2

Максимальное количество баллов, которое Вы можете получить за эссе – 14 баллов.



Перед тем как задумываться о правильном выполнении каждого критерия, сначала давайте сделаем наше эссе по английскому языку пригодным для проверки. Самое главное здесь – объем.

Формально Ваше эссе по английскому языку должно уложиться в 200-250 слов. Это не надо воспринимать буквально и паниковать, если Вы написали 198 слов. Однако, имейте в виду, что эссе не будет проверяться, если количество слов в нем менее 180. Если же у Вас получится более 275 слов, то проверяющий отсчитает от начала эссе 250 слов, отчертит остальное и проверит всё вплоть до черты. То есть, при первом раскладе Вы теряете всё эссе; при втором, скорее всего, потеряете заключение, что тоже немаловажно.



Содержание и структура эссе

Прежде всего, Ваше эссе по английскому языку должно осветить ВСЕ аспекты, изложенные в задании, а также должно быть написанным в соответствующем стиле (нейтральном). Оно должно логично делиться на абзацы и соответствовать предложенному в задании плану.

Чтобы не запутаться в процессе написания Вашего эссе, надо потратить 5-7 минут на обдумывание плана и подготовку всех аргументов. Традиционно мы будем делить эссе на пять абзацев.

Абзац 1. Вступление

Здесь должна быть постановка проблемы. Поскольку постановка проблемы уже изложена в задании, Ваша задача – грамотно её пересказать. Именно ПЕРЕСКАЗАТЬ, а не перефразировать.

Совет: Не перечитывайте задание 10 раз, пока формулировки не вдолбятся Вам в голову. Тогда писать вступление своими словами будет очень и очень трудно. Прочитайте данную в задании ситуацию один или два раза, убедитесь, что Вы правильно её поняли. Закройте готовую ситуацию и попытайтесь её пересказать на английском языке именно так, как Вы её поняли, как будто Вы рассказываете об этом другу, который не понял, о чём там шла речь. ВНИМАНИЕ: после того как Вы это сделали, обязательно откройте ситуацию и убедитесь, что Ваш пересказ по сути совпадает с данной Вам ситуацией. Теперь можно ехать дальше.

Вместо банальных “Some people think, ... Others think, ...” можно использовать:

 Some people claim that ..., while others argue that ...

После того как Вы описали суть проблемы, можно задать непосредственно вопрос, на который Вы и будете отвечать в своём эссе. Например: “What is better: ... or ...?”, “What should we do: ... or ...?” и т.д.

Последним предложением вступительного абзаца Вы должны поставить цель Вашего эссе. Это можно сделать, например, так:

 In this essay I will try to look upon this issue.
 In this essay I will try to express my opinion on this issue.
 In this essay I would like to express my point of view on this issue.
 In this essay I will try to answer this question. (Это наиболее простой вариант, если предыдущие два Вам вспомнить будет трудно, вспомните его)

Абзац 2. Ваше мнение

Начать этот абзац логичнее всего с высказывания Вашей позиции касательно данного вопроса. Полезные фразы (обязательно соблюдайте данную пунктуацию!):

 In my opinion, ...
 From my point of view, ...
 To my mind, ...
 Personally, I think that ...
 I’m certain that ...
 As far as I am concerned, ...

Далее надо дать 2-3 аргумента, подтверждающие Вашу точку зрения. Аргументы могут быть любые, если Вы их грамотно истолкуете. То есть такие, чтобы с ними сложно было поспорить (в разумных пределах, разумеется).

Совет: Лучше дать 2 аргумента и подробно их оправдать и привести примеры в их поддержку, чем 3 кратких и не полностью раскрытых. Помните, что количество слов в эссе ограничено.

Здесь не надо забывать про средства логической связи предложений. Первый аргумент хорошо начать с:

 Firstly, ...
 To start with, ...
 To begin with, ...
 First of all, ...

После того как Вы сформулировали первый аргумент, надо его подтвердить и/или дать пример в подтверждение. Вот самые простые модели, как это можно сделать:

 <аргумент>, because ...
 <аргумент>. That is why ...
 <аргумент>. For example, ...

Если Вы начинали словом “Firstly, ...”, то второй аргумент следует начать словом Secondly, ...

Если первый аргумент шел с фразами “To start with, ...”, “To begin with, ...”, то второй можно начать следующими словами:

 Moreover, ...
 Furthermore, ...
 Besides, ...
 In addition, ...

Второй аргумент надо также подкрепить примером или доказательством.

Абзац 3. Противоположное мнение

Начинать абзац Вы будете с постановки противоположного мнения по предложенной теме или вопросу. Сделать это можно так:

 Others believe that ...
 Some people argue that ...
 However, some people think that ...

Далее следуют 1-2 аргумента, подтверждающие противоположное мнение. Советую изначально подумать о двух. А уж сколько в итоге написать: 1 или 2 – решите в процессе, исходя их получающегося размера Вашего эссе.

Совет: Противоположные аргументы Вам потом предстоит оспорить, поэтому, придумывая их изначально, продумывайте, как Вы будете их оспаривать. Если на придуманный аргумент Вам нечем возразить, лучше сразу его заменить на другой, чтобы не делать это во время написания эссе. Оно ведь тоже ограничено!

Совет: При оспаривании аргументов, Вы не должны повторять ничего из написанного во втором абзаце. Поэтому, если у Вас не получается придумать контраргумент, не повторяясь, попробуйте придумать что-то другое. Как вариант, Вы можете придумать другие аргументы «за», пока сочинение еще не написано. В любом случае, лучше это продумать изначально, пока Вы составляете план эссе, нежели чем в процессе написания!

Абзац 4. Ваши контраргументы

Суть этого абзаца – объяснить, почему Вы не согласны с противоположным мнением. Начать абзац можно, например, с предложения:

 I can’t agree with this opinion because ...
 I’m afraid I can’t agree with this idea because ...

ВНИМАНИЕ: если Вы дали два аргумента в предыдущем абзаце, то и опровергнуть надо обязательно оба. Разграничить их можно следующими фразами:

 As for ...,
 Speaking about ...,
 As far as ... is concerned,

Совет: При опровержении противоположных аргументов лучше всего предлагать пути их решения, а не доказывать их недееспособность. Например, если кто-то считает, что домашние животные опасные, то не надо утверждать, что они, на самом деле, безобидные. Лучше обратить этот недостаток в достоинство, сказав, что зато они являются отличными охранниками в загородных домах.

Абзац 5. Заключение

Самая частая ошибка многих учеников : в заключении они просто высказывают свое мнение. Этого не достаточно. Ведь заключение относится ко всему эссе, а не только ко второму абзацу.

Таким образом, в заключении надо суммировать всё, о чем говорилось в эссе и выразить свою точку зрения. Также можно дать свои рекомендации по существующей проблеме. Самое главное: в заключении не должно быть никакой новой информации.

Я бы рекомендовала лексически обозначить, что дальше у нас пойдет заключение. Начать абзац можно так:

 In conclusion, ...
 To sum up, ...
 To conclude, ...

Далее даём читающему понять, что существует две точки зрения на данную проблему, и несмотря на противоположную точку зрения, мы всё-таки придерживаемся своей. Например, сделать это можно по следующей схеме:

 Despite the fact that ..., I’m convinced that ...
 Taking into consideration different opinions on this issue, I believe that ...



Языковое оформление эссе

После того как Вы написали ЕГЭ эссе по английскому, обязательно пересмотрите его еще раз на предмет возможных ошибок. Из моего опыта наиболее частых ошибок, советую обратить внимание на следующие вещи:

Пробегитесь отдельно по всем существительным. Если существительное исчисляемое и стоит в единственном числе, перед ним обязательно должен быть артикль! Скорее всего, он у вас должен быть неопределенный (но смотрите сами по контексту).

Пробегитесь по всем вводным словам и фразам и убедитесь, что после них стоят запятые. Перед словом ‘that’, наоборот, запятой не должно быть: “I think that ...”, “Others believe that ...”.

Если подлежащее выражено 3 лицом единственного числа (he/she/it), не забудьте к глаголу приписать окончание –s!

По поводу «умных» слов отдельный разговор. В критериях оценивания есть отдельный пункт: Лексика. Поверьте, лучше не употребить умное слово, чем употребить его неверно и получить за это минус баллы.

Совет: Если Вы не знаете много «умной» лексики, по максимуму впихните её в заранее заученные фразы. Например, вместо банального “for example” можно использовать “for instance”; вместо “I think” употреблять “I believe / suppose / presume”. То есть, по сути, Вам надо придумать лексику, которую Вы точно сможете употребить в Вашем эссе по английскому, какая бы тема Вам ни попалась.

 

 

 

 

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