Учитель английского языка Яглова Ольга Петровна
Пояснительная записка
Методические
рекомендации и материалы к изучению темы включают подбор лексического материала
по теме «Спорт» и имеют следующие разделы:
1.
Работа
с лексикой.
а)
вводится определенное количество новой лексики
в)
даются упражнения на :
- освоение
лексического материала
- тренировку
лексического материала
- закрепление
лексического материала
г)
предлагаются упражнения на активизацию и использование лексики в
различных видах
речевой деятельности:
аудировании,
чтении, переводе, письме, говорении.
2.
Тексты
для аудирования
Предлагаемые
тексты для аудирования снабжены:
а)
подготовительными упражнениями в аудировании, направленными на снятие
лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух.
б) заданиями,
направленными на контроль понимания содержания аудируемого текста.
3.
Тексты
для чтения
Предлагаемые
тексты, объединенные данной тематикой, различаются по степени сложности и
включают:
а) простые тексты
б) частично адаптированные
тексты
в) тексты не
адаптированного характера
и
содержат задания на:
-
извлечение полной
информации (чтение с использованием словаря)
-
извлечение основной
информации (без использования словаря)
-
извлечение частичной
информации (без использования словаря)
Материал
разделен на разделы в зависимости от объекта усвоения и от доминирующего вида
формируемой речевой деятельности учеников.
Это
деление условно, так как работа над текстом (чтение, аудирование) предполагает
решение некоторых устно-речевых задач, так же как и работа над лексикой,
которая может включать, кроме того и повторение определенного грамматического
материала и т. д..
Материал
каждого раздела можно разделить на обязательный, который обеспечивает базовый
уровень владения лексикой по теме, и факультативный, который дается отдельным ученикам
или группе учащихся для более углубленной работы над предметным содержанием
темы.
Объединение
материала в разделы по деятельностной доминанте дает свободу ученику и учителю,
позволяет осуществлять выбор материала и сочетать его по своему усмотрению.
Имеется
словарь по теме «Спорт», который включает в себя основную лексику предыдущих
этапов обучения и большое количество новой лексики.
Рекомендации:
Работа
с лексикой:
При работе с лексикой
следует придавать значение ее систематизации, группируя ее по различным
принципам (семантический, словообразовательный, грамматический, лексической
сочетаемости)
Аудирование
При обучении
аудированию предлагаются подготовительные упражнения в аудировании, направленные
на снятие лексических трудностей текста, подлежащего восприятию на слух. Эти
задания предполагают ознакомление с приведенными там лексическими единицами и
иногда с их переводом.
Чтение
Как цель обучения
чтение предполагает овладение следующими действиями:
-
опознание известных
языковых единиц; слов, словосочетаний, целых предложений;
-
установление новых
смысловых связей этих единиц;
-
догадка о значении
неизвестных лексических единиц (по словообразовательным компонентам, общности с
родным языком, по контексту);
-
поиск значения слова в
словаре, использование комментария; выделение основных фактов и т. д.
На этой основе
происходит понимание текста и принятие смыслового решения:
а) интересно /
неинтересно
б) что было известно
/ что ново
в) что нужно
запомнить, принять к сведению / что не нужно
г) желательно
действовать так же (следовать примеру, заимствовать опыт) или нет и т. Для
выявления понимания текста используется письмо, либо устная речь (говорение)
Говорение
Обучение говорению
осуществляется по следующим направлениям:
-решение
коммуникативных задач в диалогической и монологической формах.
-решение
коммуникативных задач на базе аудирования и чтения
Эти направления
находят свою реализацию в предлагаемых упражнениях имеющихся разделов.
Письмо
Студенты учатся
делать выписки из прочитанного текста. Это задания на поиск информации и ее
фиксацию, на составление тезисов для устного высказывания.
Кроме
того, запись новой лексики в тетради, письменное выполнение лексических и
грамматических упражнений. Контроль техники письма и орфографических навыков
предусмотрены в заданиях и тестах . Студентам предлагаются тексты с пропусками
слов, необходимостью выбрать верную грамматическую форму слова, необходимостью
выбрать одно из слов синонимического ряда и т. д.
Материалы к изучению темы «Спорт» содержат
большое количество заданий, которые невозможно выполнить без партнёра или
партнёров, они предполагают работу в парах или малых группах. Имеются задания,
предполагающие “информационное неравенство” участников; задания организованного
ролевого общения в жизненных ситуациях; задания для спонтанного общения, когда
учебная ситуация переходит в естественную, что соответствует новым методическим
подходам при обучении иностранному языку.
Предлагаемые
материалы обеспечивают практическую направленность всего учебного процесса и
обеспечивают реальные возможности для применения учащимися полученных знании и
умений.
These sports and games
are less common:
Archery [ a:tSqrI]
Fencing
Climbing
Mountaineering [ mauntI nIqrIN]‘
Riding
Surfing and windsurfing
Sailing / yachting [ jLtI:N]
Diving
Water polo [ pqulqu]
Water skiing
Baseball
Martial [ ma:Sl] arts:
Aikido [aI kI:dqu]
Karate [kq ra:tI]
Judo [ Gu:dqu]
Taekwondo [ taIkwPn dqu]
Sports are participated
indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are some names of
special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise:
A gym
Acourt
A ring
A stadium
An ice rink
A fitness centre
A track (a racetrack)
A swimming pool
A football field
Sports grounds
Other people who are
important in sport are:
A coach
An instructor [ InstrAktq]
A judge or a referee [ refq rI:]
Athlets compete either
individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).
We can speak about:
A
national team
An Olympic team
A school team, etc.
Guess what sports and
games are described here:
1.
the sport of fighting with fists;
2.
the sport of riding in a small
boat with sails;
3.
the sport of one who swims;
4.
the sport of playing a type of
football with an oval ball
5.
a game of two people who use
rackets, a small soft ball and low net;
6.
the sport of moving through the
water in a boat without sails
7.
the sport of going on a horseback;
8.
a game played by two teams of 6
players each that is played on an ice field;
9.
an outdoor game, popular in
Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.
Раздел 1
Some of the
popular sports are:
Раздел 1
EXERCISE
How many
names of sports can you find in this wordsearch? The words may appear in any
direction.
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W
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O
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S
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B
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A
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H
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Q
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C
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J
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s
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Key: baseball, cricket, bowls, darts,
archery, golf, tennis, judo, windsurfing.
EXERCISE
Look through
the list above and say:
1.
the names of which
sports you didn’t know before;
2.
which of these sports
in your view are
a)
the most dangerous
b)
the least dangerous
c)
the most exotic
d)
the most common
e)
the best for keeping
fit
f)
the most attractive for
you and why
EXERCISE
Study the
information from this table and make sentences, using the construction more
/ less … then
|
Interesting
|
golf
|
fishing
|
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Expensive
|
horse riding
|
tennis
|
|
Boring
|
cricket
|
weightlifting
|
|
Dangerous
|
chess
|
football
|
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Enjoyable
|
jogging
|
Fishing
|
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Difficult
|
table tennis
|
tennis
|
|
beautiful
|
figure skating
|
wind Surfing
|
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useful
|
fencing
|
gymnastics
|
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common
|
archery
|
basketball
|
Example:
1)
I think golf is more
interesting than fishing
2)
……………………………………………..
Items of
sportswear:
Swimming-trunks
and swimsuit
Trainers
A sports jacket
A waterproof
jacket
A tracksuit
Knee-length socks
Mittens and gloves
A T-shirt and
shorts
Раздел 1
Equipment – what you hold in your hand
Golf – club
Squash/ tennis/
badminton – racket
Darts – dart
Archery – bow
Cricket/
table-tennis – bat
Hockey – stick
Snooker / pool
/billiards – cue
Rowing – oar
Fishing – rod/
line
EXERCISE
Practicing
which sports need special equipment or doesn’t need any equipment
EXERCISE
Name one
other piece of equipment necessary to play these sports apart from the item
given, as in the example. What special clothing, if any, is worn for each
sport?
Example: golf:
clubs, balls
1 archery: bow,
………..
2 badminton:
racket, ……………
3 hockey:
stick,………….
4 baseball: bat,
…………..
5 darts:
darts,………….
Key: 1 arrows, 2 shuttlecock 3 ball 4
ball 5 dartboard
Clothing :
1 Archers
usually wear special gloves, and probably a cap to shade their
eyes.
2 Usually sweat-shirt
and shorts or tennis – skirt, with tennis style shoes, possibly sweat-bands
too.
3
Hockey-players usually wear shorts or a short tennis-skirt, but also protective
gloves, shin-pads too and possibly a safety-helmet.
4 Baseball
players often wear caps, plus protective clothing (special gloves,
shin-pads, etc.).
5 No special
clothes, since the game is usually played informally in pubs and clubs.
Sports are
participated indoors (indoor sports) and outdoors (outdoor sports). Here are
some names of special places for practicing sport or doing physical exercise
A gym
A court
A course
A field
A ring
A stadium
An ice rink
A fitness centre
A track (a
racetrack)
A swimming pool
A football field
Sports grounds
Раздел 1
People who
are important in sport are:
A coach
An instructor [ InstrAktq]
A judge or a
referee [
refq rI:]
Which of the two?
Referee or
umpire?
Both referee and
umpire are judges. Referee is used in connection with basketball, boxing,
football, hockey, rugby, wrestling. Umpire is used in connection with
badminton, baseball, cricket, swimming, tennis and volleyball
Athlets
compete either individually or in teams and crews (in sailing and rowing).
We can speak
about:
A national team
An Olympic team
A school team,
etc.
EXERCISE
Guess what
sports and games are described here:
10.
the sport of fighting
with fists;
11.
the sport of riding in
a small boat with sails;
12.
the sport of one who
swims;
13.
the sport of playing a
type of football with an oval ball
14.
a game of two people
who use rackets, a small soft ball and low net;
15.
the sport of moving
through the water in a boat without sails
16.
the sport of going on a
horseback;
17.
a game played by two
teams of 6 players each that is played on an ice field;
18.
an outdoor game, popular
in Britain played in summer with a small ball by two teams of 11 players each,
usually dressed in white.
People who do particular sports
-er can be used for many sports, e.g. footballer,
swimmer, windsurfer, high-jumper, cricketer, golfer, etc.
Player is often necessary, e.g. tennis-player,
snooker-player, darts-player; we can also say football-player, cricket-player.
Some names must be
learnt separately, e.g. canoeist, cyclist, mountaineer, jockey, archer,
gymnast.
EXERCISE
What do you
call a person who…?
1 does the long
jump?
2 rides horses in
races?
3 drives cars in
races?
4 throws the
discus / javelin?
5 does gymnastics?
6 plays hockey?
7 Plays football?
8 does the
pole-vault
If you go in
for sport you:
train for a
competition (match, game)
compete in a
championship
take part in a
tournament [
tLnqment]
set / break records
score points and
goals
win or lose (in)
the competition
win a prize / a
cup
draw the game
Раздел 1
Verbs and
their collocations in the context of sport
Our team won /
lost by three goals / points.
She broke the
Olympic record last year.
He holds the
record for the 100 metres breast-stroke.
Liverpool beat
Hamburg 4-2 yesterday.
The team have
never been defeated. (more formal than beat)
How many goals
/ points have you scored this season?
I think I’ll take
up bowls next spring and give up golf.
EXERCISE
Fill in the
gaps with suitable verbs.
1)
Were many records
……………at the Olympics?
2)
We’ve been ……..so many
times we deserve to be bottom of the league!
3)
Congratulations! How
many points did you ……by?
4)
You should ………jogging.
That would help you lose weight.
5)
Who ………….the world
record for the 1000 metres? Is it a Russian?
6)
I only ever once ………a
goal, and that was sheer luck.
Key: 1 - broken, 2 - beaten /
defeated, 3 - win, 4 - take up, 5 - holds, 6 - scored
Here are the
verbs connected with the topic ”SPORT”
but they
have several meanings. Try to give your translation of the following word
combinations:
Win – won – won
1)
the game /competition /
battle / war. выиграть, победить
2)
respect / fame
добиться
3)
hearts /
audience завоевать
Lose – lost – lost
1)
the
game проиграть, потерпеть
поражение
2)
the key / temper /
control / weight / way потерять
Run – ran – run
1)
away / fast /
slowly бежать
2)
the country /
hotel управлять, владеть
3)
the road runs / the
river runs etc. Идет, бежит, течет, уменьшается
Break – broke –
broken
1) the
record ставить рекорд
2) the
cup / the leg / heart разбить, сломать
3) the law / the rule .
нарушить/ прекратить .прервать
Catch – caught –
caught
1)
the ball /
cold ловит, поймать
2)
bus /
train успеть
3)
the sound / smell
/ уловить / почувствовать
4)
the idea /
meaning понять
Draw - drew – drawn
1)
a picture рисовать
2)
the
game сыграть вничью
3)
the rubber
draws тянуть, тащить
Раздел 1
Exercise
Give the best
translation
1. The home team
has won.
3.
He is sure to win
4.
They won by chance.
5.
She lost diamond ring
before wedding
6.
Children got lost in
the woods.
7.
He lost his job.
8.
It is dangerous to go
fishing.. The ice is breaking.
9.
He fall down and broke
his glasses.
10.
The cat caught the
mouse/ bird/
11.
The police caught the
criminal/ spy/ thief
12.
She is always loosing
her things and documents.
13.
Children got lost in
the forest
14.
He lost his job.
15.
The book in the shop
window caught my eye.
14
It was difficult to
catch the idea
15
Did you catch the
meaning of a word?
16
We were caught in the
rain
17
He was caught by the
camera
18
The weather is breaking
19
A chimney must draw
20
Rubber draws
21
He won the election by
the majority of voices.
22
He won the hearts of
audience.
23
The plane was quickly
loosing speed.
24
All is lost.
25
They broke
negotiations.(peace talks)
26
It was late. She drew
the curtains and went to bed.
27
The carriage was drawn
by horses
28
They drew the car to
the petrol station.
29
May the best man win.
30
He is sure to
win
31
There is not a moment
to lose.
32
The army lost heavily
33
The book lost in
translation
34
He fell in love and
lost his head / mind / sense
35
The clock (watch) is
loosing.
36
He caught a strange
sound
37
He caught the smell of
smoke.
EXERCISE
Put in the missing letters
|
p t
i t .
|
c p
e
|
ak p t
|
p c
c .
|
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p y
|
r n
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u p
|
w m
|
EXERCISE
which of
these sports are more popular in
a)
Russia
b)
The USA
c)
Great Britain
EXERCISE
Put the suitable
word into the gaps.
happy, upset,
puzzled, angry, depressed.
1. The girl got
a lot of presents for her birthday. She was ………………..
2.
The student can’t
answer the question. He is ……………..
3.
The boy has broken the
window. His father is ……………… with him.
4.
Our football team has
lost. We are …………….
5.
He didn’t pass the
exam. He is …………….
1)
Do you like sport?
2) What
is your favourite sport?
3) Why
do many people go in for sport?
4) What
sport is the most useful?
5) Can
you call yourself a fan?
6) What
are the most important international competitions?
7) What
is the idea of Olympic Games?
8) What
is the symbol of Olympic Games?
III.
The Olympic games
The original Olympic Games began
around 800 BC in Ancient Greece and continued until they were
abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics
took place in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen
different countries have staged the Summer Olympics. The cities
of Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles have hosted the Olympics twice.
In 1956, Australia became the
first country outside Europe and America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico
was the first Latin American country to have the Olympics, in 1968.
Many of the great athletes in the world
have taken part in the Olympic Games, but no one has equalled
the achievements of the great Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920
and 1928 won nine gold and silver medals.
The Olympic Games have seen many
tragedies and triumphs. For example, in the maraphon of 1908, the little
Italian, Dorando Peitri five times in the last part of the race, but
came first – only to be disqualified because spectators helped him over
the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American athlete Jesse Ovens
broke six world records in a single day!
From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only
fourteen countries participated the Olympics have grown to
include over 140 countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals have gone to
over 8,000 men and women.
Раздел 2
Listen to the text and say why the boys thought
that the old gentleman had won the cat.
You've Won!
An old gentleman was very
unhappy about young boys who lived near him. They were always noisy, played the
guitar loudly and sang strange songs. The old gentleman thought they had very
bad manners and didn't know the difference between right and wrong.
One day he was taking a walk in the park
near his home when he saw some young boys standing around a small cat. The old
man went up to the boys and asked them what was happening. One of the boys said
to him: "We are having a competition. We're telling lies and the one who
tells the biggest one will keep this cat."
The old gentleman thought that was a good
opportunity to teach the boys good manners and to give them a useful lesson.
So, he said to them: "I've never told a lie in my life!" When the
boys heard these words they shouted: "You've won! You can take the
cat!"
Listen to the text and say why a short answer is
called a laconic answer.
A Laconic Answer
The Lacons lived in that part of Southern
Greece which was called Laconia. The people who lived there were very brave.
They loved their Motherland and defended it from all the enemies. Everybody
knew that their life was very simple. They tried to follow the laws of their
country and never spoke long. "The shorter the better," was their
rule. "Never use more words than you need," was another rule. And
nowadays as you probably know a very short answer is often called a laconic
answer, because the Lacons usually gave such short answers.
In Northern Greece there was a land called
Macedonia. King Philip ruled there. He was not very clever and he was not very
brave, but he wanted to become king of all Greece. So, he collected a great
army and soon he became master of all Greece. Only Laconia was not conquered.
Then King Philip wrote a letter and sent it to the brave Lacons. The letter
said: "If I win the battle with your army, I will become your king and
ruin your great city."
A few days later an answer was brought back
to him. King Philip found only one word in it. The word was very short, and
that was ‘If’
Now answer
the following questions:
1)
Where
was Laconia situated?
2)
What
were the rules of the people who lived in Laconia?
3)
What
kind of life did the Lacons have?
4)
Who ruled
Macedonia?
5)
Where
was Macedonia situated?
6)
What
did King Philip want?
7)
What
did he write to the Lacons in his letter?
8)
What
answer did he get?
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