Государственное
бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение
Департамента
здравоохранения города Москвы
«Медицинский
колледж № 1»
(ГБПОУ
ДЗМ «МК №1»)
Филиал
№ 4
Учебно-наглядное пособие
дисциплина Английский язык
специальность
31.02.03 Лабораторная диагностика
IVкурс
7 семестр
тема
Бактерии
Москва
2016
РАССМОТРЕНО
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УТВЕРЖДЕНО
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Протокол
заседания предметной цикловой комиссии №1
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Протокол
заседания Методического совета
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от ________________
№ _____
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от ________________
№ _____
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Разработчики:
ГБПОУ ДЗМ МК № 1 преподаватель
К.А. Песцова_____
(место работы)
(занимаемая должность)(инициалы, фамилия)
Рецензент:
ГБПОУ ДЗМ МК № 1 преподаватель
___Н.Н.
Кулдошина_
(место
работы) (занимаемая должность) (инициалы, фамилия)
Рецензия
на учебно-наглядное
пособие
по английскому языку
по теме: «Бактерии»
Английский язык является сравнительно
сложной дисциплиной для изучения студентами медицинского колледжа. Большой
объём материала и терминологии осложняет её изучение. В связи с этим, автором
подготовлено наглядное пособие, которое облегчит восприятие материала
обучающимися.
Предлагаемое пособие по теме
«Бактерии» содержит определение бактериям, их
характеристики и классификации. Материал представлен в
доступной для изучения студентами форме. Вся информация сопровождена
иллюстрациями, дополняющими и обеспечивающими наглядность изучаемой темы.
Данное пособие будет полезно как в
процессе занятия по данной теме, таки при самостоятельном, более глубоком
изучении темы обучающимися.
Разработчик:
преподаватель Первой
квалификационной категории ГБПОУ ДЗМ «МК №1» Филиал № 4 Песцова К.А.
Рецензент:
преподаватель
Высшей квалификационной категории ГБПОУ ДЗМ «МК №1» Филиал № 4, К.Ф.Н.
Кулдошина Н.Н.
Оглавление
Пояснительная записка……………………………………………………………….…..……………………
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5
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The
definition of bacteria ……………………………………………….………………………………….…..
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6
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5
Types of Harmful Bacteria …………………………………………….…..…………………………….…..
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8
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1.StreptococcusPyogenes
…………………………………………….………………………………….…..
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8
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2.Escherichia
Coli ………………………………………………….…...….…………………………….…..
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9
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3.VibrioCholerae
…………………………………………………………..…………………………….…..
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10
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4.
Enteritis Salmonella …………………………………………………….…………………………….…..
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11
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5.
Salmonella Typhi …………………………..………………………………………………………….…..
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12
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5
Types of Beneficial Bacteria ………………………………………………..…………………………….…..
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13
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1.
Lactobacillus acidophilus …………………………………...…….……..…………………………….…..
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14
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2.
Bacillus subtilis ……………………………………………………..………………………………….…..
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14
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3.
Bifidobacterium animalis ………………………………………….……..…………………………….…..
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15
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4.
Streptococcus thermophiles ………………………………………...………………………………….…..
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15
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5.
Lactobacillus reuteri ………………………………………………..…….…………………………….…..
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15
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Types
of Bacteria According to Gram Staining ……………………….…………………………………….…..
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16
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Coccus
…………………………………………………………………….………………………………….…..
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17
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Bacillus
………………………………………………………………….……..…………………………….…..
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17
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Rickettsia
………………………………………………………………….………………………………….…..
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18
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Mycoplasma
……………………………………………………………….…..…………………………….…..
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18
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Spirillum
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….…..
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19
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Bacterial shapes ………………………………………………………………..…………………………….…..
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20
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Использованная литература ……………………………………………………………………………….…..
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21
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Пояснительная
записка
Данное
наглядное пособие предназначено для студентов медицинских училищ и колледжей,
обучающихся по специальности 31.02.03 «Лабораторная диагностика» для
систематизации и углубления знаний по английскому языку по теме «Бактерии». В
пособии дано определение бактериям, дана их характеристика и классификация.
Справочная информация о различных типах бактерий подкреплена яркими
иллюстрациями для визуального восприятия материала.
Bacteria (singular: bacterium)aresingle-celledorganismswhichcanonlybeseenthroughamicroscope.
Theycome in different shapes and sizes, and their size is measured in
micrometer - which is a millionth part of a meter. There are several different
types of bacteria, and they are found everywhere and in all types of
environment.
Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular (single
celled) ancient organisms that are responsible for a number of lethal diseases.
There are different types of bacteria that shares classic morphological
characteristics of the kingdom but are classified differently in 5 major groups
on the basis of their habitat, laboratory characteristics, staining methods,
requirement of certain nutrients for the generation of energy and presence of
certain cytoplasmic extensions like flagella or cilia (that are helpful in the
motility of bacteria).
5 Types of Harmful Bacteria
1. Streptococcus Pyogenes
Streptococcus Pyogenes is the causative
agent of mild sore throat and skin infections that may worsen in certain
situations to lead to life threatening infections like toxic shock syndrome and
septicemia (when bacteria gain access to the blood stream). It is classified as
gram positive coccus that grows mainly in chains.
2. Escherichia
Coli
E- Coli is a gram negative bacillus and is
considered as a causative agent of traveler’s diarrhea; however some pathogenic
strains can also lead to bloody diarrhea and circulatory shock.
3. Vibrio Cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of
cholera and is associated with intake of improperly cooked food or poor
sanitary conditions. Vibrio Cholerae is linked to hundreds and thousands of
deaths worldwide (mostly in under- developed countries) due to cholera
outbreak.
4. Enteritis Salmonella
The most common causative agent of food
poisoning throughout the world is Enteritis salmonella and can lead to serious
and life threatening food poisoning, diarrhea, circulatory shock and
dehydration in children. Infection can be controlled by timely intake of proper
antibiotics and circulatory support.
5. Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Typhi is a gram negative
organism that is the causative agent of typhoid fever. It is associated with a
high mortality rate after initial infection and characterized by blood
diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, fever and may lead to death if proper
treatment is not instituted at the right time.
5 Types of Beneficial Bacteria
Not all the bacteria are bad for human
survival. Our body is loaded with hundreds and thousands of bacteria that serve
to colonize our body in order to prevent overgrowth of pathogenic elements. In
addition these bacteria also serve a variety of functions.
1. Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus exists in
different parts of human body like intestine, vagina and oral cavity. It is
responsible for slightly acidic pH of vagina that is helpful in preventing
overgrowth of other microorganisms. In addition it is also known to boost
immunity.
Due to its beneficial properties, it is
used in a variety of dietary products like tempeh, yogurt, miso and probiotics
supplements.
2. Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis occurs independently in
the environment around us and was first used by Nazi army to manage diarrheal
illness. It helps in normalizing gut motility and metabolic functioning.
It is fortified in products like yogurt,
cheese, milk, ice cream and fermented soybeans.
3. Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium animalis is found in the
intestine of animals and humans as a normal commensal that aid in digestive
process. In addition it can also be consumed in supplemental doses to improve
the symptoms of constipation or irritable bowel syndrome.
4. Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus is classified
under coccus and it has the ability to withstand a temperature of about 212
degrees Fahrenheit. Streptococcus thermophilus strengthen immunity and improves
the functioning of gut. It can be obtained from cheese and other dairy
products.
5. Lactobacillus reuteri
Lactobacillus reuteri is one of the
probiotics agents that are present in maternal breast milk and becomes a
permanent part of gut flora. It is also present in dietary sources like yogurt
and cheese.
Types of Bacteria According to
Gram Staining
Since bacterial organisms are so minute,
it is impossible to view the organisms without compound microscope. In order to
visualize the cellular components and to differentiate bacteria from other
microbial agents, staining techniques are used by scientists to categorize
different bacteria.
Gram staining is a special method that
involves dying the outer covering of the bacterial cell wall that prevents it
from physical and environmental trauma. On the basis of gram staining, bacteria
are widely classified as gram positive (bacteria with the cell wall) and gram
negative (bacteria without cell- wall).
There are a number of structural and
functional variations in the bacteria of one group that helps in adapting these
bacterial agents to survive in one environment where other bacteria cannot.
Coccus
Coccus is rounded or
spherical in shape and may occur in chains or clusters. These occurs
abundantely in the environment and also as normal commensal on the human body
(in nostrils, skin, oral cavity and genitals).
If these pathogens grow
excessively, diseases like impetigo, food poisoning and tonsillitis may occur.
Examples are: Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacillus
Bacilli are rod shaped and
may be gram positive or negative on staining. Most popular species are
salmonella (the causative agent of typhoid) and E- Col (causative agent for
hemorrhagic diarrhea). Gram negative as well as gram positive bacilli are well
known causative agents for gastroenterological, pulmonary and cutaneous
infections.
Rickettsia
Rickettsia is considered
unique bacteria since it is incapable of surviving outside living organisms.
Due to unstable morphological features, it is transmitted by different vector
sources like ticks, fleas and mites to cause life threatening infectious
diseases like Rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus.
Mycoplasma
All bacteria are
characterized by a cell wall outside cell-membrane; however, mycoplasma is
unique as it lacks a cell wall that is also considered a protective mechanism
that makes it easier for bacteria to evade antibiotic therapies. It is
causative agent for life threatening pulmonary infections and some strains may
cause pelvic disease.
Spirillum
Spirillum is different from
other bacterial agents as it is cork-screw shaped. It includes causative agent
of Lyme’s disease (transmitted by tick bites) and syphilis.
Использованная литература:
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3V2hwM9wHZw/TjoJagL9ceI/AAAAAAAAF4Y/e6jh9N2dkHs/s1600/salmonella+bacteria1.jpg
http://alexwillifersblog.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/0/8/60082707/2925490_orig.jpg
http://custom-car.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/coccus-bacteria-shape-5016.jpg
http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/u0220158/index_files/image006.jpg
http://image.ec21.com/image/snowddd/oimg_GC07029290_CA09631858/Bifidobacterium_Infantis.jpg
http://imagecache5d.allposters.com/watermarker/38-3812-ARSIF00Z.jpg?ch=775&cw=775
http://kakbik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/bakteriya.jpg
http://medimoon.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/gramstructure.jpg
http://sgugenetics.pbworks.com/f/1384635773/e-coli.jpg
http://svit24.net/images/stories/articles/2013/Zdorovie/08-2013/01/192_stafilakkok.GIF
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/immunology/students/spring2003/kenyi/images/Typhoi1.gif
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-bacteria.html
http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/escherichia-coli.jpg
http://www.detoxtransforms.com/v/vspfiles/assets/images/lactobacillus%20acidophilus%20lactobacillus%20detoxtransforms%20ba1860.jpg
http://www.gastroscan.ru/handbook/images-oth/lactobacillus-reuteri-SPL.jpg
http://www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu/microbiology/DMIP/bsubgs.jpg
http://www.naturalguidetohealth.com/sitebuilder/images/bacterialshapes_1_-600x450.jpg
http://www.newhealthguide.org/Types-Of-Bacteria.html
http://www.operabelno.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/omfalit03.jpg
http://www.slideteam.net/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/0/8/0814_streptococcus_pyogenes_bacterium_medical_images_for_powerpoint_Slide01.jpg
http://www.sportobzor.ru/uploads/images/bifidobacterium.jpg
http://www.studfiles.ru/html/2706/186/html_kTUtQ4wvMg.Lf9J/htmlconvd-h5m2i2_html_6e8a6330.png
http://www.syl.ru/misc/i/ai/184802/762959.jpg
https://cdn.superstock.com/4269/Download/4269-27720.jpg
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