Открытый урок  по познанию мира в 4 классе

Тема : Вращение Земли вокруг Солнца                                                                                                                                           Цель: сформировать представление о движении Земли вокруг Солнца, о причинах, вызывающих смену     времён года, раскрыть особенности неравномерного нагрева земной поверхности.                                                                    Задачи: расширить и углубить знания о Солнечной системе, о движении Земли вокруг своей оси и вокруг     Солнца;                                                                                                                                                                                 - развивать познавательный интерес, любознательность, умение наблюдать, сравнивать,   анализировать,        устанавливать причинно –следственные связи, обобщать и делать выводы;                                                                                                                                                          - воспитывать интерес к космосу, умение работать самостоятельно, воспитывать внимательность, доброже-     лательность в работе с товарищами, уважение  друг к другу.

Оборудование: учебник, глобус, теллурий, план – схема. карточки – тесты, компьютер, макет Земли, звёз-               дочки.                                                                                                                                                                                   Инновационные образовательные технологии: развивающего и проблемного обучения, личностно-ориенти- рованного и частично-поискового обучения, информационные компьютерные технологии и здоровьесбере-     гающая технология

Методы: наглядный, исследовательский, практический, метод стимулирования, индуктивный и дедуктив-                         ный, метод контроля, метод самостоятельности и творчества   

                                                                Ход урока

               Этапы                                           Действия учителя                             Действия учащихся

1.Психологический настрой                                                                             (Хором проговаривают)                                                                    

-                                                                                                                            Мы науку изучаем,                                                                -                                                                                                                            Об открытиях мечтаем.                                        -                                                                                                                            Будем к знаниям стремиться,             -                                                                                                                            В жизни  всё нам пригодится.                             -                                             - А что нужно для того. чтобы всё было                                                                                                         -                                               хорошо, урок удался?                                      - Хорошее настроение                                                                -                                               Солнце лучистое не разделишь на части,                                                                                             -                                               Как огромную землю нельзя разделить,                                                                                               -                                               Но радость свою или искорку счастья                                                                                                        -                                              Ты можешь с любовью друзьям подарить.                                                                                   -                                            - Улыбнитесь друг другу и пожелайте удачи.                                                                 2 Сообщение темы и цели урока (Слайд1)

                                            - Дорогие мои юные астрономы. Я приглашаю                                                                    -                                             вас  вновь совершить путешествие в космос и                                                                                              -                                             узнать, отчего происходит смена времён года,                                                                     -                                             почему в разных местах земного шара наша                                                                                                    -                                             планета нагревается солнцем по - разному.                                                                             -                                          - Вам интересно это? Тогда – вперёд!                           -Да, очень хотим узнать.                                                                 -                                          - Небесные тела , о которых пойдёт сегодня речь,                                                                                    -                                             находятся в кроссворде. Давайте разгадаем его.

3. Работа с компьютером. (Слайд 2)                                                                                                                                               -                                            1. Светящееся  небесное тело.                                   (Дети называют слова: звезда,                                                                                 -                                            2. Ближайшая к нам звезда.                                       Солнце, планета, Марс, Плутон,   -                                            3. Небесные тела, вращающиеся                               Луна, космос, Земля)                              -                                                вокруг  Солнца.                                                                                                                    -                                           4. Планета, находящаяся на следующей                                                                               -                                               орбите после Земли.                                                                                                                               -                                           5. Самая удалённая от Солнца планета.                                                                                                     -                                           6. Естественный спутник Земли.                                                                                              -                                           7. Пространство, окружающее планеты.                                                                           -                                           8. Планета, на которой мы живём.

4. Ответы на кроссворд   (Слайд 3)

                                             -Назовите их.                                                            Солнце и Земля                                 -                                            Давайте послушаем их разговор                                                                                         5 Инсценирование  «Разговор с Землёй»                                                          (Выходят два ученика, один из       -                                                                                                                                  -                                                                                                                              которых  - макет Земли)                          -                                                                                                                             - Эй, Земля, моя планета,                    -                                                                                                                             - Где твой край?                                                          -                                                                                                                             - А вовсе нету.                                                                 -                                                                                                                              Вокруг своей оси вращаюсь,                                        -                                                                                                                              Солнцем я обогреваюсь,                   -                                                                                                                              Вокруг солнца я кружу                                                 -                                                                                                                              И не на китах лежу.                                          -                                                                                                                            - Кто они  -  твоя семья?                                         -                                                                                                                             - Солнца дочь и сыновья.                                  -                                                                                                                              То Венера  и Меркурий                                      -                                                                                                                              И ещё шесть братьев хмурых:                               -                                                                                                                              Марс. Юпитер и Сатурн                       -                                                                                                                              Да Плутон, Уран, Нептун                            -                                                                                                                            - Эй, Земля, а с кем ты дружишь?              -                                                                                                                              С кем же вокруг солнца кружишь?   -                                                                                                                            - Я в компании приличной,                                -                                                                                                                              Братьев семь, одна сестричка.                     -                                                                                                                              Мы горды своей почтенной,                                    -                                                                                                                              Нашей Солнечной системой.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

6. Проверка знаний  по         -Что вращается вокруг Солнца?                        Все  планеты, в том числе и наша                                                                                                                                        пройденному материалу.                                                                                    Земля. Она вращается одновре-                                                                                                       Фронтальный опрос:                                                                                           менно   и вокруг Солнца, и вокруг     -                                               -Что вам известно о Земле?                                своей оси.                                               -                                                                                                                              Земля  шарообразна, но это не иде             -                                                                                                                              альный шар. а приплюснутый  к                     -                                                                                                                              полюсам. это пятая планета по ве    -                                                                                                                              личине в Солнечной системе и на     -                                                                                                                              ходится на третьей орбите от Сол     -                                                                                                                              нца. Она сформировалась около       -                                                                                                                              5 лмрд. лет назад из протоплане       -                                                                                                                              тарной пыли и газа. Расстояние от                                 -                                                                                                                              Земли до Солнца около 150 млн км                                                                                                                                 -                                                                                                                             Диаметр  Земли – 12570 км, Длина -                                                                                                                              -                                                                                                                               экватора - 40076 км, общая  пло -       -                                                                                                                              щадь поверхности Земли  510 млн   -                                                                                                                              кв. км, радиус полюсов – 6357 км,  -                                                                                                                                   -                                                                                                                              а радиус экватора – 6378 км              Индивидуальный опрос: Как   вращается Земля вокруг своей оси?             (Ученик с помощью теллурия пока     -                                                                                                                             зывает и рассказывает о вращении      -                                                                                                                             Земли вокруг оси)                                            -                                                                                                                             Солнце освещает то одну, то дру                    -                                                                                                                             гую сторону Земли. На освещён-          -                                                                                                                             ной стороне – день , а на теневой -       -                                                                                                                             ночь. Вращаясь. Земля делает пол    -                                                                                                                             ный оборот вокруг оси за 24 часа,    -                                                                                                                            т.е. за сутки. Это приводит к смене   -                                                                                                                            дня и ночи. Если бы Земля не вра-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     -                                                                                                                            щалась,то на  одной стороне всег-       -                                                                                                                            да был бы день и стояла жара. а на -                                                                                                                            -                                                                                                                            другой – ночь, и было бы холодно.              -                                                                                                                            Люди не замечают вращения Земли    -                                                                                                                            так как вместе с ней вращается всё,    -                                                                                                                            что на ней есть. Земля  вращается                                   -                                                                                                                            вокруг воображаемой наклонной          -                                                                                                                            оси с запада на восток. Благодаря                                                                                                                            -                                                                                                                            этому и происходит периодическая     -                                                                                                                            смена дня и ночи.                                   -                                                    Земля - наш «космический корабль».                                                                            -                                                    Она так же  движется в космосе, как                                                                                                              -                                                    и другие планеты по своим орбитам                                                                                          -                                                    вокруг Солнца. Как это происходит,                                                                                            -                                                    мы сейчас покажем.                                                                                                                                        7. Физкультминутка  (Слайд 4) «Танцующие планеты»                              (Ученики вместе с учителем прого       -                                                                                                                           варивают и выполняют движения)        -                                                 Планеты у Солнца танцуют, как дети:                                                                                             -                                                 Меркурий заводит их в хоровод,                                                                                                                                        -                                                 Чуть дальше Венера в пространстве плывёт:                                                                            -                                                 Встречаем мы Землю рядом с Луной                                                                                              -                                                 И огненный Марс, что кружит за Землёй.                                                                     -                                                 За ними – Юпитер, из всех великан                                                                                                -                                                 И дальше Сатурн в кольцах видится нам.                                                                               -                                                 Последние три едва различимы,                                                                                               -                                                 Прозрачны, холодны, но  их отличим мы:                                                                     -                                                 Уран и Нептун, и кроха Плутон,                                                                                                     -                                                 Вот мы и прошли планетарный закон!                                                                                    8. Подготовка к теме урока  - Прочитайте название темы. Какая задача    - Узнать ,что происходит при вра-                                                                                    -                                                 стоит перед нами?                                              щении Земли вокруг Солнца.             -«Мозговой штурм»               -Что знаете о вращении Земли вокруг            (Дети высказывают свои мнения)                                                                                     -                                                  Солнца? К чему это приводит?                                                                                             - Работа в группах                                                                                              1 гр. Почему летом дни длиннее,                                             -                                                                                                                                     а ночи короче? Объясните.             -                                                                                                                            2 гр.Почему в Австралии купаль-                -                                                                                                                                     ный сезон в декабре?                                                             -                                                                                                                            3 гр. Почему в Африке не бывает         -                                                                                                                                     снега?                                                            -                                                                                                                             ( После минутной подготовки за-              -                                                                                                                               слушиваются ответы детей)                                       -                                             - Молодцы, мои юные астрономы!                                                                                        9. Новая тема.                       Но, чтобы в этом ещё раз всем убедиться,                                                                                          -                                              давайте вместе с нашей Матушкой – Зем-                                                                                          -                                              лёй совершим  путешествие  вокруг Солн-                                                                       -                                              ца                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                -                                              ( На доске и на партах у детей планы-                                                                                             -                                              схемы вращения Земли вокруг солнца)                                                                                                                 -                                              ( Показываю на теллурии  и объясняю)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

-                                              Земля, вращаясь вокруг своей оси, совер-                                                                                                    -                                              шает полный оборот вокруг Солнца за                                                                                                    -                                              365 дней , а через каждые 4 года 366 дней.                                                                        -                                              Из-за наклона оси, которая всегда направ-                                                                                      -                                              лена на Полярную звезду, Земля, двигаясь                                                                                           -                                              вокруг Солнца, поворачивается к нему то                                                                                                     -                                              Северным, то Южным полюсом. И то полу-                                                                                             -                                              шарие, которое больше освещается Солн-                                                                                    -                                              цем, сильнее нагревается, там лето, а в дру-                                                                                                                     -                                              гом – зима. Потом наоборот. Вследствие                                                                                       -                                              вращения Земли вокруг Солнца и наклона                                                                                                   -                                              земной оси, в большинстве районов земно-                                                                                            -                                              го шара происходит смена времён года. Но                                                                                            -                                              не везде. Где же это не происходит?                        - На экваторе.                       -                                             -                                             - Почему?                                                             - На экваторе лучи отвесно падают                           -                                                                                                                              на Землю. Солнце находится в зе-      -                                                                                                                              ните и равномерно распределяет                    -                                                                                                                              своё тепло. Там всегда лето.                -                                             -А  что бывает на полюсах?                                - Полярная ночь и полярный день,      -                                                                                                                               которые длятся по полгода.                                -                                             -Почему?                                                                -Солнце доходит только до поляр-   -                                                                                                                              ных кругов. Когда оно бывает над                 -                                                                                                                              Северным полярным кругом, на       -                                                                                                                              нём  наступает день, а на Южном-           -                                                                                                                              ночь, и наоборот.                                     -                                             - Какие особенные 4 дня есть в году?                -Самый длинный день – 22 июня,           -                                                                                                                              самый короткий день – 22 декабря     -                                                                                                                              и дни равноденствия : 21 марта и        -                                                                                                                              23 сентября.                                                     -                                              Подпишите на своих схемах эти дни                (Учащиеся подписывают даты на              -                                                                                                                              схемах и на доске с указом слов:                                     -                                                                                                                              летнее и зимнее солнцестояние и    -                                                                                                                              день весеннего и осеннего равно-    -                                                                                                                              денствия)                                                                   -                                           21 марта в день весеннего равноденствия                                                                                       -                                           по восточному календарю наступает Но-                                                                                                   -                                           вый год. Весь народ Казахстана встреча-                                                                                           -                                           ет национальный  праздник Наурыз, что                                                                                            -                                           в переводе означает «новый день».                                                                                                       -                                           Наступает настоящая весна, природа ожи-                                                                         -                                           вает, всё обновляется. Это праздник мира                                                                                               -                                           добра и благоденствия.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                -                                           Итак, благодаря наклону земной оси и вра-                                                                                            -                                           щению Земли вокруг Солнца, происходит                                                                                       -                                           поочерёдная смена времён года.                                                                                                              -                                         -Почему наша планета движется по кругу?      (Дети выдвигают свои предположения)                                                                                       -                                                                                                                                                                                                  -                                         Земля постоянно вращается на определён-                                                                                 -                                         ном расстоянии от Солнца по своей орбите,                                                                                       -                                         а не иначе.                                                                                                                -                                         -                                          Между Солнцем и Землёй существует сила                                                                                 -                                          притяжения, которая и заставляет её двигать-                                                                                 -                                          ся по кругу, что доказано Ньютоном.

10. Закрепление  (Слайд 5)                                                                              (Дети рассматривают слайд, читают                                                                                  -    Работа по учебнику                                                                                      текст в учебнике и отвечают на  воп-                                                                            -   ( стр. 75-76)                                                                                                     росы)

11.Просмотр видеоролика                                                                                                                                                 -                                         -Есть ли вопросы по новой теме? Тогда                                                                                                        -                                         . проверю, как усвоили материал. Вы-                                                                                -                                           -                                           полним тест.                                                                                                                                               12 Проверка знаний (Слайд 6)                                                                                                                                                 -                                         1.Полный оборот вокруг Солнца Земля                                                                               -                                             совершает за  …                                                                                                                         -                                           а) 360 дней                                                                                                                            -                                           -                                           б) 365 дней                                                                                                                                        -                                           в) 240 дней                                                                                                                                          -                                         2. Вращение Земли вокруг оси происходит                                                                                                          -                                           а) с запада на восток                                                                                                                                 -                                           б) с востока на запад                                                                                                                 -                                           в)  с севера на юг                                                                                                                       -                                        3. Движение Земли вокруг Солнца приводит                                                                                   -                                           а) к смене дня и  ночи                                                                                                                   -                                           б) к смене времён года                                                                                                                           -                                           в) к нагреванию Земли                                                                                                                         -                                        4. На земном шаре не бывает смены времён                                                                                                   -                                            года                                                                                                                                                     -                                           а) на северном  полюсе                                                                                                             -                                           б) на южном полюсе                                                                                                                       -                                           в) на экваторе                                                                                                                             -                                       5. Какое Солнце лучше нагревает Землю?                                                                                        -                                           а) высокое                                                                                                                                              -                                           б) среднее                                                                                                                                                     -                                           в) низкое                                                                                                                                     Самопроверка (Слайд 7)                                                                                               Ответы: 1-б, 2-а. 3-б, 4-в, 5-а    13. Итог урока                 - Что нового узнали  на уроке?                                                                                                            Рефлексия                       Выберите себе «Солнышко»по принципу                 (Ученики выбирают солнышки и                                                         -                                        чем больше лучиков, тем выше балл за                    прикрепляют к большому солнцу)                                                                    -                                        знания по новой теме.                                                                                                                     Анализ и оценки                                                                                                                                                                                    за работу на уроке                                                                                                                                                                                                                 14. Дом. задание                                                                                                     (дети записывают в дневник                                      -                                                                                                                                   стр. 75-76 отв. на вопр.)