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Методическое пособие по английскому языку

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Министерство образования Оренбургской области

ГАПОУ «Торгово-технологический техникум»

г. Орска Оренбургской области

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

для студентов

по дисциплине «АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК»

специальности

«Коммерция (по отраслям)»

«Товароведение и экспертиза качества потребительских товаров»

Орск, 2020

Рассмотрено на заседании научно – методического совета

Составитель: Евстигнеева Е.В. – преподаватель иностранного языка

высшей квалификационной категории

ГАПОУ ТТТ г. Орска

Рецензент: Кербс Е.А. – преподаватель иностранного языка

высшей квалификационной категории

ГАПОУ ТТТ г. Орска

Рекомендованы для студентов, обучающихся по специальности «Коммерция (по отраслям)», «Товароведение и экспертиза качества потребительских товаров»

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Пояснительная записка ……………………………………….............4

Раздел 1. Основы маркетинга.

Тема 1. Рынок. ….................................................................................. 5

Тема 2. Маркетинг. …..................................................................... …. 7

Раздел 2. Основы менеджмента.

Тема 1. Зачем менеджеру английский язык?.......................................9 Тема 2. Обязанности менеджера………………………………...…..13

Тема 3. Личные качества менеджера …………………………...…..15

Тема 4. Устройство на работу ………………………………...…….18

Тема 5. Офис …………………………………………………...…….24

Тема 6. В офисе …………………………………………...………….29

Тема 7. Рабочий день менеджера …………………...………………37

Тема 8. Карьера в бизнесе ………………………...………………....39

Тема 9. Деньги …………………………………...…………………...41

Раздел 3. Финансирование и кредитование.

Тема 1. Банки........................................................................................ 47

Тема 2. Мировой банк......................................................................... 50

Тема 3. Экономика. …......................................................................... 55

Тема 4. Экономика Великобритании. …............................................57

Тема 5. Основы бухгалтерского учета................................................60

Тема 6. Финансовая отчетность..........................................................65

Раздел 4. Организация коммерческой деятельности.

Тема 1. Монополия...............................................................................70

Тема 2. Коммерческая корреспонденция...........................................73

Тема 3. Письмо-запрос.........................................................................77

Тема 4. Ответ на письмо-запрос..........................................................82

Тема 5. Письмо- предложение.............................................................85

Тема 6. Моя будущая профессия ……………………………...........87

Список использованной литературы………………………………..91

Пояснительная записка.

Методические рекомендации предназначены для студентов, обучающихся по специальностям «Коммерция (по отраслям)» и «Товароведение и качество потребительских товаров».

Рекомендации состоят из 10 тем, объединенных общей темой «Основы менеджмента» («Личные качества менеджера», «Обязанности менеджера», «Устройство на работу», «Деньги» и т.д.)

В состав каждой темы входят тексты, глоссарии к текстам, задания для работы с текстом, упражнения на отработку лексического материала. Тексты и упражнения способствуют развитию навыков зрелого чтения и умения обсуждать прочитанное.

РАЗДЕЛ 1. ОСНОВЫ МАРКЕТИНГА.

Тема 1. Рынок.

1.      Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:

1. customer	Покупатель, клиент
2. consumer	потребитель, потребительский
3. distribution	распределение, распространение
4. goods	товары
5. purchase	покупка
6. promotion	продвижение товара на рынке
7. resale	перепродажа
8. service	услуга
9. survey	обзор, изыскание

  2. Прочитайте и переведите однокоренные слова:

   - produce - product - productivity - producer - productive;

   - economy - economic - economist;

   - decide - decision;

   - combine - combination.

   3. К словам из левой колонки подберите синонимы из правой колонки:

   way                             goal

   purpose                      influence

   objective                     wants

   to translate                  method

   to buy                          task

   needs                           to turn out to

   impact                         to purchase

   4. Составьте пары антонимов из приведенных ниже слов:

   broad, buy, different, narrow, same, sell, strength, weakness.

  5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия:

   1. The methods of dealing in the markets are affected by the product itself.

   2. In deciding his price for the job the manufacturer will need to know his raw-material prices.

   3. The Baltic Exchange being one of the most important markets in the City of London today is a well-known fact.

   6. Прочитайте текст и выпишите незнакомые слова в словарь.

Types of markets

    A central concern in marketing is the market - the group of people who might need or want your product and who would have the money to buy  it.

    Markets may be classified in two broad categories. The consumer market consists of individuals and households that purchase goods and services for personal use. The industrial/organizational market is made up of enterprises that buy goods and services for resale to the consumer market or for their own operations. These two groups approach their purchases in different ways. There are also target markets. They are intended for specific groups of customers to whom a company wants to sell a particular product.

    The businessperson's first marketing task is to decide on the goods or services that will attract customers. The key is to determine these customers needs and wants and then translate them into desirable products. As you make decisions about how to satisfy your customers, you are creating a marketing mix. The marketing mix is a combination of four major ingredients: product (ideas, goods, or services), price, place (distribution), and promotion. In marketing it is very important  to figure out a clever way to combine the four P's in such a manner as to accomplish the organization's objectives.

    Using the marketing goals as a framework you must analyze environment. Changes in economic conditions, social trends, technology, natural environment all have a great impact on a firm's marketing options. In addition to analyzing the external environment, marketers must look within their own companies to determine their strengths and weaknesses.

7. Найдите в тексте определение для понятия - “рынок” и переведите его письменно на русский язык.

8. Выберите из данных утверждений те, которые соответствуют содержанию текста.

   1. The first businessperson's marketing task is to make profit.

   2. Creating your business you must analyze economic conditions.

   3. The four P's are the main parts of marketing mix.

  9. Назовите все основные внешние факторы, которые влияют на рынок.

                                     Тема 2. Маркетинг.

  1. Прочитайте и переведите однокоренные слова:

   to employ - employer - employing - employment;

   market - marketer - marketing;

   to use - useful - use - usage;

   to identify - identical - identification .

  2.  Подберите синонимичные пары:

 information, to aid, customer, expensive, to collect, technique, costly, data, to

gather, to help, method, consumer.

  3. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива:

   1. То be a success in commercial field you should do marketing research.

   2. New water-proof, colorful packages are most likely to be attractive to customers.

   3. Reading special literature helps to conduct business.

  4.  Прочитайте текст и выполните к нему задания.

The role of market research

    Marketing research means a process of gathering information about marketing problems and opportunities.

    As you see developing a modern marketing programme is not a simple matter. To aid in the process, more and more firms are employing marketing research. Every year American companies spend over $2 billion to find out such things as:

    1) What products consumers want.

    2) What forms, colours, packaging, price ranges consumers prefer.

    3) What types of advertising, public relations, and selling practices are most likely to appeal to customers.

    By analyzing this sort of information companies develop their marketing programme. Broadly speaking, there are two basic approaches to marketing research:

    (1) interview or, survey methods, which attempt to analyze the consumer's thought processes; and (2) observational methods, which analyze the consumer's current behavior in an attempt to predict future buying patterns. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Many companies combine the two methods, getting the best of both.

    It takes financial resources to conduct market research, but even the smallest companies can gather useful information to guide their marketing decisions. One of the best and least expensive sources of information is a company's existing customers. By talking with customers, a firm can identify marketing problems, learn about the competition, and analyze alternative marketing strategies.

    It is often said that the sales manager ought to be responsible for his company's market research. But if a company is large enough it usually has its own separate research department.

5. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту:

   1. What methods are used in marketing research?

   2. Which method do you consider to be the most effective?

6. Разбейте текст на логические части, составьте план текста.

 7. Переведите цепочки существительных (терминологические цепочки):

   large - scale business;

   motor - vehicle manufacturer;

   specialist firm;

   large - scale benefits.

  8. Переведите однокоренные слова:

 purchase - purchasing; to supply - supplier; to manufacture -manufacturer; economy - economic(al) - economist.

  9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива и на инфинитивные конструкции:

   1. The minimum capital is said to "be the minimum which is necessary for the success of the enterprise.

   2. Each manufacturer expects to earn a profit on his business.

   3. All businessmen know Holding Company to be a more advanced type of Public Company.

   4. To make a decision each partner must consult the other and consider his views.

  10*. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно.

Holding Companies

   If a company has acquired control of another company by the purchase of 51 percent of its voting shares it is said to be a Holding Company. This is one way of building up a large-scale business and it has certain advantages. It takes advantage of specialization within an industry. For example, where in years gone by a motor-vehicle manufacturer may have found it convenient to allow a specialist firm to supply him with particular components, a growth in the size of his own business may make it desirable to bring subsidiary firm within his own direct control. By purchasing 51 per cent of the voting shares, control can be secured and the subsidiary company brought within the direct influence of the parent company.

    The integration may permit the smaller company to preserve its good-will while sharing in the large-scale benefits, research, marketing and welfare economies achieved by the parent firm. This is known as vertical integration: integration from top to "bottom of an industry. These companies are able to achieve economies of scale, and as such are probably desirable as a contribution to the general problem of production, which is to secure maximum satisfaction of "wants" from a minimum input of the world's scarce resources.

    Whether such large groups of companies are socially desirable is a debatable point. What the Companies Acts attempt to do is to protect the minority shareholders of such companies. Such shareholders are given rights under the Acts, which entitle them to appeal to the Board of Trade against unfair treatment. A Holding Company, in its published accounts, must clearly reveal the extent to which it controls other companies.

11. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы к тексту:

   1. What company is called a Holding Company?

   2. What advantages has a Holding Company?

   3. What documents can protect the minority shareholders?

РАЗДЕЛ 2. ОСНОВЫ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА.

Тема 1 . Зачем менеджеру английский язык?

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. to learn	изучать
2. to study foreign languages	изучать иностранные языки
3. to travel abroad	ездить заграницу
4. the knowledge of languages	знание иностранных языков
5. to communicate with people	общаться с людьми
6. to occupy a special place	занимать особое место
7. to be used in various spheres of life	использоваться в различных сферах жизни
8. English-speaking countries	англоговорящие страны
9. to have a command of a foreign language	владеть иностранным языком
10. to speak English fluently	свободно (бегло) говорить по-английски
11. can’t do without	невозможно обойтись без
12. all over the world	во всём мире
13. the language of progressive science and technology	язык прогрессивной науки и техники
14. international communication	международное общение
15. to address international mail	адресовать международную почту
16. to store computer texts	сохранять компьютерные тексты
17. computer-literate	владеющий навыками работы на компьютере
18. the most widespread language on the earth	самый распространенный язык на земле
19. second language	второй (неродной язык)
20. the official language	официальный язык
21. mother tongue/ native language	родной язык
22. native speakers	носители языка
23. to make up topics and dialogues	составлять устные темы и диалоги
24. to learn professional vocabulary	учить профессиональный словарь
25. to study English grammar	изучать грамматику английского языка
26. to take a lot of time and patience	отнимать много времени и требовать терпения
27. it’s a must	это просто необходимо; без этого нельзя

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Nowadays it is very important to learn foreign languages. You can’t imagine an educated person, who doesn’t know any foreign language. Some people learn languages because they need them in their work; others travel abroad; for the third studying languages is a hobby. Every year thousands of people go from one country to another either on business or for pleasure and the knowledge of languages helps them to communicate with people and understand them.

English occupies a special place, as it is a language spoken by many people and used in various spheres of life. English is very important for development of the international contacts. More and more contacts are established with the countries of Europe, with the USA and other English-speaking countries. Our foreign partners need specialists who have a command (to know) of one or more foreign languages and can speak them fluently.

A real professional can’t do without knowing foreign languages, especially English as it is an international language. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English and read all over the world. Half of the world’s scientific literature is written in English. It’s the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business.

English is the language of international communication. The majority of international telephone calls are made in English. More than seventy per cent of international mail is written and addressed in English. Eighty per cent of all computer texts, including all web sites, are stored in English.

English is a world language. It’s the most widespread language on earth, and it is second only to Chinese in the number of people who speak it. It’s spoken in the British Isles, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and much of Canada and South Africa. English is also a second language of another 300 million people living in more than 60 countries. English is indeed a world language. English is spoken by more than 400 million people. It is the official language of the UK, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.

At our university the course of English runs for two years. During the course students read and translate texts on their specialty, make up different topics and dialogues, learn professional vocabulary and study English grammar.

Learning a language is not an easy thing. It’s a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But it’s a must (necessity).

3. Найдите синонимичные предложения в тексте.

1. English is the language of politics and diplomacy, science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music.

2. 75% of the world’s letters and faxes are in English.

3. To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for every good specialist.

4. English is not an easy language to learn.

5. English is the first language in the United Kingdom, the USA,

Australia and New Zealand.

6. 75 % of all information in the world’s computers is in English.

7. As a second language English is spoken in more than 60 countries.

8. One billion people speak English today. That’s about 20% of the world’s population.

9. Every day distances between different countries become less.

10. More than 60% of all scientific journals are written in English.

11. 400 million people speak English as their first language.

12. 60% of all international telephone calls are made in English.

4. Прочитайте диалог.

- Where is English the official language?

- English is the official language of the USA, Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand.

- Do many people speak English?

- More than 360 million people speak English as their mother tongue and as a foreign language. The number includes (эта цифра включает в себя как....) both people living in the countries where English is one or the only official language and (так и …) the countries whose official language is other than English. Russia is one of such countries.

- What are your reasons (причины) to study English?

- I want to learn English because it is interesting and it will help me to find a good job in future.

- How long have you been studying English?

- I have been studying English for 12 years.

- Do you use English as a language of international communication?

- Yes, I do. Once I spoke to foreigners in St. Petersburg. They lost their way and didn’t know what to do. I told them the way to the Hermitage (Эрмитаж). They were from Canada. I often go online (выходить в Интернет) and chat to people all over the world. I think this is a kind of interaction (взаимодействие), too. I also listen to songs in English as I’m fond of foreign pop music.

- Is it more important now to learn English than fifty years ago?

- Yes, it is. English becomes more and more popular every year. It is because there is a great need in specialists who know foreign languages and are computer-literate. Russia is developing very quickly now and to use the international experience it is necessary to have many such specialists.

- Have you ever been to an English-speaking country?

- No. I haven’t. But I have been to France last summer and spoke English there. You see, I don’t know any words in French and I tried to speak English when in France. You know, it is easy to communicate with the French, if you know English.

- Have you ever spoken to native speakers of English?

- No, I haven’t. But I hope that I will someday.

Тема 2. Обязанности менеджера.

1. Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:

1. to apply	применять
2. to carry out	выполнять
3. to determine	определять
4. at someone's disposal	в чьём-либо распоряжении
5. to elaborate	тщательно разрабатывать
6. frequently	часто
7. to include	включать
8. non-profit	не рассчитанный на получение прибыли
9. a number of	ряд, несколько
10. objective	задача, цель
11. occasion	случай
12. preference	предпочтение
13. profit-making	рассчитанный на получение прибыли
14. relationship	отношение
15. relatively	относительно
16. to be required	требоваться
17. responsible	ответственный
18. social work agency	служба социальной защиты
19. supervise	управлять
20. term	термин
21. uncertainty	неопределённость

2. Прочитайте текст “What is a manager”.

A number of different terms are used for "manager", including "director", "administrator" and "president". The term "manager" is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies. What, then, is a manager?

First, when used collectively the term "management" refers to those people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within the system. An individual manager is a person who directly supervises people in an organization.

Some basic characteristics seem to apply to managers in all types of organizations; they include hard work on a variety of activities, preference for active tasks, direct personal relationships.

Almost everything a manager does involves decisions. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk. Managing is a hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. The engineer can finish a design on a particular day, and the lawyer can win or lose one case at a certain time. But... A manager is responsible for the men, machines, materials and methods at his disposal. These are resources he uses to reach his objectives. And in determining how he will use them, he must constantly make decisions.

A decision always involves a choice among alternatives. A real decision is required when there's some uncertainty about choosing one course rather than another - when the manager can't really be sure that it is better to decide one way rather than another. Thus true decision-making has some degree of risk.

Decision-making and problem solving involves much more than the final choice among possible courses of action. It involves detecting the occasions for decision - the problems that have to be dealt with. It involves developing possible problem solutions - courses of action - among which the final choice will be made. Discovering and defining problems, elaborating courses of action and making final choices are all stages in the decision-making process.

3. Поставьте нужные слова вместо пропусков

1. The term «manager» is used more frequently in …….organizations.

2. First, when used collectively the term «management» those people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within the system.

3. He ……. them directly.

4. This characteristic seem ….to all terms.

5. Their responsibilities …… hard work on a variety of activities.

6. Almost everything a manager does involves ….. .

7. There is always some ….. and risk.

4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1. What terms are used for word "manager"?

2. What does the term "management" refers to?

3. What are basic characteristics applicable to all types of managers?

4. Why is managing a hard job?

5. What is a manager responsible for?

6. When is a real decision required?

7. What does decision-making involve?

5. Прочитайте интернациональные слова и переведите их.

Economic activity, economic system, macroeconomics, microeconomics, to produce, to operate, to protect, to analyze, to finance, to manufacture, to specialize, to focus, to affect, service, school, hospital, garage, fact, base, production, material, industry, radio, strategy, status, export, import, institution, distribution, division, investment, history, organization, period, spectrum, agriculture, essential, basic, industrialized, oriented (policy), national, financial, social, major, fact, base, total, primarily, public.

Тема 3. Личные качества менеджера.

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. a trait of character	черта характера
2. a subordinate	подчиненный
3. authority	авторитет, власть
Authoritative	властный, авторитетный
4. strong-willed	волевой
5. to convince	убеждать
6. competent	компетентный, знающий
Competence	компетентность
7. efficient	толковый, эффективный, результативный
Efficiency	эффективность, результативность
8. to leave tasks unfinished	оставлять задачи невыполненными
9. to achieve the goal	достигать цели
10. intelligent	Умный
11. stupid	глупый
12. successful	успешный
13. to make decisions	принимать решения
decision-making	принятие решений
14. to be able	быть способным
Ability	способность
15. quality	качество
16. to think clearly	мыслить ясно
17. to explain ideas clearly	ясно излагать (объяснять) мысли
18. innovation	нововведение, инновация
19. to communicate	общаться, передавать (инф-цию)
20. not to be conformist	не быть конформистом
21. to have confidence	иметь уверенность в чем-либо
22. professional judgment	профессиональное суждение, оценка
23. to apply knowledge in practical life	применять знания на практике
24. general outlook	Общий кругозор
25. an economic trend	экономическая тенденция
26. to be responsible	быть ответственным
Responsibility	ответственность
27. punctual	пунктуальный
Punctuality	пунктуальность
28. to get on with somebody	Ладить с кем-либо

2. Прочитайте текст.

Manager

Not every man can be a good manager. A good manager needs have certain personal traits of character. A manager has subordinates. He has to be authoritative and strong-willed – he must convince people to do things. A good manager is competent – he knows well his job and the job of his subordinates. A good manager is efficient – he never leaves tasks unfinished, and does his best to achieve the goals. A manager must be intelligent – a business cannot be successful with a stupid manager. In most businesses, a manager needn’t be beautiful, friendly or stylish. But he must be able to see the good ideas, innovations and to use them in his business. A real manager can make right decisions quickly.

Accountant

The modern accountant plays an important role in business activity. His tasks are wider than a dozen years ago. He acts as an adviser (советник) to management and helps them in decision making.

Good knowledge of mathematics does not make a good accountant. A very important quality is the ability to think clearly and see a general financial picture made up of separate figures (из отдельных цифр). (By the way, a liking of crosswords and other puzzles is an indication of good analytical skills).

A good accountant can explain his ideas and conclusions (выводы) simply and clearly. His ideas must be understood not only by other accountants, but also clients and management. Figures alone (сами по себе, одни) are of no use, the conclusion must be communicated properly.

Traditions die hard (удерживаются прочно, надолго) in most professions. Accountancy is no exception. People expect you to wear a business suit at work rather than (а не) jeans and a T-shirt or pink hair. But paradoxically, good accountants should not be too conformist in their thinking. They know their own mind (имеют собственное мнение) and have confidence in their professional judgement.

It is not easy to put the qualities of a good accountant in a in a few words. Some of them are inborn (врожденные), others are acquired (приобретенные) by education and experience: a good knowledge of accounting and the ability to apply it in practical life; a broad general outlook and understanding of economic trends and events; responsibility, decision-making ability, punctuality; the ability to get on with colleagues, personnel and people in general.

3. Выполните упражнения к тексту.

1. Распределите качества в два столбика 1) inborn(врожденные) and 2) acquired(приобретенные).

intelligence, punctuality, decision-making skill, efficiency, being authoritative, communication skills, ability to speak clearly, confidence, the ability to get on with people, analytical mind, good taste (вкус) in clothes, beauty, will (воля) not to leave tasks unfinished, liking of crossword puzzles, being emotional, being well-read.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Why must a manager be strong-willed?

2. What does being efficient mean? (Что значит быть толковым, результативным?)

3. In what business areas does a manager need be stylish?

4. Why doesn’t a manager need have new ideas of his own?

5. What is the most necessary trait of character for the manager?

6. Why is it important for the accountant to report his conclusions clearly?

7. How do people traditionally imagine (представляют себе) a typical accountant?

8. What makes you think that you could be a good accountant?

3. Переведите производные от слов на русский язык:

1) to analyze, analysis (сущ.), analytical mind;

2) to count , an account, an accountant, accounting, accountancy;

3) author, authority, authoritative, authoritatively;

4) to decide, decision, decisive (прилаг.), decisively, decision-making;

5) a will, strong-willed, weak-willed, willingly, unwillingly;

6) responsible, responsibility, a response, to respond, a respondent;

7) intelligent (прилаг.), intelligence, intellect, intellectual;

8) confidence, confident, unconfident, to confide;

9) efficient, efficiency, inefficient, inefficiency;

10) to be able, ability, disability, a disabled person;

11) judgement, self-judgement, to judge, a judge, judicial (прилаг.).

Тема 4. Устройство на работу.

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова

1.	to apply for a job	подавать заявление на работу; обращаться по поводу работы
2.	an applicant = a candidate	претендент, соискатель
3.	an application form	бланк заявления
4.	A resume	резюме, анкета
5.	to employ a present employer employment	нанимать на работу нынешний работодатель занятость, работа; наём
6.	an advertisement = an ad	объявление
7.	to fill in = to complete	заполнить (бланк)
8.	to assess	оценить
9.	to obtain = to get = to receive	получить
10	Suitability	пригодность
11.	A post = a position	должность
12.	A vacancy	вакансия
13.	A job objective	желаемая должность
14.	work experience	опыт работы
15.	Qualification	квалификация
16.	A skill	умение, навык
17.	Reference a reference	рекомендация поручитель
18.	an interview	собеседование
19.	Salary	заработная плата
20.	to earn	зарабатывать
21.	to take courses	пройти курсы
22.	a duty = a responsibility	обязанность
23.	to give a notice	уведомить
24.	marital status	семейное положение
25.	to look for a job	искать работу
26.	to move	переезжать
27.	Available upon request.	Предоставляется по требованию.

2. Поставьте вместо пропусков нужные слова.

1. TST system was looking for candidates for the ………. of a Commercial director.

2. Three ……… came for the interview.

3. Fill the ……….. form.

4. You have excellent …………….. from your previous job.

5. Your ……… will be $450 for a trial period.

6. Before going to the interview you should send your resume to an …………..

3. Расположите в правильной последовательности действия при поиске работы.

1. Mark wrote an application.

2. Mark was out of work.

3. Mark looked for a job.

4. Mark got the job of a sales manager.

5. Mark went for an interview.

6. Mark worked as a clerk.

7. Mark retired.

8. Mark was offered the job.

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Advertisements (ads) for employment appear in newspapers and magazines, radio and television. Some companies send application forms, others prefer applicants to fill in a resume which is your personal and working history. The information supplied in a resume will help the company to assess your suitability for the post. Besides, this paper is the first impression the firm will obtain of you. So it’s very important that you complete the paper neatly and carefully. A resume should not be longer than one page.

It usually contains the following information:

1. personal information (name, postal address, telephone number, e-mail address)

2. job objective

3. education and qualifications

4. work experience

5. skills

6. hobbies and interests

7. references

Helpful words:

1. typing печатание

2. shorthand стенография

3. correspondence ведение корреспонденции

4. mail distribution сортировка почты

5. general office duties обычные канцелярские обязанности

6. maiden name девичья фамилия

7. to tick отмечать, ставить галочку

8. wpm (words per minute) слов в минуту

9. word processing текстовый редактор

10. keyboard skills навыки работы с коммутатором

11.customer contact приём клиентов и поставщиков

12. driving licence водительские права

13. filing делопроизводство

14. signature подпись

5. Прослушайте диалог и ответьте на вопросы.

What’s the name of an applicant?
What position does he apply?
What company did he work before applying?
How long did he work there?
What responsibilities were offered for him?
What are his strengths?
Is he a leader?
What salary was offered to him?
Where will he travel?

10. When will he start?

6. Ознакомьтесь с правилами оформления резюме и напишите свое резюме.

Here is an example of a resume:

Anna Smirnova

25, Chaikovsky Street, apt.1

St. Petersburg, 191194, Russia

tel. 8 (812) 272 08 95

OBJECTIVE: To obtain a position as a Personnel Manager

EDUCATION: St. Petersburg State University 2000-2005

Diploma in Management.

WORK Johnson Bros Ltd., 35 Lenin Avenue

EXPERIENCE: Post: Secretary

July 2005 – till now Responsibilities: Secretarial work including

typing, shorthand, correspondence,

answering customers’ calls, mail distribution

and general office duties

HOBBIES &

INTERESTS: Theatre, music, swimming and tennis

REFERENCES: Available upon request.

7. Заполните анкету.

Sample of Application form

Personal

NAME ________________________________________________

ADDRESS _____________________________ PHONE __________________

DO YOU HAVE A VALID DRIVER’S LICENCE Yes No

MARITAL STATUS _______________ # OF DEPENDENTS ____________

EDUCATION _____________________________

Name of school Year graduated Course taken or degree

__________________________________________________________________

LANGUAGES

Russian Excellent Good Fair

English Excellent Good Fair

EXPERIENCE (give present or last position)

COMPANY _____________________ ADDRESS ____________________

TYPE OF BUSINESS INDUSTRY EMPLOYED (month, year)

__________________________________________________________________

POSITION HELD SUPERVISOR’S NAME

__________________________________________________________________

DESCRIBE YOUR DUTIES

__________________________________________________________________

WHY DID YOU LEAVE

__________________________________________________________________

A resume will not get you a job. An interview with a company will get you a job. But before interviewing with a company you should first send your resume.

8. Прочитайте и переведите диалог.

A Job Interview

=Thank you for coming, Ms. Smirnova. My name is Alan Green. I am in charge of Human Resources of Sunbelt Ltd.

- How do you do, Mr. Green?

= Will you take a seat? As I can see you are working for the Johnson Bros Ltd. at the moment. How long have you been there?

- Since July 2005. It’s a very interesting position, but I’m looking for something with more responsibility.

= So you are ready for a change, aren’t you?

- Yes, I am. I feel it is time to do something different.

= And can your family move with you?

- I’m single.

= I see. How much do you earn at your present job, Ms. Smirnova?

- At the moment I earn $8,500 a year.

= And what kind of salary are you looking for?

- I don’t know, Mr. Green. It depends on the job.

= And on your qualifications and experience, of course.

- Sure.

= If you don’t mind, I’d like to ask you some questions about your education and your present employment.

- Oh yes, certainly. Well, in 2005 I graduated from St. Petersburg State University. I was qualified as a manager. Working for Johnson Bros I’ve done a six months’ secretarial training course where I studied shorthand, filing and computer technology. I’ve been working for the company for a year. Though I work as a secretary my duties are those of a personal assistant. I deal with company’s customers and personnel.

= Have you worked abroad?

- No, I haven’t. But I can speak English fluently and a little German.

= That’s fine. When can you start, Ms. Smirnova?

- In a month’s time. I have to give my company a month’s notice.

Ответьте на вопросы.

a. Can you tell me a few words about yourself?

b. We have a lot of applicants for this job, why should we choose you?

c. Which is more important to you: status or money?

d. Why do you want to leave your present job?

e. Are you an ambitious person?

f. Don’t you think you’re a little young / old for this job?

g. What do you do in your spare time?

h. What worries (беспокоить, тревожить) you about the job you’re doing now?

i. How would you describe your present boss?

j. When did you last lose your temper (рассердиться, выйти из себя)?

9. Соотнесите вопрос и ответ, и переведите их на русский. Более, чем один ответ возможен:

1. Have you ever written an Application form?

2. Have you ever looked for a job?

3. Have you ever had an experience in catering?

4. Have you ever thought about your strengths and weaknesses?

5. Have you ever solved any problems at work?

6. Have you ever made an interview small talk?

А. Yes, during my vocational training in Grand Hotel Europe.

В. Yes, I did it last year.

С. Yes, I do it every summer.

D. No, never.

E. Yes, and I did my best. My boss was quite satisfied with my decision.

F. Yes, when I was preparing for my first interview.

10. Переведите предложения с русского на английский:

1. Для начала вам следует купить газету или журнал с объявлениями о приеме на работу.

2. Потом вам придется продумать вступительную речь для интервью.

3. Затем вы должны отправить сопроводительное письмо.

4. Вам придется узнать, какой стиль одежды существует у сотрудников компании.

5. Вы должны написать резюме в правильном порядке.

6. Вам придется его тщательно обдумать.

7. Затем вам следует взвесить ваши сильные и слабые стороны для этой должности.

8. Вы должны прийти на интервью вовремя.

Тема 5. Офис.

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. to manufacture	изготавливать, производить
2.to join the company	поступить на работу в компанию
3. an employee	служащий
4. turnover	оборот
5. desktop computer	настольный компьютер
6. notebook computer	ноутбук
7. keyboard	клавиатура
8. mouse mat	коврик для мыши
9. to equip	оборудовать, оснащать
to be equipped with	быть оборудованным, оснащенным
10. chair	стул
11. drawer	выдвижной ящик стола
12. wastepaper basket	корзина для ненужной бумаги
13. filing cabinet	шкаф для документов
14. photocopier	ксерокс
15. bookshelves	книжные полки; открытый шкаф
16. shredder	измельчитель бумаги
17. stationery	канцтовары
18. office supplies	офисные принадлежности
19. folder	папка
20. staple	скобка
Stapler	степлер, скрепкосшиватель
21. paper clip	скрепка для бумаг
22. hole punch	Дырокол
23. note pad	Блокнот
24. floppy disk	Дискета
25. office manager	офис-менеджер, руководитель офиса
26. to distribute work	распределять работу
27. to oversee	наблюдать (за выполнением)
28. to have responsibility for	нести ответственность за
29. bookkeeper	бухгалтер
30. to enter	вносить (информацию в компьютер)
31. data	Данные
32.computer spreadsheet	компьютерная таблица
33. to balance	сводить баланс
34. to draft documents	составлять документы
35. legal	юридический, правовой
36. to counsel	давать консультации, советовать
37. negotiations.	1) переговоры; 2) обсуждение условий
38. to answer phone calls	Отвечать на телефонные звонки
39. to make an appointment	назначить встречу
40. to e-mail	отправить по электронной почте
41. to assist	помогать, ассистировать
42. to write reports	писать отчеты
43. staff	Штат
44. to be forbidden	быть запрещенным
45. business suit	деловой костюм
46. office relations	отношение между сотрудниками
47. do paperwork	выполнять канцелярскую работу

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

1. Mark Smith is working for a computer company during his university holidays. The company is called Logix. It has 25 employees, and its turnover is four million pounds a year. It started as a software company, and the main part of its business is helping companies to run their software systems. Recently, the directors of Logix decided to add manufacture of hardware to their activities. For the moment, they manufacture two basic computers: a desktop model and a notebook computer. They can now offer the companies a complete service: they sell the necessary software and hardware, install it and maintain it. Mark would like to join the company as a programmer after finishing the university, but for now he is working as an office boy. It is a chance for him to get to know the company, and a chance for them to get to know him.

2. The office is very well equipped. Each office worker has a desk with drawers, a chair, a desk lamp, a computer (a keyboard and a monitor), a telephone and a wastepaper basket. On the walls, there are bookshelves and modern paintings. At the wall, there is a filing cabinet. There are also two printers and a modem. In the corner, there is a photocopier, a scanner and a shredder. All the stationery items are in the office supplies room. The stationery includes paper, folders, staplers, staples, paper clips, hole punches, notepads, pens, pencils, envelopes, labels, floppy disks, etc. Here and there are green plants, they make the room look more comfortable and nice. When the workers run out of stationery, the office boy gets it for them from the office supplies room.

3. Staff members have certain duties:

· The office manager distributes work, oversees office operations and has responsibility for the supplies and equipment.

· The bookkeeper enters financial data and balances all financial records on computer spreadsheets.

· The lawyer drafts legal documents and counsels during the negotiations (обсуждение условий, переговоры).

· The engineers and technicians install and maintain the hardware and software.

· The secretary answers phone calls, makes appointments and e-mails business letters.

· The office boy is at hand to help the staff in their job. He gets the stationery, waters the plants, assists the technicians, etc.

All the clerks have to write reports.

4. There are a few rules and traditions in the office. Smoking, drinking alcohol and personal telephone talks are forbidden. Staff members do not wear jeans, T-shirts and bright make-up at work - a business suit contributes more to the image of the company. Office workers call each other by their first names. It is a taboo to raise voice, gossip and come late to work. The office hours are from 8 a.m. till 5 p.m. with a lunch break. The employees prefer having lunch in the nearby café. In the same café they celebrate corporate events and national holidays.

Mark finds the office relations very friendly and helpful.

Helpful words

1. hardware	аппаратное обеспечение
2. software	программное обеспечение
3. to run a software system	работать с программами
4. to install	устанавливать
5. to maintain	обслуживать, поддерживать
6. to contribute to the image	улучшать имидж
7. bright make-up	яркая косметика
8. to call by first names	называть по имени
9. to raise voice	повышать голос
10. to gossip	сплетничать
11. corporate event	корпоративный праздник

3. Выполните упражнения к тексту.

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What company do you work for?

2. How many employees are there in the company?

3. What goods or services does your company produce?

4. How many employees work in your office?

5. What are they?

6. What are their responsibilities?

7. What are your responsibilities?

8. How is your office equipped?

9. What stationery do you use?

10. What rules are accepted in your office?

11. What are the traditions in your office?

12. What is the worst and the best thing about your office?

2. Какая офисная вещь описывается?

Model. A thing you hang on the wall that tells you the date. – Calendar.

Предмет, который вы вешаете на стену, и который

сообщает вам дату. – Календарь

1. A thing you put used papers into.

2. A thing which helps you to count.

3. A thing which you use for keeping documents and papers.

4. A thing which you use to make hard copies of documents.

5. A part of a desk where you usually keep papers, pens, pencils, etc.

6. A letter or picture etc. that is sent electronically through a telephone line.

3. Найдите 14 слов, описывающих офисные предметы.

Надпись: C H A I R M E R P L A
U M O U S E N F I A D
P L A N T U V I N B E
B O O K S H E L V E S
O R S T A P L E R L K
A G U I L L O T I N E
R E N O T E P A D E S
D R I S H R E D D E R

4. Закончите диалог.

Anna: So what do you do in your office?

Barbra: I do a lot of (1) ….. . I send business (2) ….. and (3) ….. .

Anna: Do you also have to make (4) ….. ?

Barbra: Yes. And I have to (5) …... reports.

Anna: What about answering (6) ….. ?

Barbra: There is another woman working with me in the same (7)

…. and she does it. She also works at a (8) ….. : enters

(9) ….. , edits (редактирует) it and prints out hard copies.

Anna: So you both have a lot of work!

5. Найдите не подходящее по смыслу слово.

1) to distribute work, to answer phone calls, to prefer fast food, to counsel in the negotiations, to assist the staff members, to balance the financial records.

2) a hole punch, a stapler, an envelope, a label, a scanner, a paper clip, a folder.

3) a lawyer, an office manager, a bookkeeper, an office boy, an engineer, a secretary, a staff member, a member of the board.

Тема 6. В офисе.

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Let me introduce my friend to you. His name is Sedov. He works for a large modern company. He is a sales manager. He is considered to be a qualified specialist. Mr. Sedov speaks English fluently (бегло). That is why he can represent the company abroad when it is necessary.

The company is famous for its high quality process equipment (технологическое оборудование) all over the world. Their production is constantly developing. Recently the models of equipment have been improved and can be easily modified. The production of the company meets all modern requirements and standards. Besides (кроме того), customers can see the equipment in operation (work). And the prices are reasonable.

The company consists of 6 departments: Production, Sales, Export, Financial, Personnel and Research and Development one. The last one is the newest at the company. It was created five years ago. The proper (good) organization of the company work enables (позволяет) reaching good results.

According to (соответственно) its legal status (правовой статус), the management of the company are the Meeting of Shareholders and the Board of Directors. Currently (at the present time) the company employs about 1,600 people. The annual (every year) turnover is more than 3,000 million. They export the equipment to 5 countries all over the world. Besides, they have two daughter companies in Holland and Germany with headquarters (штаб-квартира) in those countries. These companies are called subsidiaries. Each company trades under its own name. But the company management is looking for (ищет) new partners in Eastern Europe as well. The company management would like to extend their activity. That is why personal contacts are established with different companies. Business proposals (offers) are thoroughly investigated by the managers of the company. The latest catalogues and price-lists are regularly sent out. The latest models of equipment are traditionally exhibited at the international fairs (ярмарки).

Useful Vocabulary

1. sales manager менеджер по сбыту

2. he is considered to be его считают

3 . fluently бегло

4 . to represent представлять

5. to be famous for быть знаменитым

6. to modify модифицировать

7. suitable подходящий

8. reasonable разумный, приемлемый

9. personnel department отдел кадров

10. research & development научно-исследовательский

department отдел

11.shareholders акционеры

12. Board of Directors совет директоров

13. to employ нанимать на работу

14. turnover оборот

15. thoroughly тщательно

16. to investigate изучать, исследовать

17. to improve улучшать

18. to develop развивать, разрабатывать

19. to meet the requirements соответствовать требованиям

20. sales department отдел сбыта

21. production department производственный отдел

22. to be created быть созданным

23. to reach good results достичь хороших результатов

24. according to в соответствии с

25. to trade торговать

26. to extend расширять

27. to establish устанавливать

28.a customer заказчик

The Company Organization

Company is an association of persons officially formed for the purpose (цель) of some business. It is often managed by the Board of Directors. The board is usually headed by the chairman and consists of individuals elected (избираемых) by the shareholders. The directors are active in the day-today operation (work) as well as determining company policy and carrying out general direction.

The managing director is the director of a company with specific responsibility for management. Apart from (кроме) the chairman, the managing director is normally the senior person in the company. (The title of the Chairman is often equivalent to that of the President in an American corporation).

Companies belong to various areas of business, such as engineering, microelectronics, chemicals, shipping, transport, retailing, (розничная торговля), catering (общественное питание), insurance, banking (банковское дело), etc.

Vocabulary

association ассоциация, объединение
board of directors совет директоров
chairman председатель
to elect избирать
to purchase покупать
engineering машиностроение, техника
shipping кораблестроение
catering сфера общественного питания
to insure страховать

10. insurance страхование

11.to head возглавлять

12. purpose цель

13.specific responsibility особая ответственность

2. Выполните задания к тексту

1. a) Make up word combinations using words in two columns.

A B

1. to work for 1. the production

2. to represent 2. a company

3. to develop 3. the process equipment

4. to modify 4. a large company

5. to manage 5. the latest models of

machines

6. to export 6. the price-lists and

catalogues

7. to extend 7. business proposals

8. to establish 8. the activity

9. to investigate 9. personal contacts

10. to introduce 10. a sales manager

11. to exhibit

b) Match the synonyms.

A B

1. a company 1. an operation

2. a work 2. a firm

3. a customer 3. management

4. good organization 4. thoroughly

5. proposals 5. present-day

6. to investigate 6. the newest catalogues

7. the latest catalogues 7. to examine

8. modern 8. a client

9. very attentively 9. proper organization

10. direction 10. offers

c) Match the English and Russian equivalents.

A B

1.board of directors 1. директор - распорядитель

2. chairman 2. совет директоров

3. managing director 3. председатель

4. marketing manager 4. менеджер по рекламе

5. production manager 5. менеджер по маркетингу

6. purchasing manager 6. начальник производства

7. sales manager 7. менеджер по закупкам

8. chief accountant 8. менеджер по сбыту

9. advertising manager 9. главный бухгалтер

10. training manager 10. менеджер по подготовке

кадров

3. Complete the sentences.

a. Mr. Sedov works for a large … .

b. The company is … for its high quality process equipment.

c. The equipment meets all the present-day …and standards.

d. Customers can see the equipment in … .

e. The prices are… .

f. The proper organization of the company work enables reaching good… .

g. The management of the company are the Meeting of … and the Board of … .

h. The annual … is more than 3,000 mln.

i. They … the equipment to 5 countries over the world.

j. They have two … companies in Europe.

k. Personal … are established with different companies.

l. … proposal are carefully (scrupulously) examined by the managers of the company.

m. The… models are exhibited at the international fairs.

Prompts: shareholders / Directors, latest, reasonable, export, requirements, results, operation, famous, business, turnover, contacts, company, daughter.

4. Read and translate the text. Reproduce it in Russian.

Siemens

Over the decades the name of Siemens has become synonymous with progress. Since 1847, when Werner Siemens and Johann George Halske founded the Siemens & Halske Telegraph Construction Company in Berlin, the history of Siemens has been closely linked (связана) with the development of electrical engineering. The company headed the evolution of telegraphy with the first pointer telegraph and the construction of an extensive telegraph network. In 1866, Werner Siemens invented (изобрел) the dynamo machine.

New ideas are an old tradition at Siemens. The company that grew out of the original Siemens & Halske is today a highly innovative leader on the world electrical and electronics market. Composed of Siemens AG and a number of domestic and foreign subsidiaries, the contemporary Siemens organization continues to set milestones (мильный камень –веха) on the road of progress.

Siemens maintains its own production facilities in 35 countries and operates a world-wide sales network with more than 300 000 employees, it is one of the largest companies in the world of electrical and electronical industry. Reliable and farsighted (дальновидный) management is united with the youth dynamism and best innovation that typify the company.

5. Read and translate the Dialogue.

At the Company Office

- Let me introduce my staff to you. This is my secretary, Miss Krivenko.

- I am nice to meet you, Miss Krivenko.

- So am I. Call me Ann.

- I also want you to meet Victor Volgin, our sales manager. You

have already met Mr. Ivanov.

- What does Mr. Ivanov do?

- He is our Export-import Manager… Sit down please, Mr.Cartwright. A cigarette?

- Yes. Thank you.

- Would you like something to drink?

- Oh… Yes. I would like a cup of coffee.

- Ann, could you make coffee for us, please?

- Certainly, sir. What coffee do you prefer, Mr. Cartwright, black or white?

- Black, please.

- With sugar?

- No, thanks.

- By the way, Mr. Cartwright, what are you by profession?

- I am an engineer. But at the Continental Equipment I work as a Sales Manager. Here is my card.

- Let’s get down to business, Mr. Cartwright. We are extending our business and want to buy equipment for producing in the Ukraine some goods we are importing now from western countries. We know some companies, like yours, that produce the sort of equipment we need. Your company provides advanced technology and efficient service, which small companies can’t provide. That is why we are interested in your equipment.

- Yes, I see. You will be pleased to find out that service life of our equipment was considerably extended, moreover, we reduced its price.

- Would you mind speaking a bit slower, Mr. Cartwright? I am not very good at English.

- Sure. I said we had improved (made better) the performance (technical characteristics) of our equipment.

- It is very interesting. But first of all I would like to know if it is possible to adapt your equipment to our needs.

- To answer your question, Mr. Pospelov, I have to visit your factory and study your requirements.

- I will show you our factory tomorrow.

- What time?

- Let me see… I have an appointment with my lawyer at 9 a.m. How about 10 o’clock?

- That is fine.

- Now we are seeking a Commercial Director for this project so in the future you will have to deal with (to contact) him. If we decide to buy your equipment, he will visit your company and you will discuss with him the main principles of the contract in detail.

- Fine. I have got some advertising materials so you will be able to study the main characteristics of our equipment yourself.

- Thank you, Mr. Cartwright. Our driver is at your disposal during your visit. His name is Oleg.

- Thank you.

Useful Vocabulary

1. export-import manager менеджер по экспорту и

импорту

2. I’d like to мне бы хотелось

3. to prefer предпочитать

4. by the way meжду прочим

5. by profession по профессии

6. sales manager менеджер по сбыту

7. here is my card вот моя визитная карточка

8. Let’s get down to business. Давайте перейдем к делу.

9. to extend расширять

10. to provide производить, внедрять

11. advanced technology передовая технология

12. efficient service эффективная система

сервисной поддержки

13. that is why вот почему

14. to be interested in быть заинтересованным в

чем-либо

15. to find out выяснять

16. service life срок службы

17. considerably существенно

18. to reduce the price снизить цену

19. Would you mind speaking Не могли бы вы говорить

a bit slower. чуть помедленнее.

20. to improve улучшить

21. lawyer юрист

22. to deal with иметь дело с

23. advertising materials рекламные материалы

24.at the disposal в распоряжении

6. Выполните упражнения к тексту.

1. Find the equivalents in the text:

кофе со сливками и с сахаром; по профессии; во время визита; деловая встреча с юристом; снизить цену; изучить требования; иметь дело (сотрудничать) с; вот моя визитная карточка; расширять бизнес; импортировать из западных стран; давайте перейдем к делу; срок службы оборудования; адаптировать (приспособить) оборудование.

2. Translate the word combinations:

to introduce personnel; to meet a sales manager; to have a cup of black coffee; to work as a sales manager; to be an engineer by profession; for work in the company; to represent a company; to extend the business; to buy the equipment; to start producing goods, which are imported; a company like yours; the equipment we need; the company provides advanced technology; the company provides efficient service; small companies; to be interested in new equipment; to extend the service life of equipment; to improve the performance of the equipment; to adapt the equipment to the needs of the plant; to visit the factory; to study the requirements; to have an appointment; to discuss the main principles of the contract; to study the contract in detail; during the visit.

7. Translate the sentences.

1. The staff of the Company was introduced to the Seller.

2. The seller represents the American company Continental Equipment.

3. The Ukrainian manufacturers want to extend their business.

4. The Ukrainian manufacturers need the equipment to produce the goods, which are imported from Western countries.

5. The Continental Equipment is a well-known company.

6. The Continental Equipment provides advanced technology and efficient service.

7. The Seller informed that the service life of equipment had been considerably extended.

8. The Seller also informed that the price for equipment had been reduced.

9. That is why the Ukrainian businessmen are interested in buying the equipment from Continental Equipment.

10. The parties want to discuss the main points of the contract in detail.

11. The partners hope that the contract will be signed.

8. Answer the questions.

1. Who represents the Continental Equipment?

2. Who represents the Ukrainian firm?

3. Did Mr. Cartwright and Mr. Pospelov meet to discuss the terms of the contract?

4. Is the Continental equipment a well-known firm?

5. Is that equipment of high quality?

6. Did Mr. Cartwright say that the price had been considerably reduced?

7. Did he say that the performance of the equipment had been improved?

8. Did he say that the service life of the equipment had been prolonged?

9. The Ukrainian firm is going to extend business, isn’t it?

10. They are going to produce the goods that are being imported now from Western countries, aren’t they

11. Is it important for partners to discuss the main points of the Contract?

Тема 7. Рабочий день менеджера.

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. acting assistant manager	помощник ИО управляющего
2. acting manager	исполняющий обязанности управляющего
3. correspondence	корреспонденция
4. dozen	дюжина
5. to empty	пустеть
6. figure	цифра, данные
7. foreman	прораб
8. from memory	по памяти
9. a load of	бремя
10. production manager	управляющий производством
11. production sheets	производственные отчеты

2. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к тексту.

Manager’s working day

Mr. Price stood at the window of his office. He had stopped working at last. The building was empty. Everyone has gone home by half past five. Now it was half past six and the street below had emptied.

What a busy day he had had! He had arrived at the office well before nine o'clock. Why, before nine o'clock he had made two telephone calls! The other offices were still empty when he had phoned, so of course nobody had answered the telephone. Poor Mr. Price!

But then he had opened all the correspondence. By ten o'clock he dictated replies to nearly all the letters. When Miss King left the room he had started to make telephone calls again. By the time the Acting Manager sent for him he had talked to three of the buyers. When the Acting Manager had asked him for information about stocks he had been able to give the information from memory. He was sure the Acting Manager had noticed that!

By one o'clock he had examined the figures from the production sheets and he had signed a dozen letters for Miss King. By two o'clock he had had his lunch and he had done a lot more work on those production figures. By three o'clock he had found two mistakes! By four o'clock he had seen both the Production Manager and the Foreman. He had asked them for an explanation. He had pointed out that the explanation was urgent. By ten o'clock tomorrow the corrected figures must be on his desk. Mr. Price sighed. What a load of responsibility he had!

Mr. Price sighed again. Tomorrow he must make more telephone calls; he must dictate more letters; he must try again to speak to the Acting Assistant Manager. But now he must go home. He put on his coat and his hat. He picked up his attache case and his umbrella and went to the door. He locked the door and walked towards the lift. Then he stopped. He had turned off the electric fire near his desk. It was a quarter to seven. Really he worked too hard!

3. Выберите правильное слово:

(office correspondence reply production sheets figures foreman urgent responsibility)

1. He was asked to finish annual report as soon as possible because it was a very ……. one.

2. You should carefully check all the figures from the …….

3. The secretary brought all day ……. to the boss.

4. Our ………. is situated in the center of the city.

5. Our partners should give there …… soon.

6. This work demands great ……….

7. Statistics deals with a plenty of …….

8. He holds the position of a …………..

4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What position does a character of a text hold?

2. What sort of work does he have to do?

3. What is his typical working day like?

4. What time does he get up?

5. What time does he come to office?

6. What does he do first when he arrives at the office?

7. Does he have a secretary?

8. What has he done during the day?

9. Was he satisfied?

Тема 8. Карьера в бизнесе.

1. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. accountant	бухгалтер
2. background	опыт, образование
3. at the bottom	снизу
4. bussiness administration	руководство бизнесом
5. concept	понятие
6. convercion	переработка
7. creation	создание
8. definition	определение
9. distribution	распространение
10. to establish	учреждать
11. influence	влияние
12. iron ore	железная руда
13. junior executive	руководитель нижнего звена
14. to mean	означать
15. position	должность
16. production	производство
17. to promote	продвигать
18. sale	продажа
19. senior executive	руководитель высшего звена
20. service	услуга
21. top executive	руководитель высшего звена
22. top management	высшее управление
23. to the top	наверх

2. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.

A career in business

Business is a word, which is commonly used in many different languages. But exactly what does it mean?

The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times. Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today it has a more technical definition. One definition of business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for a profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various parts.

First, production is a creation of services or the changing of materials into products. One example is the conversion of iron ore into metal car parts. Next these products need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This is known as distribution. Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money.

Many office workers dream of working their way up to the top from manager to president of the corporation. The way lies through middle management positions. Middle management includes junior executives, who may recommend action to top management or see that the company's policies are being carried out.

At the very top are senior executives, who establish the policies for their companies, especially those that involve finances. The top managers of the large corporations have a great deal of power and influence. It is still to start out at the bottom and go all the way to the top.

Because the financial operation of business is so important, some accountants become top executives. In companies where technology is important, people with an engineering background can also rise to the top.

Nowadays, however, education plays a central role in the selection of men and women for management jobs. Many U.S. universities have courses in business administration. The graduates of these courses often start out in middle management jobs. From there, they can easily get promoted if they show their necessary personality and ability.

2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is one modern definition of business?

2. How does this modern meaning of business differ from the traditional one?

3. What does production involve?

4. How can an office worker rise to the top in a company?

5. What may junior executives do?

6. What do senior executives do?

7. What can happen in companies where technology is important?

8. What courses do many U.S. universities offer?

9. How do the graduates who have taken these courses profit from it?

3. Употребите нужное слово.

business, definition, distribution, profit, position, executives, established, a great deal of power, involves, business administration, be promoted

1. This man holds a …..of the top manager of this company.

2. Soon he will ….from the position of the shop assistance to the position of sales manager.

3. …… simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed.

4. This work ……great responsibility.

5. This university was …… 60 years ago.

6. The top …… of this company are on a business trip now.

7. The ……. of this company has increased lately.

8. Many U.S. universities have courses in ……..

9. ……. is movement of goods from the factory to the marketplace.

10. This term has a very complicated …...

11. The head of this firm has …….

Тема 9. Money.

1. Найдите английский эквивалент следующим русским пословицам.

1. Деньги, потраченные на образование, никогда не пропадут зря.

2. Деньги могут сделать все.

3. Человек должен распоряжаться деньгами, а не деньги человеком.

4. Кто не работает, тот не ест.

Деньги на улице не валяются.
Время – деньги.
Деньги к деньгам идут.
Денег куры не клюют.

9. Деньги не пахнут

Money doesn’t grow on trees.
Money answers all things.
Money is a good servant but a bad master.
Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.
Money has no smell.
Money begets money
To roll in money.
Time – is money.
No bees no honey, no work no money

2. Прочитайте и запомните слова:

1. bank loan	банковский заем
2. banker's card	банковская карта
3. barter	бартер,
4. cheque	чек
5. coin	монета
6. credit card	кредитная карта
7. current account	текущий счет
8. customs duty	таможенная пошлина
9. to deposit	класть в банк
10. disability allowance	пособие по беззаботности
11. equal value	равная ценность
12. exchange of goods	обмен товарами
13. fee	гонорар
14. to haggle about	торговаться
15. inheritance tax	налог на наследство
16. to lend	давать в займы
17. to loan	давать в займы
18. mortgage	ипотечный кредит
19. outright	прямой
20. paper note	банкнота
21. receipt	квитанция
22. reduction	скидка
23. savings account	сберегательный счет
24. statement	отчет, уведомление
25. student grant	стипендия
26. tax	налог
27.unemployment benefit	пособие по безработице
28. value	ценность
29. value-added tax	НДС
30. wealth	богатство
31. to withdraw	снимать, забирать

3. Прочитайте текст.

Money

Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper notes of one kind or another. Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter direct exchange of goods was used. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the marketplace that they considered to be of equal value. Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes. Paper money is easier to handle and much more convenient in the modern world. Cheques, bankers' cards, and credit cards are being used increasingly too.

Sometimes in a shop they ask you: "How do you want to pay?" You can answer: "Cash / By cheque / By credit card". In a bank you usually have a current account, which is one where you pay in your salary and then withdraw money to pay your everyday bills. The bank sends you a regular bank statement telling you how much money is in your account. You may also have a savings account where you deposit any extra money that you have and only take money out when you want to spend it on something special. Sometimes the bank may lend you money - this is called a bank loan. The first example of it is a mortgage. It is money the bank lends you for buying a house.

When you buy something in a shop, you usually pay for it outright but sometimes you buy on credit. Sometimes you may be offered a discount or a reduction on something you buy at a shop. It is not usual to haggle about prices in a British shop, as it is in a Turkish market. If you want to return something which you have bought to a shop, you may be given a refund, i.e. your money will be returned, provided you have a receipt. So the second type of money payment is fee. That is money that you pay for services, e.g. to a school or a lawyer; the money paid for a journey is a fare.

The government collects money from citizens through taxes. Income tax is the tax collected on wages and salaries. Inheritance tax is collected on what people inherit from others. Customs duties have to be paid on goods imported from other countries. VAT or value-added tax is a tax paid on most foods and services when they are bought or purchased. Companies pay corporation tax on their profits.

The government also sometimes pays out money to people in need, e.g. unemployment benefit (also known informally as the dole) disability allowances and student grants (to help pay for studying). Recipients draw a pension/ unemployment benefit or are on the dole or on social security.

Every country has its own special currency. Every day the rates of exchange are published and you can discover, for example, how many dollars there are currently to the pound sterling. A company may sell shares to members of the public who are then said to have invested in that company. They should be paid a regular dividend on their investment, depending on the profit or loss made by the company.

4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What is a money economy based on?

2. What system was used in primitive societies?

3. What types of accounts do you know?

4. What is a current account?

5. What is a savings account?

6. What is a mortgage?

7. What types of tax do you know?

8. What is income tax?

9. What is inheritance tax?

10. What is value-added tax?

11. What types of benefits do you know?

5. Поставьте необходимое по смыслу слово.

1. For purchases or services you can pay by …….

2. I want to buy a house but as I don’t have enough money, I have to take………

3. Tax, paid on most foods and services when they are bought or purchased is called………

4. There is a sale in this shop, so we can get a good……. there.

5. You can’t………. in this big supermarket, as you did it yesterday in the market

6. ………….is one where you pay in your salary and then withdraw money to pay your everyday bills.

7. Sometimes the bank may lend you money—this is called ……….

8. If you want to save some of your extra money, you should open………

9. You may be returned money for your purchase, provided you have a……….

10. He didn’t realized the……… of this thing till he lost it.

6. Назовите одним словом.

1. A fixed amount which is paid, usually monthly, to workers of higher rank.

A s………

2. An amount of money which you lend to someone. A l……

3. A sum of money which is owed to someone. A d…….

4. Money which is in the form of coins and notes. Not cheques. C…….

5. An amount of money you receive, usually weekly, in return for labour or service. A w…...

6. Money paid by devoiced father to his former wife for the upkeep of his children. A……….

7. Tax on imported articles paid to the Customs. D…..

8. Paid at the restaurant after eating. A b…….

9. Extra percentage paid on a loan. I……..

10. Money paid for professional services, e.g. to a doctor. A f…..

11. Money paid by the state, usually to students. A g……...

12. Money paid by a company or the state on your retirement. A p…….

13. Paid as a punishment for breaking the law. A f…….

14. Paid to the government for services that the state provides. T.

15. Paid while travelling, especially on public transport, buses, trains. A f……..

РАЗДЕЛ 3. ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ И КРЕДИТОВАНИЕ.

Тема 1. Банки.

1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is a bank?

2. Have you ever borrowed money from a bank?

3. Do you have your personal savings in a bank?

2. Дайте письменное определение термину a bank. Начните свое определение словами:

A bank is a form of business that ___________.

3. Переведите на русский язык термины, которые вы встретите в тексте данного урока

1. сommodity		8. causes the demise
2. fraught 3. bankruptcy	9. shifting money 10. profit
4. the "stored value" card	11.lending rates 12. to take out
5. interest	13. a cashless society
6. insurance
7. the debit card

4. Переведите следующие словосочетания и предложения:

a) Like any business, a bank is after a profit at an annual six-percent interest. They seek to reduce their lending rates. A bank keeps up to date with the market situation.

b) progress in industry; keeping most of their money in circulation; in their pursuit of high profit; involved in risky operations fraught with bankruptcy.

5. Прочитайте текст «Banking» и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Is there any difference between a bank and any other business?

2. What are banks busy doing?

3. Can population centers in any country do without a bank?

Banking

No population center in America, even the smallest one, is conceivable without a bank building. A small town may have several banks, and in a big city there are tens of them.

Like any business, a bank is after a profit, above all. Money is the commodity it sells. To put it simply, a bank seeks to "buy" money cheaply (not necessarily from the Federal Reserve Bank), at an annual six-percent interest, for example, and to sell it dearly (as, say, credit to a building company) at the annual interest rate of 11 percent. This is what the banks are busy doing. There are many variations within this pattern of course.

Naturally, the banks put their money where it brings them the highest profit. That is why they always keep up to date with the market situation. By shifting money of various "costs" from sphere to sphere, from one geographical region to another, the banks activity stimulate progress in industry, construction and agriculture. Besides this, the bank promote the growth - or causes the demise - of individual population centers or even whole regions.

The banks are interested in keeping most of their money in circulation so that it should bring them profit. They seek to reduce their lending rates in order to attract buyers. In their pursuit of high profit, the banks sometimes get involved in risky operations fraught with bankruptcy. Therefore the Federal government takes measures to minimize the danger of banks going broke. Every bank is obliged to take out insurance against robbery or bankruptcy lest the clients should lose their money in any case.

6. Прочитайте текст еще раз, переведите его со словарем и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Why is a bank compared to any other business?

2. How does a bank buy and sell its commodity?

3. How can a bank promote the growth or cause the demise [dш`maшz] of whole regions?

4. Why do banks reduce their lending rates?

5. Why are banks obliged to take out insurance against robbery or bankruptcy?

7. Прочитайте текст “Future of Banking” без словаря. Попытайтесь определить значение следующих терминов:

1. cashless 4. the electronic check register

2. EDI (electronic data interchange) 5. automated funds transfers

3. electronic banking

FUTURE OF BANKING

All organizational and individual financial activity in the twenty-first century is going to take place in a cashless society.

Leading the charge into the cashless world is electronic data interchange (EDI) Japanese producers began reducing costs years ago by moving funds automatically from their accounts to those of suppliers.

It's time to put this technology to work at the consumer level. Every year, Americans receive billions of bills. The checks they write then pass through many hands. The cost of all this? At least $20 billion!

We're starting to see electronic banking through computer networks like Quickness’ alliances with various banks. But what most people don't realize is that most of these systems still require someone to cut a check or notify a bank using paper.

Innovations in plastic cards are also taking us closer to the cashless society. One is the debit card, which transfers money from the owner's account to that of any establishment. Another is the "stored value" card. Visa, for example, offers the Travel-Money card. You buy it for any amount, and then use it to get cash from 200,000 locations worldwide. When the amount is used up, you toss it.

The electronic check register has the best near-term chance to reduce unnecessary transaction costs.

The account holder plugs the device into any phone, and the register dials the bank's automated system. It gives the bank the account number and transfers any manual checks. The bank updates the register by adding automated funds transfers (designated AFT) like payroll, bills, etc.

By plugging in each day, a customer can keep account balances fresh with no need to reconcile. In addition, transferring funds automatically means customers don't have to mail checks to creditors. They, in turn, have less paper to process. This cuts costs for all.

8. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is understood by a "cashless society"?

2. What is electronic data interchange?

3. What kind of innovations are there in plastic cards?

4. How does the electronic check register work?

5. How can electronic fund transferring cut costs for both the customer and the bank?

Тема 2. Мировой банк.

1. Прочитайте следующие рекламные объявления. Заполните пропуски в каждом из них наиболее подходящими по смыслу предложениями из списка (a – i):

The worldwide access you desire with the control you need.

Open a Citibank Current Account and you'll benefit from a package of financial products and services that will change your expectations of a bank.

¹ ____. We’ll put you more firmly in control of your finances by giving you unparalleled access to your money.

Citibank's state-of-the-art technology removes traditional banking limitations of time and location and gives you free 24-hour telephone access to your money.² ____.

As a result, you'll enjoy the benefits of the world's most global banking group, whether you are in your home, your high street, on holiday or on business.

There are currently 22 million people in over 40 countries around the world who enjoy the Citibank difference.³ ______.

International currency accounts

If you travel often, invest internationally or you are an expatriate, we have personal Current Accounts in US Dollars, Sterling and Euro to help you manage your financial affairs more efficiently.

Whether you want to pay in US Dollars on your regular trips abroad, or you want to avoid hefty transaction charges when you send cheques to the US, or you simply want to save on currency exchange costs, the US Dollar Account is for you. ⁴ ____.

24-hour free telephone banking with CitiPhone Banking

Short of making deposits or cash withdrawals, CitiPhone lets you conduct business conveniently over the phone.⁵ ____. You have a choice of methods, a touch-tone phone will speed you through automated procedures, or CitiPhone Bankers are on hand if you prefer the personal touch.

Total control of your finances, anytime, anywhere … World Wide Wishful-thinking?

With Citibank's Internet Banking, you can access your Citibank Account from almost anywhere you have access to the Internet.⁶ ____. Change a standing order. Download your account details. Transfer funds between your Citibank Accounts. And you'll see your balance change instantly.

At Citibank we're not just content with giving you total control of your finances, worldwide, 365 days a year, plus no fees - with us your finances are productive as well.

a) Call free in the UK or around the world 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

b) Alternatively, use our free Internet Banking or withdraw cash from over 350,000 cashpoints worldwide.

c) Full additional overdraft facilities are available to you based on your personal net worth and individual requirements.

d) You can pay bills.

e) Our service is based on a simple promise.

f) This account gives you the ability to buy, borrow, save and transfer funds in Euro, and still withdraw cash in the local currencies.

g) We have harnessed the latest technology to deliver an easier, and more accessible banking service.

h) We think you'll enjoy it too.

i) You will always have the power of the world's most international currency when you travel on business or pleasure.

2. Составьте словосочетания, объединив глаголы первой колонки с соответствующими существительными второй колонки:

1. open a. interest

2. purchase b. bills

3. earn c. funds

4. make d. an account

5. withdraw e. a deposit

6. pay f. financial data

7. transfer g. cash

8. download h. goods

2. Замените выделенные слова словосочетаниями из задания 2:

1. The Citiсard allows you to ____ take out money from cash points around the world.

2. With Citibank, you can __: __ receive a percentage on your current account balance.

3. Just fill out and return the application form or call a Citibank Representative to ___ set up a banking arrangement.

4. You can ___put money into your account by post at Citibank branches and Citicard Banking Centres.

5. On-line banking services let you ____ move money from one account to another quickly and easily.

6. All you need is a modem or Internet connection to ____ transfer account information onto your personal computer.

7. Just by using the keypad on your phone, Citiрhone Banking lets you ____ settle invoices from wherever you are.

8. The Citibank Euro Account allows you to ___buy products in local currencies without paying any exchange rates.

4. Прочитайте текст Raising Capital to Run a Firm без словаря:

RAISING CAPITAL TO RUN A FIRM

Britain works on what is called a capitalist system. This means that anyone who has an idea for a new way of making a living can raise the capital needed to go ahead with it. Capital is the money that is used to start a business.

A very common way of raising money to start a business is to get a loan from a bank or from one of the other finance houses.

Before they agree to give someone a loan, the people lending the money will expect convincing answers to a lot of questions they will ask about the business. They will want to make sure it has a good chance of making a profit and that the person applying for the loan knows what he or she is doing and will run the business along sound lines.

Larger companies often raise money by selling shares in the business (this is called 'going public') The people who buy the shares become shareholders. By lending their money to the company they have bought a share of the business and get a say in how the company is run at shareholders' meetings.

At the end of the year the firm divides some of the profits among the shareholders. This is called the dividend. The company will keep some of the profits so that it can invest in new equipment, or take on more employees.

If you are a shareholder and you want to get back the money you have put into a company, you must sell your shares at the Stock Exchange. The Stock Exchange is a place where shares are bought and sold.

The price of shares is controlled by the amount people are willing to pay for them.

If the company is making a profit, other people may want to buy shares in it, so you may be able to sell the shares at a higher price than you paid for them. If you bought 100 shares at $100 each and you sold them later at $150 each, you would make J50 profit on the 100 shares, as well as keeping any dividend paid during the period when you owned the shares.

But if business is not going well, other people may not be willing to pay as much as $100 a share. If they think the company may do well in the end, they might pay 80cents a share. If the business is really failing, no one will buy the shares at all and you risk losing all your money.

Collateral analysis. A bank manager, who is determining if a customer should receive a loan, looks at whether or not the customer will be able to repay the loan. The manager reaches this decision after analyzing past financial performance, projected financial perform-his capacity to repay, character, and business conditions. However, no matter how credit-worthy the borrower may appear, there is always a chance that he or she may not be able to repay the loan. For this reason, the bank manager will also look at the collateral position of the borrower.

Collateral analysis shows the lender how much of the outstanding debt owed to them could be retrieved if the borrower were to declare bankruptcy sometime in the future. (Bankruptcy occurs when the borrower is unable to meet payment obligations as they fall due.) To determine the retrieval value, the lender looks at the assets that appear on the borrower's Balance Sheet and tries to assess their current value today.

5. Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях соответствующей информацией из текста 5.2:

1) Britain works on what is called ____.

2) A very common way of raising money to start a business is ____or from one of the other finance houses.

3) Larger companies often raise money ____ (this is called 'going public')

4) The people who buy the shares become____.

5) By lending their money to the company they have bought a share of the business and get a say in how the company is run at____.

6) But if business is not going well, other people may not be willing ____a share.

6. Прочитайте информацию и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

A few people invest large sums of money in company shares and make so much profit from them that they never need to do a normal job at all.

1. What would these people have to be good at, to make sure that they didn't put their money in firms that were failing?

2. Is it true to say that if people put their own money into a firm, they are helping to create a job for someone else?

3. Is it fair that some people should not have to work to earn money? Are these people living on other people's efforts?

4. Should a public company be run in the interests of its customers, its workers or its shareholders? Or could these be combined?

Тема 3. Экономика

2. Прочитайте и постарайтесь запомнить слова.

1. to make decisions	принимать решение
2. economic resources	экономические ресурсы
3. efficient use	эффективное использование
4. employee	служащий, работающий по найму
5. consumer	потребитель
6. trade	торговля
7. price	цена
8. payment	уплата, платеж, плата
9. claim	требование, иск, претензия
10. agreement	соглашение
11. business talks	деловые переговоры
12. business communication	деловая связь
13. agenda	повестка (дня, встречи ...)
14. company	компания
15. message	сообщение, послание
16. talks = negotiations	переговоры
17. to sign documents	подписывать документы
18. contract of sale	контракт о продаже

2. Переведите следующие группы слов, обращая внимание на словообразовательные суффиксы:

economy - economics - economic - economists - economical -economically;

to define - definition - definite;

to decide - decisive - decision;

to govern - government;

to solve - solving - solution;

to consume - consumer.

3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на

бессоюзную подчинительную связь:

1. The English language students study is too important for a future business-

man.

2. The State University you study at is one of the greatest higher educational

establishments in our town.

3. They work at the problem you know perfectly well.

4. Прочитайте текст.

Why study economics?

By now you may be asking yourself: "Why should I study economics?"

As a member of the society in which you live, there is no escaping economics. The food you eat, the home you live in, the clothes you wear, and the way you spend your leisure time are all affected, in part, by economic forces. The study of economics will help you to understand these forces better and enable you live a fuller life.

Economic forces also affect decisions in the world of business. In fact, one common definition of economics is the study of how people make a living. The more you know about the subject, the better career decisions you will be able to make.

The economists are developing methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available economic resources. Large enterprises use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, and other resources.

The government also employs economists to study economic problems and to suggest ways to solve them.

Economists have two ways of looking at economists and the economy. One is the macro approach, and other is the micro. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. Microeconomics is the study of individual consumers and the business firms.

5. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:

telephone conversation, business matters, personal business talks, meeting agenda, payment terms, trade delegation.

6. Найдите в тексте 2 английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний. Выпишите их.

Достигнутое компромиссное соглашение, взаимовыгодный результат, в самом начале, обеспечить юридическое доказательство (основание), перерыв в переговорах.

7. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на мо-

дальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. Economic forces are able to affect decisions in business world.

2. Britain's Central bank has to act as banks to the Government and commercial banks.

3. To make a letter easier to read a person who writes the letter should divide it into paragraphs.

4. You must always stand when people are being introduced.

5. If you want to address somebody whose name you, don't remember, you may say. "Could you kindly repeat your name, please?"

Тема 4. Экономика Великобритании.

1. Прочитайте и постарайтесь запомнить слова.

1. service	услуга
2. goods = commodities	товары
3. demand	спрос, потребность
4. to earn	зарабатывать
5. to earn a living	зарабатывать на жизнь
6. to supply	снабжать, поставлять
7. trend	тенденция, направление
8. restriction	ограничение
9. consumption	потребление
10. competition	конкуренция
11. circumstances	обстоятельства
12. ownership	собственность, владение
13. market - рынок	рынок
14. legal	законный, правовой, юридический
15. to subject	подвергать(воздействию. влиянию)
16. to fluctuate	колебаться, изменяться
17. to maintain	обслуживать
18. to be concerned with	быть связанным с ...
19. satisfaction	удовлетворение
20. to satisfy the needs	удовлетворять потребности

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

economic system, economic activity, essential commodities, agricultural goods, manufactured goods, personal satisfaction, to earn money, to earn a living,

to provide satisfaction, to satisfy the needs, to maintain a car.

 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на

подчеркнутые конструкции.

    1. Metals as well as minerals are of great importance in industry.

    2. Аnу production control system includes both input and output information.

    3. In some markets there may be either only one seller or a very limited number of sellers.

4. Переведите предложения с придаточными условными предложениями.

     1. If the machines produced by the firm met our requirements we should place

our order in it.

     2. The plant could have increased the labour productivity, if it had introduced

this invention.

     3. Had the information been received in time, we should have used it in our

calculations.

     4. Were she a specialist in this field, we should send her to this conference.

     5. If this project were completed in time, it would bring great economic benefits.

   5. Прочтите текст, поймите его содержание.

Economic Activity

    Most people work to earn a living and produce goods and. services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like сars and paper). Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage man may buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car.

    The work people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what they need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non essential but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.

    The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part.

    They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. The economist's methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific.

    We need food, clothes and shelter. We probably would not go to work if we could satisfy these basic needs without working. But even when we have satisfied

such basic needs, we may still want other things. Our lives might be more enjoy-

able if we had such things as radios, books and toys for children. Human being is

certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants. The science of econom-

ics is concerned with all our material needs: it is concerned with the desire to

have a radio as well as the basic necessity of having enough food to eat.

 6. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

   1. What is economic activity?

   2. What for do people work?

   3. What is the science of economics based upon?

   4. What do economists study?

   5. What is the science of economics concerned with?

  7. Образуйте наречия из следующих прилагательных. Переведите

как исходные, так и производные слова:

   broad - ... , main - ... , total - ... , most - ... , recent - ... ,

   large - ... , free - ...

  8. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

   international trade, manufacturing countries, manufactured goods, leading

supplier, to maintain restrictions, similar trends total consumption.

 9. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на

независимый причастный оборот:

    1. The board of directors is elected by the stockholders, the officers being ap-

pointed by the board.

    2. Control of corporation is centralized in a board of directors, each share of

stock having one vote.

    3. The goods being improperly packed and marked, the carrier will refuse to

accept them.

  10. Прочтите текст, поймите его содержание.

Trade

    International trade has always been important to Britain, its importance having increased markedly in recent years. Exports of goods and services now account for nearly a third of gross domestic product, compared with almost a fifth some 30 years ago; imports have shown a broadly similar trend as proportions of home demand.

    The fifth largest trading nation in the world, Britain provides just over 9 per cent of the main manufacturing countries' exports of manufactured goods. The country is a major supplier of aerospace products, motor vehicles, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and most types of machinery, and is a growing oil exporter. It relies upon imports for about two-fifth of total consumption of food-stuffs and for most of the raw materials required by industry.

    Manufactured goods account for about three-quarters of exports of goods, a feature is the shift towards finished, rather than semi-finished, goods. The most

important group is machinery and transport equipment.

    An increasing proportion on trade has been with other European Community

member countries. They account for six of the top ten export markets, taking 43

per cent of British exports in 1980, and for six of the ten leading suppliers of goods to Britain. Britain's largest single export market was the Federal Republic of Germany, the largest single supplier of imports being the United States.

    Long an advocate of the removal of artificial trading barriers, Britain maintains few restrictions on its international trade. Most goods may be imported freely and only a narrow range of goods is subject to export control.

11. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:

   1. What place in international trade does Great Britain hold?

   2. How much of gross domestic product does export of goods and services ac-

count for?

   3. What does Great Britain export?

   4. What does Great Britain import?

   5. What restrictions does Britain maintain on its international trade?

Тема 5. Основы бухгалтерского учета.

1. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What do you think of the term accounting?

2. What actions does an accountant take to provide financial information about a business?

3. Is there a difference between the terms accountant and bookkeeper?

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

a) language of business, financial information, a company's accounting system, an effective accounting system, the financial status of an organization, financial performance of a company

b)interested parties informed financial decisions, accurate collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and reporting of information In order to achieve a standardized system amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information interested in the financial and business activity of the enterprise.

3. Переведите термины, которые вы встретите в текстах данного урока, с помощью экономического словаря:

4. Прочтите текст и догадайтесь о значении следующих слов:

at one point in time, at one point in time, on a salary basis, public accountants, private accountants, governmental accountants, commonly accepted accounting systems, organizational decision-making.

Обратите внимание:

a) на синонимичные значения некоторых слов и словосочетаний:

a firm = an organization = a business = a unit; incoming money = revenues;

the financial status of an organization = a financial position of a business

outgoing money = expenditures; financial information = financial data;

a trade = a profession = an occupation; ownership = proprietor capital;

rules and regulations = standards = norms

b) на антонимичные ряды слов:

revenues ¹ expenditures, incoming money¹ outgoing money,

assets ¹ liabilities; hire¹fire.

ACCOUNTING

Accounting is frequently called the "language of business” because of its ability to communicate financial information about an organization. Various interested parties, such as managers, potential investors, creditors, and the government, depend on a company's accounting system to help them make informed financial decisions. An effective accounting system, therefore, must include accurate collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and reporting of information on the financial status of an organization.

In order to achieve a standardized system, the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules. Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information are used. Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefully monitored, and transactions are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of an organization.

Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement. The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at one point of time, while the income statement shows the financial performance of a company over a period of lime. Financial statements allow interested parties to compare one organization to another and/or to compare accounting periods within one organization. For example, an investor may compare the most recent income statements of two corporations in order to find out which one would be a better investment.

People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountants. In the United States, accountants are usually classified as public, private, or governmental. Public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals. Public accountants may earn the title of CPA (Certified Public Accountant) by fulfilling rigorous requirements. Private accountants work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records, and governmental accountants work for governmental agencies or bureaus. Both private and governmental accountants are paid on a salary basis, whereas public accountants receive fees for their services.

Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems, private, public, and governmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organizational decision-making.

The business transactions are first recorded in the journal. The journal is the book of original entry. The bookkeeper transfers figures from the journal to the ledger. The bookkeeper posts the journal figures in the book containing all the accounts. The sales transactions are posted in the sales account. Cash received is posted in the cash account. Accounts are records of similar types of accounts. Bookkeeping involves recording sales and expenditures in the journal and posting them to the ledger. Bookkeepers record the financials transactions.

Accounting is more sophisticated than bookkeeping. Accountants design bookkeeping and accounting systems. Accountants construct and interpret financial statements.

5. Дайте ответ на вопрос, соответствующий суждению текста “Accounting”:

1. What steps does an accountant take to provide accurate financial information about a company?

a) incoming and outgoing money is carefully monitored.

b) Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems accountants provide accurate financial information.

c) An accountant’s actions must include accurate collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting and reporting financial information about a company.

d) Transactions are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of an organization.

2. How is a standardized accounting system achieved?

a) By means of the balance sheet and the income statement.

b) Through effective application of different accounting systems.

c) Common procedures are used in handling financial information.

d) All companies use identical accounting systems.

3. What do the balance sheet and the income statement have in common?

a) The balance sheet and the income statement show the same financial data.

b) The balance sheet and the income statement show the financial position of a business at one point of time.

c) The balance sheet and the income statement are two common financial statements that provide accurate financial information for interested parties.

d) Both the balance sheet and the income statement reflect the major financial activities of a business over a period of time.

4. What kinds of services do accountants provide?

a) Accountants work solely for private companies and corporations.

b) Accountants provide accounting services to companies, governmental agencies, bureaus, and individuals.

c) Accountants provide such services as auditing, and tax computations.

d) Accountants work solely as governmental accountants.

5. What are revenues and expenditures?

a) Accountant’s salary

b) Financial statements

c) Accounting standards

d) Incoming and outgoing money

6. Закончите предложения, используя слова и словосочетания, соответствующие содержанию текста:

1. Accounting is often called “language of business because of its ability_________ financial data about an organization.

a) to achieve c) to compare

b) to show d) to communicate

2. An effective ___________must include accurate collecting, recording, classifying summarizing, and reporting financial information.

a) financial statements c) common procedures

b) standardized system, d) accounting system

3. Accounting information is used by ___________________ to help them make financial decisions.

a)managers c) creditors

b) potential investors d) all of the above

4. Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, _____________.

a) balance sheets are more important than income statements

b) no standardized accounting systems are employed

c) every organization uses identical accounting systems

d) common procedures are used in handling financial data.

5. Business monetary transactions are summarized in ___________.

a) bank books c) computer software

b) financial statements d) tax computations

7. Прочитайте и переведите заголовок текста “Accounting as a Profession”.

8. Прочитайте часть (1) текста. Укажите информацию, которая соотносится с заголовком текста.

9. Прочитайте часть (2) текста. Выделите ее основную информацию.

10. Прочитайте часть (3) текста. Определите смысловую связь этой части с частью (2) текста.

Accounting as a Profession

(1) The transition of accounting from a trade into a profession began in Scotland and England in the late 19th century with the establishing of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales in 1880. This was followed in the U.S. by the establishment of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in 1887.

The professionalizing of accounting was facilitated by several factors including:

a) the development of a common body of knowledge;

b) a system of "due process" for the development of rules and regulations (standards);

c) the incorporation of the common body of accounting knowledge into a university curriculum;

d) the development of a qualifying examination and experience requirements necessary for entrance into the profession;

(2) Proprietary theory. In the late nineteenth century most economic activity was being performed by small business with no separation of management and ownership. During this period accounting operated under the Proprietary Theory, which can be expressed by:

e) Assets - Liabilities = Proprietor Capital

This theory recognized that the owners had direct ownership of the entity's assets and were directly liable for the liabilities.

In most cases, banks in support of loan applications primarily required external financial information. This led to the following developments:

a) the need for independent verification of the financial information;

b) an emphasis on financial position as the security for the loan, with particular focus on liquidity;

c) the development of the Cost_Pnncjple which required assets, in most cases, to be recorded at acquisition price, due to the relative ease of verification.

Generally, the Cost Principle did not allow for the re-valuation of the asset after acquisition due to the subjectivity inherent in that process.

The need for independent verification of financial information was .the major impetus for the development of firms of independent public accountants to perform this and other functions (tax and management advisory services)

(3) Russian Accounting Since 1985. The beginning of Russia's conversion to a market economy in 1985 was hindered by the lack of accounting systems and standards relevant for that purpose. Gradually there has been an evolution toward IAS.

A major development in Russian accounting occurred with the approval of the Regulation on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation by decree of the government in1992.

This document, which is used in conjunction with the Chart of Accounts approved by the Ministry of Finance in 1991, established the following objectives of accounting:

a) maintenance of control over the availability, movement, and use of material, manpower, and monetary resources according to approved norms;

b) timely prevention of negative events in business activity, and the mobilization of interim reserves;

c) provision of full and reliable information about the performance and financial results of an enterprise, which is indispensable for operational management as well as for investors, suppliers, customers and creditors, tax, financial and bank authorities, and others interested in the financial and business activity of the enterprise.

Тема 6. Финансовые отчеты.

1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is a balance sheet?

2. How many financial statements do you know?

2. Переведите слова и словосочетания, которые вы встретите в текстах данного урока:

accounts receivable

accounting equation

assets - liabilities

long-term liabilities

accounting transactions

owners’ equity

inventories

the owners’ share

THE BALANCE SHEET

Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process. They provide information on the financial condition of a company. The balance sheet, one type of financial statement, provides a summary of what a company owns and what it owes on one particular day.

Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as properly, equipment, and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liabilities are the debts that a company owes—for example, to suppliers and banks. If liabilities are subtracted from assets (assets - liabilities), the amount remaining is the owners' share of a business. This is known as owners' or stockholders' equity.

One key to understanding the accounting transactions of a business is to understand the relationship of its assets, liabilities, on owners’ equity. This is often represented by the fundamental accounting: assets equal liabilities plus owners' equity.

ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY

These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equation always remains in balance; in other words, one side must equal the other.

The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity of a company at a specific time (for example, on December 31, 1993) It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liabilities and owners’ equity. Assets are divided into current and fixed assets. Cash, accounts receivable, and inventories are all current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance, sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes)

The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision-making. Externally, it gives potential investors data for evaluating the company's financial position.

3. Выберите термин, соответствующий следующим определениям:

1. Everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment, and accounts receivable is called _______.

a) property c) accounting equation

b) receivable d) assets

2. _______ are the debts that a company owes.

a) accounts c) assets

b)liabilities d) equipment

3. Money which should be paid to a company during the present business cycle is _______.

a) statement c) transaction

b) record d) receivable

4. _______ is a financial report which usually shows totals and balances.

a) take over c) current asset

b) record d) statement

5. The difference between the value of the asset and the value of the liabilities of a company is _______.

a) a financial document c}.net worth, owner’s equity

b) a record of financial transactions d) payable

4. Выберите правильный ответ на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the final product of the accounting process?

a) current assets c) financial statements

b) long term liabilities d) accounts payable

2. What does the balance sheet provide?

a) series of transactions

b) particular results of the company business activity

c) a summary of what a business owns and what it owes on a particular date

d) a financial picture of a company over a period of time

3. What is the difference between assets and liabilities?

a) Assets are money and everything of value to a company, and liabilities are the company’s debts.

b) Money which was spent.

c) The increase in size of a business activity.

d) The gross income minus the expenses.

4. How does a company determine its net worth?

a). It is the difference between the value of a company’s assets and the value of its liabilities.

b). Net worth (owner’s equity) is equal to liabilities plus current accounts.

c). It is a business activity, which involves the transfer of money.

d). It is the gross income minus the expenses.

5. How would you as a manager find a balance sheet useful?

a). It can show current and long-term liabilities.

b). Both assets and liabilities would show accounts payable.

c). The balance sheet would show long term notes payable.

d). The balance sheet would provide me with financial information for organizational decision making.

5.Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из данных ниже заголовков больше всего соответствует его содержанию:

Finance The Balance Sheet

Companies and their Capital Assets and Liabilities

One of the primary considerations when going into business is money. Without sufficient funds a company cannot begin its operation. A new business needs capital not only for ongoing expenses but also for purchasing necessary assets. These assets - inventories, equipment, buildings, and property — represent an investment of capital in the new business.

How this new company obtains and uses money will, in large measure, determine its success. The process of managing this acquired capital is known as financial management. In general, finance is securing and utilizing capital to start up, operate, and expand a company.

To start up or begin business, a company needs funds to purchase essential assets, support research and development, and buy materials for production. Capital is also needed for salaries, credit extension to customers, advertising, insurance, and many other day-to-day operations. In addition, financing is essential for growth and expansion of a company. Because of competition in the market, capital needs to be invested in developing new product lines and production techniques and in acquiring assets for future expansion.

In financing business operations and expansion, a business uses both short-term and long-term capital. A company, much like an individual, utilizes short-term capital to pay for items that last a relatively short period of time An individual uses credit cards or charge accounts for items such as clothing or food, while a company seeks short-term financing for salaries and office expenses. On the other hand, an individual uses long-term capital such as a bank loan to pay for a home or car — goods that will last a long time. Similarly, a company seeks long-term financing to pay for new assets that are expected to last many years.

When a company obtains capital from external sources, the financing can be either on a short-term or a long-term arrangement. Generally, short-term financing must be repaid in less than one year, while long-term financing can be repaid over a longer period of time.

Finance involves the securing of funds for all phases of business operations. In obtaining and using this capital, the decisions made by managers affect the overall financial success of a company.

Corporate form of enterprise. Although proprietors performed most enterprise prior to the twentieth century, the corporate form of business began to be utilized by larger companies, characterized by limited liability for shareholders, transferability of shares, and absentee ownership. The following significant effects on accounting accompanied this development:

a) Joint Stock Companies Act of 1844 was enacted in England, which required a "full and fair" balance sheet to stockholders.

b) German Companies Act of 1884 required companies to declare their profits and present balance sheets with assets valued at cost or the lower of cost or market.

c) In England the Companies Act of 1900 required creasing amounts of "disclosure" in the financial statements.

d) The growth of "holding companies" (corporations owning shares in other corporations) in the U.S. in the 1890s, leading to the development of consolidated financial statements by U.S. Steel in 1901 which quickly spread to other holding companies.

e) Requirement of the New York Stock Exchange in 1900 that all corporations listed on the exchange publish balance sheets and income statements with appropriate disclosure.

The industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to the advent of large corporations during the early twentieth century. These corporations were characterized by divisions and subsidiaries located in many different locales. This required accounting firms to have offices in several cities to adequately serve their clients, which was the major cause of the development of national and international accounting firms.

The industrial revolution also led to major advances in managerial and cost accounting. Manufacturers required more sophisticated methods for costing their inventory and accounting for their considerable investment in machinery, equipment and factories. This led to the following:

a) the distinction between product cost (material, labor and overhead used in the production process which were included as assets until the product was sold) and period costs (non-manufacturing operating costs which were charged against income in the period incurred);

b) the recording of depreciation on operating assets such as machinery, equipment and factory buildings as a charge against income.

Capital Markets. The necessity of large amounts of capital resulted in the development of capital markets where debt and equity securities could be readily purchased and sold. This resulted in the following:

a) Increased importance of published financial statements which were used to assist in making investment decisions

b) The shift in emphasis from the balance sheet to the income statement which was considered to be, more useful in determining return on investment

c) Increased emphasis on uniformity of accounting policies to allow for the comparability of an entity's performance over time and the comparison of an entity with different entities

The role of the banking sector. The need for uniform accounting standards was emphasized by the U.S. banking sector leading to the publication in the Federal Reserve Bulletin in 1917 of "Uniform Accounting, and in 1918 of "Approved Methods for the Preparation of Balance-Sheet Statements." These publications and their successors emphasized the following:

a) increased emphasis on the cost basis of valuation and the "going concern" concept;

b) greater consistency in application of procedures;

c) recognition that the income statement was at least as important as the balance sheet;

d) the separation of non-operating and extraordinary items from operating income;

РАЗДЕЛ 4. ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ КОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ.

Тема 1. Монополия.

 1. С помощью данных префиксов образуйте слова, противоположные по значению. Переведите как исходные, так и производные слова:

   un- : important - ...                il- : logical - ...

         desirable - ...                     legal - ...

         limited - ...                       dis- : advantage - ...

         natural - ...                        arrangement - ...

         certain - ...                         order - ...

   im-: possible - ...                     non-: productive - ...

         personal - ...                        essential- ...

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

market competition, to be available, to be restricted, state planning, state government, national authorities, geological circumstances, natural resources.

 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление страдательного залога.

   1. The country's economy is based on the oil industry.

   2. In 1991 23 % of the world's energy was consumed by Asian countries.

   3. Emergency measures were referred to.

   4. Borrowers all round the world will be affected by these new rules.

   5. The information given in this report may be relied upon.

   4. Прочтите текст и поймите его содержание.

A monopoly

    Although in a perfect market competition is restricted, and sellers are numerous, free competition and large numbers of sellers are not always available in the real world. In some markets there may only be one seller or a very limited number of sellers. Such a situation is called a "monopoly", and may arise from a variety of different causes. It is possible to distinguish in practice four kinds of monopoly.

    State planning and central control of the economy often mean that a state government has the monopoly of important goods and services. Some countries have state monopolies in basic commodities like steel and transport, while other countries have monopolies in such comparatively unimportant commodities as matches. Most national authorities monopolize the postal services within their borders.

    A different kind of monopoly arises when a country, through geographical and geological circumstances, has control over major natural resources or important services, as for example with Canadian nickel and the Egyptian ownership of the Suez Canal. Such monopolies can be called natural monopolies.

    They are very different from legal monopolies where the law of a country permits certain producers, authors and inventors a full monopoly over the sale of their own products.

    These three types of monopoly are distinct from the sale trading opportunities which take place because certain companies have obtained complete control over particular commodities. This action is often called "cornering the market" and is illegal in many countries. In the USA anti-trust operate to restrict such activities, while in Britain the Monopolies Commison examines all special arrangements and mergers which might lead to undesirable monopolies.

   to corner the market - овладеть рынком, скупая товары

5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста.

    1. What is a monopoly?

    2. What are the first 3 kinds of monopoly?

    3. What examples of important state monopolies are given in the text?

    4. What word in the last paragraph shows that the fourth type of monopoly is

quite distinct from the other three?

    5. What happens when certain companies obtain complete control over particular commodities?

6. Прочитайте текст.

WHAT IS OLIGOPOLY

An oligopoly exists when a few sellers of a commodity or service deal with a large number of buyers. When a few sellers face a few buyers, that situation is known as bilateral oligopoly. In the case of oligopoly a small number of companies supply the major portion of an industry's output. In effect the industry is composed of a few large firms which account for a significant share of the total production. Thus, the actions of the individual firms have an appreciable effect on their competitors.

However, it does not follow as a consequence of the presence of relatively few firms in an industry that competition is absent. Although there are few firms in an industry, they may still act independently, and the outcome of their actions is consistent with competition.

With few firms in an industry, each takes into account the likely repercussions of its actions. For example, each seller knows that if he or she lowers prices, the few

competitors will immediately follow suit and lower their prices, leaving the seller with roughly the same share of the total market but lower profits. However, the seller may be reluctant to raise prices because competitors might not follow this lead.

One feature of markets with few sellers is that prices are often stable, except during periods of very rapid inflation. Also, prices of oligopolistic industries generally fluctuate less widely than in more competitive industries.

to exist — существовать appreciable — значительный

to deal with — иметь дело с consistent — последовательный

чем-либо (кем-либо)

bilateral — двусторонний rpercussions — последствия

portion — часть, доля, пор- roughly the same – практически

ция такой же

to be composed of — состо- reluctant — неохотный

ять из stable — стабильный

  7. Переведите на русский язык следующие пары слов, обращая внимание на суффиксы существительных:

 to buy - buyer, to sell - seller, to consume - consumer,

to fluctuate - fluctuation, to compete - competition,

to communicate - communication, to locate - location.

8.  Подберите к словам списка А их синонимы из списка В и переведите их:

      А                           В

   commodity                show

   ancient                       place

   permit                        earlier

   indicate                      definite

   former                        modern

   location                      old

   fixed                          goods

   current                       allow

 9.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на

формы и функции инфинитива.

    1. All partners were invited to Moscow to discuss prospects of their work.

    2. The project to be completed in Russia will be discussed at one of the semi-

nars.

    3. To raise the labour productivity we must apply new methods of work.

    4. Some specific duties to be performed by the board of directors are to de-

clare dividends, to decide on salaries, to arrange major loans with banks.

    5. The stockholders usually meet once a year to elect directors and to carry on

other important business.

 10. Прочтите текст, поймите его содержание.

Markets and Monopolies

     The term "market" as used by economists, is an extention of the ancient idea

of a market as a place where people gather to buy and sell goods. In former days

part of a town was kept as the market or marketplace, and people would travel

many kilometres on special market-days in order to buy and sell various com-

modities. Today however, markets, such as the world sugar market, the gold mar-

ket and the cotton market do not need to have any fixed geographical location.

Such a market is simple a set of conditions permitting buyers and sellers to work

together.

     In a free market, competition takes place among sellers of the same commod-

ity, and among those who wish to buy that commodity. Such competition influ-

ences the prices prevailing in the market. Prices inevitably fluctuate, and such

fluctuations are also affected by current supply and demand.

     Whenever people who are willing to sell a commodity contact people who are

willing to buy it, a market for that commodity is created. Buyers and sellers may

meet in person or they may communicate in some other way: by letter, by tele-phone or through their agents. In a perfect market there can be only one price for

any given commodity: the lowest price which sellers will accept and the highest

which consumers will pay. There are, however, no really perfect markets, and

each commodity market is subject to special conditions. It can be said however

that the price ruling in a market indicates the point where supply and demand

meet.

11. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:

   1. What was a market originally?

   2. What is a modern market?

   3. What three things cause prices to fluctuate?

   4. When is a market created?

   5. What does the ruling price indicate?

Тема 2. Коммерческая корреспонденция.

1. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:

telephone conversation, business matters, personal business talks, meeting agenda, payment terms, trade delegation.

2. Найдите в тексте 2 английские эквиваленты для следующих слов

и словосочетаний. Выпишите их.

Достигнутое компромиссное соглашение, взаимовыгодный результат, в

самом начале, обеспечить юридическое доказательство (основание), пере-

рыв в переговорах.

3. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на мо-

дальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. Economic forces are able to affect decisions in business world.

2. Britain's Central bank has to act as banks to the Government and commercial banks.

3. To make a letter easier to read a person who writes the letter should divide it into paragraphs.

4. You must always stand when people are being introduced.

5. If you want to address somebody whose name you, don't remember, you

may say. "Could you kindly repeat your name, please?"

4. Прочтите текст и озаглавьте каждый из его абзацев.

Telephone, personal contacts

People engaged, in trade with foreign countries have to use various means of

communication: telephone conversations, personal contacts (meetings, business

talks), letters, telexes, telegrams (cables), telecopies (facsimiles).

Telephone is the quickest way to communicate and is most frequently used

under pressure of time, also within the country, say, between the Trade Delega-

tion and various companies (trading, shipping and others). Important telephone

conversations, e.g. concerning prices, terms of payment or claims, are to be con-

firmed by letter with the appropriate signatures to provide legal evidence of the

deal (agreement achieved).

Personal contacts (meetings, business talks) are conducted with a view to

reaching a compromise agreement. Both parties together move towards an out-

come which is to mutual benefit. Introducing people note about etiguette. Re-

member:

1. Men are introduced to women.

2. Young people to older ones.

3. Old friends to newcomers.

4. A young girl to a married woman.

It's no use immediately discussing business matters. The topic at the outset of

business talks should be neutral, non business. The two parties adjust their think-

ing and behavior to one another. At the very beginning of the talks get agreement

covering the purpose, plan, agenda of a meeting. If talks are difficult and you are

in a deadlock take time-out.

5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста:

a. What are the purposes of telephone conversations?

b. What are personal contacts conducted with?

c. Some words about introduction etiquette.

d. What is the topic at the outset of business talks?

e. Is it necessary to discuss the purpose, plan and agenda of a meeting?

6. Переведите следующие пары слов, обращая внимание на суффиксы и префиксы:

effective - uneffective; use - useless; official - unofficial;

wire - wireless; necessary - unnecessary; economically -uneconomically.

7. Удостоверьтесь по словарю, что вы правильно произносите следующие слова и знаете их значение.

competent, company, officials, references, applicable, layout.

8. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая

внимание на формы и функции причастий.

1. Writing a business letter you confirm most telephoned, and telegraphed

messages.

2. Certain accepted, standart phrases are used when writing a business letter.

3. In English business letters the date (day, month and year) is typed on the

right-hand, side.

4. The telegrams sent are to be delivered in some hours.

5. Being the fastest means of business communication a couple of decades

ago, telegraphic messages were widely used for buying and selling in exchanges.

6. Having received the urgent message by a telegram our business partner

could send us a reply quickly.

9. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.

Business Letters and Telegrams

Proper business letter writing is very important for normal commercial activity. So every good businessman should be competent in writing effective business letters in English.

Whether you write a special letter or make use of a standard letter, you should

know the main parts of any business letter and its layout. Business letters are usu-

ally written on printed company-forms (letter papers). The letterhead (the head-

ing) gives the name of the company, the postal and telegraphic addresses, the

telephone numbers), the number of the telex/-es) and when telefacses appeared,

their number, too; sometimes some other information such as: the names of im-

portant officials (e.g. directors), the particular official, to whom the company may

wish to have all communications addressed, spaces for letter indexes (references)

and the date.

Telegrams (cables) are messages transmitted by telegraph. They are sent by

means of wire and cables (cablegrams). Nowdays in Britain, and in most other

English-speaking countries, however, the word "cable" is used for any telegrams

which are sent out of the country. It is even applicable to wireless communication

(to radiograms). Telegrams are usually typed out in capital letters without any

punctuation, the word "stop" may be used if necessary to make the meaning clear.

Since telegrams are charged according to the number of words they must be eco-

nomically worded, i.e. kept short.

II. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых говорится об основных час-

тях делового письма.

10. Составьте план к тексту.

IV. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

a. What are business letters needed for?

b. What messages do we call telegrams and cables?

c. What is typical for telegram language?

11. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

to pass an urgent information; to be linked with smth.; in addition to smth.;

to be connected with; to sign documents.

12. Из данных слов подберите пары слов с противоположными значениями:

to link, often, addition, short, low, similar, subtraction, different,

to separate, different, long, various, the same, high, rare.

13. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий:

1. Most of the advantages of automatic transmission are obvious.

2. It is much quicker to send a message by telex.

3. It is less time consuming to transmit diagrams from one place to another by

telefaxes,

4. These terms and. conditions are more acceptable to us.

5. The sellers must eliminate the defects in. the shortest possible time.

14. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.

Telexes and Telecopies

Telexes are telegrams sent with the help of teleprinters (teletypes). Telexes are

mostly used for information which it is urgent for you to have or to pass. How

wide is the Telex network nowadays can bе seen just from one example: only one

Japanese company "Mitsubishi Serdzi" has got 125 teleprinters all over the world

and 60 teleprinters in Japan itself. They are all linked with the Central Computer

Exchange of the company in Tokyo by communication lines of 450000 km long

which is 11 times longer than the circumference of the Earth. In addition to stan-

dart telex equipment, there is special equipment for the transmission of messages

automatically at high speed. This equipment may be fitted to the teleprinter and

transmit messages on perforated tape at a continuous speed of 400 characters (or

66 words) a minute. The telex system provides a 24-hour service.

Telexes should be short, exact and clear. They are often written without the

Opening Salutation, or the Complimentary Closing and without paragraphs. Very

often conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns and punctuation marks, may be omit-

ted. To mark the end of the sentence the word "stop" may be used. As a rule no

capital letters are used in telex messages.

15. Озаглавьте каждый из абзацев текста.

16. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

a. What are telexes mostly used for?

b. What are the working characteristics of special equipment for the transmis-

sion of messages automatically?

c. What is the difference between any telex and telefax?

Тема 3. Письмо-запрос (Letter of enquiry)

Kenneth Beare

2520 Visita Avenue

Olympia, WA 98501

Jackson Brothers

3487 23rd Street

New York, NY 12009

September 12, 2000

Dear Sirs,

With reference to your advertisement in yesterday's «New York Times», could you please send me a copy of your latest catalogue. I would also like to know if it is possible to make purchases online.

Yours faithfully,

(Signature)

1. Переведите на русский язык и выучите следующие слова и выражения:

to place an order, supply of goods, quotation, discounts, delivery terms, deadline, insurance.

2. Замените данные в скобках слова и словосочетания на русском языке их английскими эквивалентами и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Could you give us (расценки) for fixing the roof?

2. Do you provide any (скидки)?

3. The financially troubled company didn‘t meet yesterday‘s (последний срок) for filing its annual report.

4. Customers require information comprising such details as (условия поставки), weight, method of transport, and country of origin.

5. We are ready to place (заказ).

6. Our company is seeking some information about (поставка товаров).

7. Have you got an (страховка) against loss of damage?

8. You can nearly always get books there at (скидка).

9. We would like you to advise us of discounts and (условия поставки).

10. (Последний срок) for submitting papers for the conference is September

3. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст:

A letter of enquiry is a formal letter that makes an approach to an individual or organization either speculatively or in response to printed public domain material whereby you are requesting some information. It is a general term used for a number of different kinds of business letters addressed to a company. An enquiry is sent when a businessman wants some information. The letter is drafted to get some more information which is not available on website, brochures, literature of the product. The letter is written by a customer to the company seeking some information about a new product or service, especially about supply of goods, leaflets or catalogues, quotation or prices, samples, terms and discounts, availability of goods, delivery terms and deadlines, method of transportation, insurance.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the purpose of writing a letter of enquiry?

2. What kind of information is required?

4. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на слова и словосочетания, которые встречаются в тексте.

1. We are pleased to place an order with you for the holographic projector advertised in the last edition of your brochure.

2. A taxable supply of goods means the normal transfer of ownership of goods by one person to another.

3. Some businesses, such as mechanics, painters and decorators, have to provide tailored prices for the specific products or services a customer wants to buy. This is usually done with estimates or quotations.

4. Discounts are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.

5. In international commerce, terms of delivery is an agreement between the seller and the buyer as to who is responsible for the cost and risk of delivering the goods.

6. Deadlines set for deliveries can only be observed if all provisions, documents, permits and releases to be supplied by the Customer are received in due time and if the agreed payment terms, including advance payments and all other obligations required for the delivery are fulfilled.

7. In law and economics, insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss.

5. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний из левой колонки.

1. to require for something • инструкция по эксплуатации

2. catalogue • назначать конкурентоспособную цену

3. quotation • подобной конструкции

4. to be delivered complete • оборудование

5. fittings and tools • каталог

6. manual • производитель

7. service and maintenance • размещать заказ

8. manufacturer • закупаться

9. similar design • доставляться в собранном виде

10. equipment • быть высоко оцененным

11. to be purchased • фитинги и инструменты

12. to place an order • требоваться для чего-л.

13. to quote a competitive price • техобслуживание и текущий ремонт

14. to be appreciated • расценка

6. Переведите письменно следующее письмо – запрос.

Dear Sirs,

We require for the expansion of our plant a Portable Air Compressor, model K.CE-6M, as shown on page 25 of your catalogue and would ask you to send us your quotation. The machine must be delivered complete with all essential fittings and tools together with the manual in English for service and maintenance.

We have already received quotations from three manufacturers who are offering us compressors of a similar design, for delivery in 5 – 6 months. As, however, most of the equipment for our plan was purchased in Russia, we should prefer to obtain this additional machine from your company. We should be prepared, therefore, to place this order with you if the Compressor could be delivered in January, 2010, at the latest, and if you could quote us a competitive price.

Your immediate reply would be very much appreciated.

Yours faithfully,

M. Brown

Purchase Department manager

7. К русским словам и выражениям подберите подходящие по смыслу английские эквиваленты:

1. Мы будем признательны за ваш скорый ответ.

• We are interested in goods produced by your company.

2. Мы заинтересованы в покупке … из вашей фирмы.

• Please send us your current price-list.

3. Мы бы хотели купить … • We saw your product at the exhibition and would ask you

to send us your latest catalogue.

4. Пожалуйста, вышлите ваш текущий прейскурант.

• We are interested in purchasing… from you company.

5. Мы были бы признательны Вам, если бы Вы назначали ваши лучшие цены и условия поставки и платежа.

• Your prompt reply will be appreciated.

6. Будьте добры прислать образцы вашего продукта.

• We would like to buy …

7. Мы видели ваш продукт на выставке и хотели бы, чтобы вы прислали нам ваш

последний каталог.

• We should like you to give us a quotation for …

8. Мы хотели бы, чтобы Вы дали нам вашу котировку на …

• Please send us samples of your product

9. Мы заинтересованы в тoваре вашей компании.

• We would be obliged if you could quote your best

prices and terms of delivery and payment.

8. Переведите следующее письмо-запрос на английский язык.

Вам могут понадобиться следующие слова и выражения:

реклама – advertisement

быть признательными (за что-либо) – to appreciate

подробное описание – detailed description

фотоаппарат – camera

скидка – discount

специализироваться на продаже – to specialize in selling

основывать компанию – to set up a company

отвечать чьим-либо требованиям – to meet someone‘s requirements

благоприятное предложение – favourable offer

представитель (торговый) – representative

Надеемся на сотрудничество в будущем. – We hope to have the pleasure of do

business with you in the future.

Уважаемые господа,

Мы увидели вашу рекламу в журнале Business Weekly и будем признательны, если вы вышлете нам более подробное описание своих фотоаппаратов. Также мы хотели бы знать о тех скидках, которые вы предоставляете.

Наша компания специализируется на продаже фотоаппаратов в Италии. Для Вашей информации мы можем добавить, что наша компания была основана пять лет назад. Если ваши товары будут отвечать нашим требованиям и мы получим благоприятное предложение, мы сможем, быть вашими торговыми представителями и продавать ваши фотоаппараты во всех странах Европы.

Мы были бы признательны Вам, если бы Вы назначили ваши лучшие цены и условия поставки и платежа. Надеемся на сотрудничество в будущем.

Мы будем признательны за ваш скорый ответ.

Искренне Ваш,

Роберт Стэнли

Менеджер по продажам

Тема 4. Ответ на письмо-запрос

Jackson Brothers

3487 23rd Street

New York, NY 12009

Kenneth Beare

Administrative Director

English Learners & Company

2520 Visita Avenue

Olympia, WA 98501

September 12, 2000

Dear Mr Beare,

Thank you for your enquiry of 12 September asking for the latest edition of our catalogue.

We are pleased to enclose our latest brochure. We would also like to inform you that it is possible to make purchases online at http://jacksonbros.com.

We look forward to welcoming you as our customer.

Yours sincerely,

(Signature)

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний из левой колонки.

1. detail quotation • размещать заказ

2. range of priced patterns • отличного качества

3. to send by post • закончиться (о запасах)

4. of fine quality • затраты

5. attractive design • подробные расценки

6. to be supplied from stock • посылать по почте

7. in case of an order • запас(ы)

8. сosts • повышать (цены)

9. to raise (prices) • ассортимент образцов с ценами

10. stock(s) • привлекательный дизайн

11. to run out • в случае вашего заказа

12. to place an order • поставляться со склада

2. Переведите следующее письмо-ответ на запрос.

Dear Mr. McDonald,

We thank you for your enquiry of 17 April for our cotton and other natural fabrics and enclose our detail quotation. A full range of priced patterns has been sent to you by post today. You will see that our fabrics are really of fine quality and attractive designs. These fabrics can be supplied from stock. In case of an order for more than 500 metres we would allow a special discount of 5 per cent.

As you may know costs have been rising steadily since March but we have not raised our prices. However we may have to do so when the present stocks run out. We therefore advise you to place your order with us at once.

Looking forward to hearing from you soon,

Yours sincerely,

Piter Zhukov

Sales Department Manager

3. Переведите следующее письмо-ответ на запрос на английский язык. Вам могут понадобиться следующие слова и выражения:

последний выпуск нашего каталога – the latest edition of our catalogue делать

закупки – to make purchases

мы с удовольствием вкладываем – we are pleased to enclose

надеемся, что вы станете нашим клиентом – we look forward to welcoming you as

our customer

Уважаемый г-н Берн,

Благодарим за ваш запрос от 12 сентября, в котором вы просите выслать вам последний выпуск нашего каталога. Мы с удовольствием вкладываем новейший выпуск нашего каталога.

Мы также хотели бы сообщить вам о том, что имеется возможность делать закупки online по следующему электронному адресу: http://jacksonbros.com. Надеемся, что вы станете нашим клиентом.

Искренне ваш,

Иван Шайба

менеджер по продажам

4. Переведите письменно следующее письмо-запрос и составьте ответ на это письмо на английском языке.

Dear Sirs,

We should be prepared, therefore, to place this order with you if the Compressor could be delivered in January, 2010, at the latest, and if you could quote us a competitive price.

Your immediate reply would be very much appreciated.

Yours faithfully,

M. Brown

Purchase Department manager

Тема 5. Письмо-предложение (Letter of offer)

1. Переведите на русский язык и выучите следующие слова и выражения:

A letter of offer, goods, terms of payment, delivery, range of goods, to stimulate somebody’s interest, sales messages, firm (binding) offer, offer without engagement, deadline, receipt of orders, certain quantities, stipulated time, to revoke, to be bound by something, expiration of the time

1. What would a person do if he or she accepts a job offer in another city, relocates, and then the company (берёт назад) the job offer?

2. (быть юридически связанным) is a technical term used in contract law.

3. The time at which a time-controlled function is to be started is known as the (истечение времени).

4. (Доставка) is the process of transporting goods through a transportation network.

5. A (письмо-предложение) is a letter written to a potential partner with whom the company would like to cooperate.

6. A definite offer to buy or sell something at a particular price is called (предложение с обязательством).

7. An order following a firm offer results in a contract, while an order placed on the basis of (предложение без обязательства) does not have this effect.

8. Before placing an order, we would like to be informed about the (условия платежа).

9. If the Buyer accepts the offer in full within (оговоренный срок), the goods are considered to have been sold to him at the price and on the terms stated in the offer.

10.In order to (стимулировать интерес покупателей) to the produced goods, the company made an agreement with a TV channel according to which an advertisement is shown on a daily basis.

11.In some cases, a purchaser may request a letter of confirmation of (получение заказа) because they have an obligation to prove compliance with terms of contracts or agreements with their own clients or other parties.

12.Knowing what business structure you are operating in will give you the starting point to figuring out the (последний срок) for your taxes and the supporting tax forms submissions.

13.Our company is engaged in selling a wide (ассортимент товаров).

14.Things that have been produced in order to be sold at the market are called (товары).

15.We often receive (сообщения о продаже) through e-mail.

3. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст:

Letter of offer

Offers are sent in reply to an enquiry or without a preceding enquiry. They state the nature and description of the goods offered, the quantity, the price, the terms of payment, and the time and place of delivery. The sales-conscious businessman wants to draw the attention of customers and new customers to a special product or range of goods. He will take the opportunity to stimulate his correspondent’s interest in his goods or services by including sales messages and the assurance that the customer will receive personal attention.

Offers may be firm (binding) or without engagement. A firm offer is subject to certain conditions, a deadline for the receipt of orders, or a special price for certain quantities. If the Buyer accepts the offer in full within the stipulated time, the goods are considered to have been sold to him at the price and on the terms stated in the offer. According to the British and American 17 law, a person/company making a firm offer has the right to revoke it at any

time before it has been accepted. According to the Russian law, a person/ company making an offer is bound by it until the expiration of the time stated in the offer.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. When are offers sent?

2. What do they state?

3. What kinds can they be?

4. What do we call offers that do bind neither the buyer nor the seller?

5. Can a company based in the Russian Federation revoke their offer at any

time before it has been accepted?

4. Найдите, какие из указанных переводов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.

1. letter of offer • письмо-запрос

2. quantity • качество

3. deadline • последний срок

4. delivery • получение

5. expiration of the time • истечение времени

6. firm (binding) offer • предложение с обязательством

7. good • услуга

8. offer without engagement • предложение без обязательства

9. range of goods • ассортимент товаров

10. receipt of orders • приём приказов

11. sales message • телеграмма с поздравлением

12. stipulated time • зря потраченное время

13. terms of payment • условия платежа

14. to be bound by something • быть юридически связанным

15. to revoke • брать назад

16. to stimulate somebody`s interest • стимулировать интерес покупателей

5. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний из левой колонки.

1. environmentally friendly • без включения хлорированных фторуглеродов

2. molding technique • упаковочный материал

3. to customize • не облагаемый налогом

4. CFC-free • экологичный

5. exclusive of tax • франко-транспортное судно

6. FCA ( = Free Carrier) • приспособить к потребностям клиентов

7. packaging • формовочная техника

6. Переведите письменно следующее письмо – предложение:

Dear Mr.Stein,

Many thanks for your enquiry of May 10 regarding the importation of our new, environmentally friendly, CFC-free packaging material.

We will have no difficulty in manufacturing and supplying the shapes you describe in the drawings included with your enquiry, since we have a molding technique which enables us to customize packaging to customers‘ specifications. So far, we have had an overwhelming response from all over the world to our new product and our production department is being expanded to cope with the increasing demand.

We enclose our catalogue and current export price list. All prices are exclusive of tax and are quoted FCA US airport. At present, delivery to a US airport can be made within 3 – 4 weeks of receipt of order. We look forward to executing our order and enclose our Order Form for customer convenience.

Sincerely yours,

John Brown,

Sales Department Manager

Lancashire Enterprises plc

7. К русским словам и выражениям подберите подходящие по смыслу английские эквиваленты:

1. In reply to your enquiry for … • Спасибо за ваше письмо от …, в котором Вы

выражаете интерес к нашему продукту.

2. We have pleasure in offering

you… • Полагаем, что мы ответили на все ваши вопросы.

Если нет, то свяжитесь с нами.

3. We think we have covered all

points of your enquiry. If not

please do not hesitate to contact

us. • В ответ на Ваш запрос прилагаем все подробности

относительно наших экспортных моделей.

4. Our services are at your

disposal. • Мы благодарим Вас за Ваш запрос на … и хотели

бы сообщить Вам, что мы можем сделать Вам предложение.

5. We are sure that these goods

will meet your requirements

and we look forward to your

first order . • С удовольствием предлагаем вам …

6. Thank you for your letter of …

in which you express your

interest in our product. • В ответ на Ваш запрос …

7. We have pleasure in sending

the following quotation. • Мы уверены, что товар будет отвечать Вашим

требованиям, и с нетерпением ждем вашего первого заказа.

8. We thank you for your enquiry

for … and would like to inform

you that we can make you an

offer. • Мы с удовольствием направляем Вам следующую

котировку.

9. In reply to your enquiry we are

enclosing all particulars

concerning our export models. • Всегда к вашим услугам

8. Переведите следующее письмо- предложение на английский язык. Вам могут понадобиться следующие слова и выражения:

пользоваться возможностью – to take an opportunity

представлять– to introduce

производиться во высоким стандартам – to be produced up to high standards

отрасль промышленности – branch of industry

сельское хозяйство– agriculture

высокое качество – high quality

поставлять – to supply

внешний вид (продукции) – appearance

рабочие характеристики (продукции) – operating performance

брошюра – brochure

преимущество – advantages

запчасти (к моторам) – spare parts (to engines)

перечень цен на текущий момент –current price-list

приветствовать запросы – to welcome somebody’s enquiries

должное внимание.– due attention

немедленно связаться (с кем-либо) – to contact (somebody) immediately

надежный партнер – reliable partner

плодотворное сотрудничество – profitable cooperation

Генеральный директор – CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

Предложение о сотрудничестве

Уважаемые господа!

Пользуемся возможностью представить Вам нашу компанию, как одну из крупнейших производителей моторов.

Наши моторы производятся по высоким стандартам и, отличаясь высоким качеством, продаются по всему миру. Мы поставляем наши моторы заказчикам из разных отраслей промышленности и сельского хозяйства и все они, как правило, довольны внешним видом и рабочими характеристиками продукции. К этому письму мы прилагаем брошюры, которые демонстрируют и описывают преимущества наших моторов, а также запчастей к ним.

Мы также прилагаем перечень цен на текущий момент, который уже рассмотрен и согласован с нашим руководством.

Мы приветствуем Ваши запросы и обещаем, что им будет уделено должное внимание.

Если у Вас возникнут какие-нибудь вопросы или Вам потребуется какая-нибудь дополнительная информация, пожалуйста, свяжитесь с нами

незамедлительно.

Мы слышали много лестного о Вашей фирме как о надежном во всех

отношениях партнере и надеемся на плодотворное сотрудничество с Вами.

Искренне Ваш,

Иван Никифоров,

Генеральный директор

«Росимпорт»

Тема 6. Моя будущая профессия. (проектная работа)

По предлагаемому шаблону расскажите о специальности, к которой вас готовят (в чем заключается работа, ее значимость, преимущества, ваши обязанности).

1) When a person decides to choose a profession he considers (принимает во внимание) the following factors:

how popular it is;
how prestigious it is;
how much money it brings;
how interesting it is;
how it fits the person’ character;
what possibilities of getting professional training he has;
if he can find a job in his city;
if he can develop his career;
how necessary for the people it is at this historical period;
……. (Добавьте свои соображения)

2) Now the profession of … is in a great demand. (Приведите факты, доказывающие востребованность профессии)

3) I decided to be a finance clerk / an accountant because

I like working with figures (цифрами);
I am a very responsible person;
I am not very sociable (общительный) and prefer to work alone;
I have an analytical mind;
my parents are accountants and I want to support the family professional dynasty;
my parents made (заставили) me make this choice – they wanted me to earn more money;
good accountants – like programmers – are welcomed at any company;
an accountant is a really and traditionally female (женская) profession;
it means good salaries and wealthy (обеспеченную) life for my family;
…… (Другие причины)

* 3) I decided to be a … manager because

§ I know I can lead people;

§ I am a very responsible person;

§ I am very sociable (общительный) and prefer to work with people;

§ I have an analytical mind;

§ my parents are … managers and I want to support the family professional dynasty;

§ it means good salaries and wealthy (обеспеченную) life for my family;

§ decision-making is one of my strengths;

§ … is the most promising area in modern economy;

§ … (Другие причины)

4) At present, I am a (назовите вашу нынешнюю должность или профессию). My daily routine is as follows:

5) Now I am studying at the university. After graduation I hope

5. to get a promotion (повышение по службе);

6. to get a higher salary;

7. to have a better job / position;

8. to become a more respectable employee,

9. to become a top executive;

10. to have an authority in management of the company;

11. to leave my present job and apply for (поступить, подать заявление) a position in a large and prestigious company; - (в какую именно)

12. have a chance to realize my talents in … (глагол с –ing формой);

13. have a chance to realize my wish to … (глагол);

14. ….. (Другое)

6) That is why I am trying to do my best in studying ….(здесь назовите ряд учебных предметов, которые вам наиболее пригодятся).

7) My responsibilities of an accountant / finance clerk /…manager will be as follows. I shall … (перечислите обязанности, характерные для выбранной специальности, которые описаны в текстах Модулей 13-16)

8) In conclusion I would like to say, … (Сделайте достойное завершение вашему рассказу. Это может быть напутствие будущим студентам, сравнение сегодняшних специалистов с прежними, что нового вы лично смогли бы предложить в развитие экономики, используйте уместный афоризм и т.п. Ограничьтесь 1-3 предложениями)

Список использованной литературы

1. Колесникова Н.Н.  Английский для менеджеров: Учебник для студ. сред. проф. учеб. заведений.- М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2004. – 304с.

2.Сайт Интернета http://www.rb.asu.ru/public/uploads/1256006881_Razgovornie_temi_za_2_kurs_(9-16)

3. электронный учебник

Ненахова Е.А., Павлова Н.В. и др. Английский язык: учебно-методический комплекс.- Челябинск: ЮУрГУ, ИОДО, 2005.

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