СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
І. Пояснителная
записка…………………………………………………….2-3
II. Основные
факты:
1. Донбасс – моя
родная земля………………………………………………4-6
2. Символ
Донецка……………………………………………………………6-7
3. Мой Донбасс………………………………………………………………..8
ІІI.
Донбасс промышленный:
1. Промышленность………………………………………………………….9-10
2. Экономика
и бизнес………………………………………………………11-12
ІV.
Природа:
1. Климат
и география……………………………………………………….13-14
2. Флора и фауна……………………………………………………………..14-16
V.
История и культура:
1. Из истории
Донбасса………………………………………………………17-19
2. Знаменитые люди
Донбасса……………………………………………….20-23
3. Экскурсия по
Донецку……………………………………………………..23-28
4. Праздники
и традиции……………………………………………………..29-34
CONTESTS
I.
Introduction………………………………………………………………2-3
II.
Basic facts:
1. Donbass is my Native Land…………………………………………..4-6
2. A Symbol of Donetsk…………………………...................................6-7
3. My Donbass …………………………………………………………..8
III.
Industrial
Donbass:
1. Industry………………………………………………………………9-10
2. Economy
and Business………………………………………………11-12
IV.
Nature:
1. Climate and Geography……………………………………………..13-14
2. Flora
and Fauna……………………………………………………..14-16
V.
History and Culture:
1. From
the History of Donbass…………………..................................17-19
2. Famous Personalities of Donbass……………………………………20-23
3. Donetsk Tour
…………...…………………………………………..23-28
4. Holidays and
Traditions……………………………………………..29–34
ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ
ЗАПИСКА
Наши тексты для чтения по теме:
"Наш родной Донбасс" — это хорошая возможность обогатить и расширить знания
по данной теме, стимулировать процесс самостоятельного совершенствования и овладения
английским языком.
Сегодня, как никогда раньше, иностранный язык открывает двери в мир культуры,
спорта, бизнеса, информационных технологий и будущего процветания. Главная
задача системы образования — удовлетворение потребности в подготовке
жизнеспособной и конкурентоспособной молодежи, которая бы достойно представляла
Донбасс в мировом сообществе, способствовала развитию социально-экономической,
политической и культурной сфер жизни нашего края.
Мы считаем, что это методическое пособие прольёт свет на малоизвестные и интересные
факты о нашей Родине — Донбассе, покажет наиболее важные моменты истории
Донбасса, знаменитых людей, становление промышленности и бизнеса нашего родного
края, его географического положения, климата, мира флоры и фауны.
С нашей точки зрения эти тексты для чтения дают шанс поверить и убедиться ещё
раз, что мы живём на прекрасной земле — Донбассе, с её уникальной историей,
традициями, отважными и добрыми людьми.
В настоящее время особую актуальность приобретают развитие традиций в системе
патриотического воспитания, реализация которых ориентирована на формирование
гражданской позиции обучаемых средствами иностранного языка, изучаемого в школе.
Читая эти тексты на английском языке,
вы проявляете любовь и уважение к нашей родной земле. Это ступенька к вашим
будущим победам и достижениям.
Dear
pupils!
Our texts for reading are basic opportunities of
raising the quality of education. They will help you to enrich your knowledge
on the topic: «Donbass is our Native
Land», stimulate the process of mastering
the English language.
Today, as never before, a foreign language opens the
door into the world of culture, sport, business, a dignified job and a future
prosperity.
We consider these texts will shed the light on the
unknown facts about our Motherland — Dondass,
show you the most important moments of Donbass history, famous people,
industry, business, geographical position, climate, the world of fauna and
flora.
To our mind out texts for reading give you a chance
to believe and know that we live on a beautiful, dignified land with its own
unique history, traditions, brave people with opened and kind hearts.
Reading these texts you can show your love and
respect to your Motherland. It is a step to your future victories and
achievements.
With
love,
your
teachers of English
Marina
Gnilitskaya and Victoriya Merezhko
Ask not what your country can do
for you, ask what you can do for your country
Kennedy
|
(
Donbass Is
My Native Land
Do you know what Englishmen say about their
native land? “East
or West, home is best.” “There is no place
like home.” “Every bird likes its own nest.”
So for every person his Motherland is the
dearest one. We were born in Donbass – the land of wide steppes,
rich fields, green forests, and high slagheaps.
Donbass is washed by the Azov Sea in the south. It borders on Russia in the
north and north-west and Ukraine in the east.
Donetsk is the capital city of our Motherland. It
stands on the banks of the river Kalmius. It is the city of million
roses. It is an important industrial, scientific, cultural center of our native
land.
Donbass is rich in mineral resources, soils,
nature, but the main treasure is its people.
Our land is famous for many names. The whole
world knows such names as Arhip Kuindzhy, Iosif Kobzon, Alexander Hanzhonkov,
Sergey Bubka, Liliya Podkopayeva etc. The Donbass people are hardworking,
generous and real patriots who will overcome any difficulties and never betray
their Motherland.
We are proud of our Donbass and want to become
its worthy residents.
I)
Translate the underlined
words into Russian.
II)
Answer the questions.
1. What
is Donbass rich in?
2. What
countries does it border on?
3. What
is the capital city of Donbass?
4. It
stands on the river Kalmius, doesn`t it?
5. What
famous people of Donbass do you know?
6. Can
you explain Kennedy`s words? Are you a worthy resident of your Motherland?
Why do you think so?
|
III)
Match the English word
combinations with their equivalents.
1.
the dearest
2.
be born
3. slagheap
4. bank
5. be
famous for
6. are
proud of
7. worthy residents
8.
Motherland
9.
be rich in
|
|
a)
родиться
b)
быть богатым
c)
террикон
d)
самый дорогой
e)
достойные жители
f)
Родина
g)
быть знаменитым
h)
гордиться
i)
берег
|
IV)
Complete the sentences with
the word-combinations from the previous exercise, translate into Russian.
1. Donbass
is the _______________ Motherland for me.
2. I
______________ in the city of Donetsk.
3. Donetsk
is the city which stands on the __________ of the Kalmius.
4. Donbass
___________in its mineral and natural resources.
5. We
are _________________ of our famous people.
6. The
young people of Donbass want to become its __________________ .
7. You
can see ____________________ almost everywhere in Donbass.
A Symbol of Donetsk
There are many symbols in the world.
The most wonderful and perfect one is a rose. This flower is a piece of beauty
in our life. A rose is a symbol of Donetsk. There are many kinds of roses in
the city: red, pink, white, orange, black purple, scarlet, yellow, of different
selections from many countries of the world. More than one million bushes of
roses ‘live’ in Donetsk.
A rose is an old plant. The Donetsk people
started planting roses in the 60s of the 20th century. Donetsk was a grey,
industrial city but roses made it bright and colourful.
A rose is a destiny for Donetsk. By
the way, Uzovka has appeared due to the Britishman – John
Hughes. A rose is a symbol of
England (a white rose with red stripes). You know a rose is a symbol of peace
in the world, beauty, and love. We need peace and tolerance more than ever.
Donetsk has a status of ‘a
city with million roses’. We can count about 1.012.000 bushes of roses
nowadays. Nature gives us a chance, a helping hand
to make peace in our native land. We agree that “beauty will save the world”.
I) Answer the questions:
1) What is a symbol of Donetsk?
2) How many bushes of roses are there
in Donetsk today?
3) What status has our capital city?
4) What is the name of a famous
Russian writer who wrote the words: “Beauty will save the world”?
II) Find out an odd world:
* A rose, a plant, a bush, a bird;
* Peace, tolerance, news, kindness;
* White, colorful, red, pink;
* Beautiful, to appear, wonderful,
perfect;
* A city, a town, a village, to live.
a)
the world
b)
roses
c)
a chance
d)
peace
|
I)
Make
up word-combinations:
1) to make
2) to give
3) to save
4) to plant
|
II)
You
are a guide in the Donetsk Botanical Garden. You must tell about rose as a
plant using the following words and word-combinations: (different selections,
an old flower, a symbol of England; peace; a city with more than million roses,
our native land, etc.
III)
Write some sentences which show us your
agreement or disagreement with the famous words: “Beauty will save the world”.
I)
Read
the poem and translate it into English.
II)
Learn
the poem by heart.
Economy and
Business
Today
Donbass is becoming a center of business. Our region has good perspectives.
There are enterprises which use new technologies aimed at manufacturing the
goods for export and home market. There are the objects of industrial and
non-industrial infrastructure including offices, hotels, sports centers, etc.
Here is a special preferential mode of taxation. All this attracts a lot of
investors and business persons.
A characteristic feature of Donbass is a combination
of powerful industry and diversified agriculture with the developed transport
system. We have enterprises of metallurgical complex which produce a full range
of metal products to export to many countries (Donetsk, Makeyevka, Enakievo);
chemical enterprises (Gorlovka “Stirol”, Donetsk); machinery equipment
enterprises (Donetsk, Yasinovataya, Gorlovka). Machinery specializes in
manufacturing equipment for mining and metallurgical industry, heavy machinery,
power equipment, agricultural machinery and chemical industries. All these
companies provide most of the needs of our region.
Coal mining industry is highly developed in our
region. There are many mines (in Donetsk, Makeyevka, Snezhnoe, Shakhtersk, etc.)
which are the basis for the development of fuel, coke coal mining, power
industries.
Agricultural complex with grains sugar beets,
potatoes, vegetables, sunflowers; cattle and poultry farming has perspective
potential in the future.
We have unique opportunities to build our region with
powerful industry and diversified agriculture with the developed transport
system.
I)
Answer the questions:
1) Where
are there important enterprises of Donbass?
2) Is
Donbass becoming a center of business?
3) What
industry is the main in Donbass?
4) What
potential has our region in the future?
5) What
will help us to build a powerful industry in Donbass?
II)
Match the antonyms:
1) past a)unique
2) high
b)fruit
3)usual c)low
4)center d)future
5)vegetables e)suburb
III)
Write down the
associations with the word “industry” using “Mind map”
IV)
Insert the right preposition
into the sentences (in, of, at, for, with):
1) Coal
industry is the most developed … our region.
2) Coal
mines are the basis … the development of industry.
3) Agricultural
complex … grains, sugar beets, vegetables, sunflowers has perspectives … the
future.
4) Donbass
is becoming a center … business.
5) There
are enterprises which we new technologies, aimed … manufacturing the goods for
export and home market.
Climate and Geography
Donbass lies in the
steppe landscape, surrounded by scattered woodlands, hills (spoil tips),
rivers, lakes. The Kalmius River links with the Sea of Azov. Donbass borders on
Russia, Ukraine. It is washed by the Azov Sea in the south. Donbass has a
moderate continental climate. The average temperatures are -4°C in Junuary and
+22°C in July. The average number of rainfall per year totals 162 days and up
to 556 millimeters per year.
I) Answer
the questions.
-Where does Donbass lie?
- What climate has
Donbass?
-What are the average
temperatures in winter and in summer?
-What is the average
number of rainfall per year?
II) Describe
"a moderate continental climate" using the words and
word-combinations (the average temperatures, not frosty winter, rather not
summer, steppe zone, spoil tips, woodlands, etc.).
III) Match
the word-combinations:
1.average a)year
2.continental b)landscape
3.per c) climate
4.steppe d) temperatures
|
IV) Show
Donbass on the map as if you were a teacher of Geography using the words and
word-combinations in the text to tell about geography and climate of our native
land.
Flora and Fauna
Donbass is situated in the steppe and forest zones. We can find
broadleaf forests and pine forests. There are many species of wild plants: willow,
oak, maple, birch, alder, wild apple-tree and pear-tree. Along the river banks,
there are cane, swamp horsetail, carex, kizlyak, swamp sabelnik, feather grass
and other types of grass. There are many flowers we can find in the steppe:
saffron, hyacinth, tulip, coltsfoot, iris, violet, etc.
Donbass hosts many species of fish: European perch, rutilus, common rudd,
bream, catfish, pike, carp, crucian. In the Sea of Azov we can find gobius,
sprat, flat-fish, khamsa, herring etc.
On the banks of the rivers, in the floodplain wetlands there are water frogs,
toads, smooth, great crested newts, grass snakes, dice snakes and European pond
terrapins.
Human activities, mainly cultivation of the steppes, resulted in the
disappearance of animals formerly common in flu's zone, such as tarpan, steppe
antelope, saiga antelope and others. Today we can meet European beaver, gopher,
mice, European otter, European mink, weasel, bat, fox, squirrel, hare, wild
boar, hedgehog, etc.
The world of birds is rather various. More than 250 species of birds can be
found there: European magpie, shrikes, ducks, crows, herons, storks, larks,
nightingales, owls, woodpeckers, etc.
The unique world of animals and plants, large deposits of mineral resources, a
moderate continental climate and favorable geographical position give our land
an opportunity to become a prosperous region.
I) Answer the questions:
1. Where is Donbass situated?
2. What trees are there in Donbass?
3. What does Donbass host?
4. Why did many animals disappear?
5. How many species of birds can be found in Donbass?
II) Put the
verbs in the Past Simple Tense:
1. We... (can) find broadleaf forests and pine forests.
2. There... (to be) many wild flowers.
3. Human activities... (to result) in the
disappearance of many animals.
4. The world of birds... (to be) rather various.
5. The unique conditions... (to give) our region to become a prosperous
one.
III) Make a chain! (Name of animals, birds and plants)
Let's play!
q
u
i
r
r
e
l
IV) Write down all words into four groups:
Animals
|
Birds
|
Plants
|
Fish
|
(nightingale, maple, weasel, stork, willow, birch, shrike,
saffron, pike, frog, bream, carex, sprat, iris, mice, hare)
From the History of Donbass
The earliest evidence of human habitation on the territory of modern Donbass dates back to the late New Stone Age.
According to the first written historical documents (by Herodotus and other ancient historians) all the territories situated to the north of the Black Sea (ancient authors called it the Pontic Sea) were inhabited by the Scythians. In the valley of the Kalmius river, where Donetsk is located there lived Cimmerians, Sarmatians, Goths, Slavs. However, Donbass steppes were weakly populated and the lack of protected borders allowed nomadic peoples (e.g. Pechenegs, Cumans, Khazars, and Tatars) to carry out their attacks on that territory. From the XIII to the XVI century the land near the Kalmius river was not populated.
A small village located on the bank of the steppe river Kalmius was fated to become a great industrial city, the center of the largest industrial region. A generous gift of nature — coal marked the beginning of its development.
In 1866, the Russian engineer A. Mevius proved the necessity of ironworks building on the right bank of the Kalmius river near the settlement Aleksandrovka. There was everything for that purpose: coal— in the lands near the Kalmius, iron ore — not far from Karakuba (now the city of Komsomolsk in Starobeshevskiy district), limestone —near the village of Elenovka, and river water – close at hand.
In 1866, Prince
Kochubey was allowed to construct an
iron rail plant from the local materials.
In 1869, for a large reward — 24 thousand pounds, the Prince let
have his rights to the 55-year-old
metallurgist
John Hughes —
a manager of
a small factory near London. The
construction of a metallurgical
plant
began in the summer of 1869. That`s
why this date is considered to be one of Donetsk
foundation. By that time there were
already
existed the settlement of Alexandrovka, Alekseevka, Avdotyino, Grigorievka,
Semenovka, and the village
Ovechiy.
Hughes signed the
Treaty to
found
‘Novorossiysk
Coal,
Iron
and Rail
Production
Company’ and ‘Railroad Line
Kharkiv-Azov Company’ with the Committee of
Ministers of Russia. In April 1869 the Russian government
approved the agreement on starting coal mining and the metallurgical plant construction.
John Hughes was appointed a
manager
by the founders of ‘Novorossiysk
Company’. In the summer of 1869 he settled on the bank
of the
Kalmius
river and constructed a smithy, which was
the first auxiliary shopwork of
the future metallurgical plant. Next to the building there
was a settlement, which has merged with the mining
settlement of the Alexandrovsky mine and was named Yuzovka, after
its founder - the English business
manager
-
Hughes.
The construction of the plant and mines began in 1869. In the summer of 1870, John Hughes brought machinery and tools on 8 ships from Britain (mainly from the South Wales) to Donbass. Also, about one hundred experts — metallurgists and miners came from the South Wales to Donbass. As a result John Hughes and his small group of workers managed to build the first blast furnace in less than 8 months. It started working on the 24th of April, 1871. On the 24th of January, 1872 it produced its first cast iron. In September 1873 the Yuzovsky Factory began to work on the finished cycle and soon got the first place in the country for the production of metal. Hughes ' plant (today the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant) marked the beginning of a large metallurgy of Donbass.
I)
Complete the sentences with
the word-combinations from the text.
1. _____________________ were inhabited by the Scythians.
2. From the XIII to the XVI century the land near the Kalmius river ________.
3. ____________________ marked the beginning of Donbass development.
4. In 1866, Prince Kochubey _________________ an iron rail plant.
5. _________________John Hughes brought machinery and tools on 8 ships.
6. John Hughes and his small group of workers ___________ in less than 8 months.
II) Read the text again, ask and answer the questions in pairs:
1. How did ancient people call the Black Sea?
2. What tribes lived on the territory of modern Donbass in the past?
3. Why were the Donbass steppes weakly populated?
4. Who proved the necessity of ironworks building on the bank of the Kalmius river in 1866?
5. What is the date of Donetsk foundation?
6. When did John Hughes settle on the bank of the Kalmius river?
7. What did he build first?
8. How did people begin to call the settlement near the Hughes` plant?
9. Where did metallurgists and miners come from ?
10. When did the plant start working?
III) Discuss in class: why was Donbass fated to become a great industrial city?
IV) Tell your partner in the class what you have learned about the history of Donbass.
Famous Personalities of
Donbass
John James
Hughes [hju:z]
or Uz [ju:z] is the most famous person of Donetsk-city and
its founder. He came into the steppes of Donbass with his sons from Great Britain
to
build a metallurgical
plant on one of the banks of the river Kalmius. Hughes founded a worker`s
settlement which was named Uzovka. Later on the settlement turned into a great industrial
center of the Russian Empire.
Georgiy
Yakovlevich Sedov
a salor, Polar researcher
and discoverer.
In 1912 he organized an expedition to the North Pole on the ship Saint
Foka. Many geographical spots were named after Georgiy Sedov. In 1940 his
native settlement – Krivaya Kosa was renamed Sedovo to honour this brave and
courageous man.
Arhip
Kuindzhy a genius painter-landscaper. His paintings “The
Birchwood”, “A Moon Night on The
Dniper”, “The Dniper in the Morning” played a very important role in the
history of landscape painting. Kuindzhy showed people the colours of the
forgotten ancient Rus.
Our countryman Alexander
Hanzhonkov
was not only a lucky film manufacturer, but a founder of Russian cinematography. He was the first
one who produced scientific-popular films, documentaries
and cartoons. The monument to Alexander Hanzhonkov was opened in the city of
Makeevka on the 8th of August, 2008. It is also a tradition to held
Alexander Hanzhonkov`s Days in his native city.
Sergey Prokofyev is a famous
musician and composer. He wrote his first opera at the age of 9, at the age of
17 he performed with his first concert. He gave concerts in the USA, Europe,
and Japan. People enjoy his well-known “War and Peace”, “Cinderella”, “Romeo
and Juliet” all over the world.
Vadim Pisarev is a famous
dancer, choreographer, and a director of the Donetsk Opera and Ballet Theatre.
He is an organizer of the international festival “World Ballet Stars” which is
held every year in Donetsk.
The name of
Sergey Bubka – ‘a bird man’ - is written down into the history of
light athletics because he set 35 world records in pole vault. He was the first
sportsman who jumped over 6 meters high.
I)
Answer
the questions:
1.
Which famous names of Donbass do you know?
2.
Who is a founder of Donetsk-city?
3.
Do you know any famous painters of
Donbass?
4.
When did Prokofyev write his first
opera?
5.
Why did Bubka get a nickname ‘a bird
man’?
6.
Where was a monument to Hanzhonkov erected?
7.
Can we be proud of our people? Why?
8.
Who is a person you
admire? Why? What do you know about him/her?
|
II)
Look at the fact file below
and present Iosif Davydovich Kobzon to the class.
Name: Iosif Davydovich
Surname: Kobzon
Occupation: singer, performer,
showman
Born: 11th September, 1937
Personal details: a champion of pop stage
Family:
son, daughter, five grand-daughters, two grand-son
|
III)
Fill in the gaps with the
verbs in the Past Simple Tense.
VITALIY
STARUHIN (1949-2000)
V.Staruhin is a legend of Donbass football. This is a person with
the unusual biography. He …(to begin) his career as a footballer late, but when
he …(to get) on the football field, he …(to reach) a goal and …(to become) a
successful forward. His legendary achievements …(to be) 26 goals during the
USSR Championship. Later he …(to become) a footballer of the year. Staruhin
…(to finish) his career of a footballer at the age of 35, but he …(to continue)
his work as a coach.
In 2010 one of the slagheaps near the Donetsk Stadium ‘Shahter’ ….(to be) named after
Vitaliy Staruhin. The Star of V.Staruhin ….(to be) erected on the Glory Alley
at the Donbass-Arena.
IV)
Write a short article about a famous
person of your native land. Use the articles above as a model or collect
information from the Internet. (50-60 words)
Donetsk Tour
Donbass is the centre of coal-mining industry. It is also the main fuel base.
The capital city – Donetsk was founded in 1869 by a businessman, John
Hughes, who constructed a steel plant and several coal mines in the region; thus
the town was named Yuzovka. From 1924 to 1961 it was called Stalino, and only
in 1961 it became Donetsk.
Donetsk currently has a population of
over 982,000 inhabitants. It is the largest city in Donbass.
The city is situated on the river
Kalmius. It is very famous for its waste banks. Now the city produces
metallurgic and mining equipment, refrigerators, bicycles. Food and light
industries are also well-developed in Donetsk.
Donetsk is a well-known educational
location of the surrounding area. The most important and prominent educational
institutions include the National Technical University ("Donetsk
Polytechnical Institute" in 1960-1993), as well as the Donetsk National
University which was founded in 1965. There are also several scientific
research institutes in the city.
There are 3 theatres and some museums
in the city: Donetsk Opera and Ballet House, Donetsk Museum of Fine Arts are
among them.
Donetsk is also well-known due to its
sport achievements. It has the best stadium, called Donbass
Arena. It is a new stadium with a natural grass pitch, that opened on the 29th of August,
2009. The stadium is located in the center of the city, in the Lenin
Comsomol park. Intended for 50,000 spectators, the Stadium hosted
Shakhtar Donetsk matches and some matches in Euro 2012.
Donetsk has been home to many famous
people, including sportsmen, musicians, writers, businessmen, dissidents, and
many others.
I)
Read
the text and say if the sentences below are true or false. Correct the false
sentences.
1.
Donbass is the fuel base.
2.
Donetsk was founded in 1896.
3.
The
Donetsk National University which was founded in 1956.
4.
You can visit two museums in the city.
5.
Donbass Arena was opened in 2009.
6.
This stadium is situated not far from
the city center.
|
II)
Look at the pictures of some
famous landmarks in Donetsk. Would you like to visit them? Discuss with your
partner where you will go and what you can see there.
E.g.: A: -
As for me, I will go to Donetsk Railway Museum to
learn about the history of trains in our land. And you?
B: - To my mind, the best place to learn
about Donetsk more is the Regional Folk Museum where
you can meet with all the steps of its development.
Donetsk
Opera Donetsk
Regional Folk Museum
and
Ballet House
Donetsk
Museum of Fine Arts Donetsk
Railway Museum
The
Museum of Football Club Shakhtar The
Great Patriotic War Museum
The Museum
of Photography
The
Communication Museum
and
Photojournalism
The Museum of History
Donetsk
State
Academic
Music
and Drama Theatre
of
Donetsk National Technical University
III)
Look at these pictures of Donbass` famous
landmarks; tell your partner where they are situated. What cities can you visit
to see them?
E.g.: I can visit Gorlovka to see Rozumov`s
Mini-book Museum.
IV)
What do you know about
landmarks of your village/town/city? Find information from the Internet and
write down an article (50-60 words) about one of them.
Dan:
How do you like your staying in Donetsk?
Ann:
Oh, it`s great! We are visiting Scherbakov Public Park at the moment. It`s a
magic spot in the center of the city! There are _______1.________. The river
Kalmius washes ________2.________.
Dan: Really? __________3.____________
Ann: First of all, the Water Park ‘Sphere’ with its
______4.__________. Then, the dolphinarium ‘Nemo’ where I enjoyed
_________5.________with dolphins and seals.
Dan: Well, I hope you did a lot of photos which you`ll show me when
we meet.
Ann: Of cause, I will. They will remain me those fantastic days
which I spent in Donetsk.
|
V)
Read the first two exchanges
of the dialogue. What is it about? Read the dialogue filling in the gaps.
a) What
impressed you most of all?
b) many
green plants, bushes and trees there
c) a
splendid performance
d) one
side of the park
e) numerous
slides and rides
|
Holidays and Traditions of Donbass
There
are many national holidays in Donbass,
when people do not work and have special celebrations.
The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Day of Fatherland
Defender, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day, Miner`s Day, etc.
These
holidays emphasize the spirit of Donbass people and
support folk traditions.
The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at
midnight on the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and
listen to the clock chimes beating 12.
There are lots of New Year traditions in Donbass.
In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and
decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a
present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the
young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
Christmas is also very popular in Donbass.
It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It's a religious holiday and a lot of
people go to church services on that day. People
visit their relatives on this day carrying wheat pudding
with raisins, poppy seeds, nuts and honey which
is called “kutya”. Many young and single girls try to read their fortune at
the night of 6th and 7th of January.
One
of the most interesting holidays takes place at the end of February to
celebrate the end of winter. The holiday lasts for a week which is known as a
Shrovetide. We call this holiday
“Maslennitsa”. People traditionally eat lots of pancakes on this holiday and
burn the scarecrow saying farewell to winter snow.
We
also celebrate the Day of Homeland
Defender
on the 23d of February. On this day all the women give presents
to their husbands, fathers, and sons.
On
the 8th of March we celebrate Women's Day when men are supposed to do everything
about the house, cook all the meals and give women presents
and flowers.
The
greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May,
1945, Soviet
Army completely defeated the German fascists and the Great
Patriotic War ended. We'll never forget our great-grandfathers
and great-grandmothers
who died to defend our Motherland. We honour their memory with a minute of silence
and put flowers on the tombs
of the soldiers.
Lots
of professional holidays are not public ones (banks,
offices and schools are not closed),
but they are also very popular among Donbass people.
E.g.: Metallurgist`s Day
which is traditionally celebrated on the third Sunday of July and Miner`s Day –
on the last Sunday of August. On these days people like to organize picnics and
have fun outdoors with their families and friends.
No
doubt that we love to celebrate holidays, are
proud of our traditions and carefully
keep them up.
III)
Fill in the gaps with
prepositions: at, on, in, for.
1.
There are lots of New Year traditions
_____ Donbass.
2.
We
wait for the New Year clock chimes beating _____ midnight.
3.
Children always wait ____
Father
Frost to come.
4.
Metallurgist`s
Day is traditionally celebrated ___ the third Sunday of July.
5.
The Shrovetide holiday lasts ____
a
week.
6.
We
celebrate Victory Day _____ the 9th of May.
7.
Easter
is celebrated _____ spring.
IV)
Write passive sentences as
in the example:
·
People of Donbass celebrate many holidays. – Many
holidays are celebrated by people of Donbass.
1.
People
decorate the New Year tree in every home.
2.
Father
Frost traditionally gives presents to Children.
3.
We celebrate the
Day
of Homeland
Defender
on the 23d of February.
4.
Every
community organizes a parade on the City Day.
5.
My
mom makes tasty kutya for Christmas Eve.
6.
People burn the scarecrow to
say
farewell to winter snow.
V)
Write a letter to your
pen-friend (50-60 words) about your favourite holiday. When do you celebrate
it? How do you celebrate it? Why do you like it?
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