Севастопольская
специализированная школа I-III ступеней № 3
с
углубленным изучением английского языка
Севастопольского
городского Совета
Заседание английского клуба
“Red Bus” с учащимися 9-х классов
“The History of London”
Селивончик Надежда
Никитична,
учитель английского языка
г. Севастополь
2011 год
Topic: The History of London
Teacher: Selivonchik Nadezhda Nikitichna
Level: intermediate
Form:
9 form
Objectives: to talk about the history of London;
to use the vocabulary of the topic;
to practise listening skills;
to practise speaking skills;
to practise computer skills.
Material aids: computers, the book “London”, presentation “ The History of
London”, posters and postcards about London, web-sites:
www.museumoflondon.org.uk, www.fireoflondon.org.uk/game,
www.bbc.co.okschools/famouspeople/,
www.wikipedia.org.
The
plan
1.
Introduction.
2.
Presentation “The History of London”.
3. The quiz
about London.
4. The game
on line “The Fire of London”.
I.
Introduction
Today we have gathered here to know more about the
history of London, the capital of Great Britain, one of the largest cities in
the world, its political, economic and commercial centre. London is one of the
oldest and most interesting cities in the world. At our lessons of Unit 8 the
textbook “Success” we learned to describe the place- where it is, how old it
is, what kind of place it is. And today the students of the 9-A form will tell us about its history.
II. Presentation
1.The scene - a group of students. Slide 2.
Two thousand years ago, in the year fifty five before
our era… Heavy clouds are over
a stormy sea. Eighty Roman ships are sailing on the grey waters to the unknown land. Julius Caesar is on the
first galley, surrounded by his
centurions. All are looking at the
distant
shore. “By Jupiter!” - says Julius Caesar, is
that a cloud in front or a mountain covered with snow? “Where? Over there?” “Oh,” - says one of the
centurions, «Those are cliffs, I can see them very well».
- “Yes, they are cliffs- and they are white.”
- “The land behind them must be white, too.”
- “It is a White Land,” exclaims Julius Caesar. “We shall call it Albion.”
- “Albion, Albion!” shouted the others. Alba in Latin means white, and
The name Albion remains to this day.
2. Student 1. Slides 3, 4.
The Romans came to a small settlement named Llyndin(which
means a lonely port) on the
banks of the river Thames. Britain was conquered and for 400 years remained a Roman province. Llyndin became Londinium.
The Romans made Londinium a large and rich city with good streets, beautiful palaces, shops and villas. Trade was growing. A lot of goods-skins, copper and iron ore, silver and gold were sent to Rome. Londinium
developed into a capital city with the population of 50 000 people. This is the plan of the city. About 200m from London Bridge
was
the forum (the chief market and meeting place) and the basilica(the
town hall and court of
justice). This is the Temple of Mithras. Mithras protected the good from evil. The 2-nd century head was in
his temple. The tombstone of a
Roman legionnaire was built into the city wall. And
this is Amphitheatre. Entertainment was brutal. A popular spectacle
was gladiators, dressed like this figurine, fighting to the
death.
In the fifth century the Romans left Britain,
other invaders came to the
British shores. The Saxon hordes and the Danes rushed to Londinium, conquered
the land and ruined the city. During nearly 400 years Londinium lay in ruins, grass grew where the beautiful
buildings had been before, wild
beasts walked on the good Roman roads.
3. Student 2 Slide 5
In 1066 William the Duke of Normandy with a numerous
army landed in the south of England. The battle between the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons took place on the 14-th of
October 1066 at a little village called Hastings. The country came under the power of the new
conquerors – the Normans.
4. Student 3
William the Conqueror
Good afternoon, respected public!
Let me introduce myself. I‘m William the Conqueror. The
strongest and the mightiest force is my main weapon. I defeated Harold honestly. That’s why I must be the
king. We, Normans, are better educated and we’ll make this
country civilised. But I know
Saxons hate us. We don’t feel safe inside our houses and I decided to build
towers. The White Tower became
my residence or our throats could be all out some night.
5. Student 4. Slides 6, 7, 8.
The Tower of London consists of a group of buildings
around the central White Tower built in the 11-th century. It was begun by
William the Conqueror in 1078. The Tower of London served as a fortress, a
palace, a zoo, a royal mint and a prison. Today it’s a museum. Many people have been locked in the Tower. In
1483 the boy- king Edward V and his brother, the Duke of York were imprisoned
and murdered in the Bloody Tower. Protector of Edward V, his uncle Richard
became king Richard III. Henry Tudor invaded England and killed Richard III. In
1600 the bones of the boys were discovered and reburied in Westminster Abbey.
This the Jewel House where the magnificent English crown Jewels are housed. 42 Beefeaters guard the Tower and live
there. “Beefeater” was a
nickname for well-fed servants. They wear a Tuder-style
uniform of blue or red. The
Tower’s most celebrated residents are a colony of eight
ravens. It is not known when they first settled there,
but there is a legend that if they leave the Tower, the kingdom will fall. The Ravenmaster looks after the birds. Tower Bridge
near the Tower was completed in 1894, but quickly became a symbol of London.
6. Student 5. Slides 9.10.
Westminster Abbey is one of the oldest buildings in London
and one of the most important religions centres in the country. It is half
national church, half national museum. Its founder Edward the Confessor built
it in 1065. This part was built before 1400…. Many queens and kings are buried there. Inside Henry VII’s Chapel
there is Elizabeth the I’s tomb. It also houses the body of her sister, ”Bloody” Mary I. In Poet’s
Corner many famous British
poets, playwrights and novelists are buried or commemorated such as Shakespeare
and Dickens, Walter Scott and Shelley. The
Abbey has been the scene of every royal coronation since Milliam the Conqueror in 1066. Monarchs are
crowned while sitting on the
Coronation throne kept in St.Edward’s Chapel. The Stone of Scone, a symbol of Scottish royalty is kept underneath.
Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in 1953
in the first televised
coronation. Near the entrance
to the Abbey there is the tomb of the Unknown Warrior. It commemorates all
British soldiers who Died in
the first World War.
7. Student 6. Slides 11, 12.
Since 1512 the Palace of Westminster has been the seat
of the two Houses of Parliament called the Lords and the Commons. Westminster Hall is the only surviving part
of the original Palace of Westminster completed in 1097 after the
1834 fire. This building was
designed by the Victorian architect Sir Charles Barry. The Houses of
Parliament has over 1000 rooms and
over 3 km of corridors. In Victoria
Tower millions of parliamentary documents are kept. A Union flag flies on the
tower when Parliament is sitting during daylight hours. Big Ben is the huge bell in the clock of
Saint Stephen’s Tower. Big Ben has boomed out the hours since 1859. When
Parliament is sitting at night a light shines above the clock. This is the
Lord’s Chamber, where the Queen deliveres a speech from the throne of the House
of Lords in November at the
State Opening of Parliament. The
House of Commons is decorated in a simple style with tiers of green seats. The government sits on one side of the
room with the opposition on the other. The Speaker presides from a chair between them.
8. Student 7. Slide 13.
Commerce and trade grow. The population grows even
faster. London Bridge is the only bridge across the river Thames. It is narrow
with shops and houses on each side of it. Shopkeepers lived above their shops Apprentices did the selling. The 15-th century trader Richard
Whittington was thrice mayor of London.
9. Scene 2. Slide 14.
Now, listen, children, all of you, here is a story,
strange but true; Dick
Whittington, in days of old, thought London streets were paved with gold.
Now Dick his living had to make,
So thought a journey he would take
To London town, so far away,
And reached it early one fine day.
He felt so tired and hungry too,
And wondering what he next should do,
Sat down upon a door-step wide,
And soon was asked to go inside.
The cook was told to give him work,
The hardest job Dick did not shirk,
And in a garret had to sleep,
Where all night long the rats would creep.
Crosswords and blows all day he got,
He really was a sorry lot,
So off he went at break of day,
Over Highgate Hill he took his way.
For home again he thought he’d go,
When suddenly the bells of Bow
Rang out a message through the air,
To Dick who heard it, sitting there:
“Turn again Whittington, lord mayor of London town”.
“So puss sailed off, I understand,
And was sold to a King in a foreign land.
In nuggets of gold his price was paid,
And so Dick’s fortune now was made.
The news is spread both far and wide,
And soon he found a lovely bride,
The merchant’s daughter, it is said,
And soon these happy pair were wed.
10. Student 8. Slides 15,16,17.
In the 16-th century the monarchy was stronger than ever
before. The Tudors established peace throughout England. It was ruled by mighty Monarchs at first Henry VIII and then
Elizabeth I. Henry VIII( 1491-1547) became the king of England
and Ireland on the 22 of April 1509. In his youth he was athletic and highly intelligent. A contemporary
observer described him thus: “he speaks good French, Latin and Spanish, he is very religious. He is extremely fond
of hunting. He is also fond of tennis.” His interests included writing both
books and music. He was a player of many instruments and a composer. Henry
VIII was a lavish patron of
arts. He was a clever ruler. He invested in the Navy and increased its size
from 5 to 53 ships. The second half of Henry’s reign was dominated by two issues very important for the later history of England: the succession and the Protestant Reformation, which led to the formation of the
Church of England.
11. Student 9. Slides 18, 19.
The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as
“the Golden Age of English
history. She is still one of the best loved monarchs and one of the most admired rulers of all time. Elizabeth was the
daughter of king Henry VIII. “I may not be a lion, but I am a lion’s cub, and I have a lion’s heart” she said. She
was born on the 7 of September 1533. As a child Elizabeth was given a very
impressive education. She was
taught by famous scholars and from an early age it was clear. That she was remarkably gifted. She had a talent for languages and
by adulthood she could speak five languages fluently. She loved all kinds of sports, especially horse riding
and hunting. She loved music and
dancing, she could even play the lute with skill. Elizabeth was crowned Queen
on the 15 of January 1559. She was dedicated to her country. She had the mind of a political genius and nurtured her
country through careful
leadership. When she died on the 24 th of March 1603, England was one of the most powerful and prosperous countries
in the world.
The Renaissance reached its zenith under Elizabeth I as explorers opened up the New
World, and English theatre, the nation’s most lasting contribution to world culture, was born. In 1599 the best-known of Elizabethan theatres, the Globe, was built. This was also the time when Shakespeare's great tragedies and comedies appeared.
12. Scene 3. Slides 20, 21.
- Roma, what happened then?
- Roma: and now we come to the time of great misfortunes- the year 1665.
-The Plague and the Fire. (taking out a book). Shall I read a few lines to you?
All:(together) Do, please!
- Roma(reads): “London at that time was a
busy, rich and crowded city.
More than 400 000 people lived there. The old city
looked very picturesque with its tall houses of wood, its narrow streets- so narrow that the people, out
of their bedroom windows on one side of the road could shake hands with those
living on the opposite side; the river was crowded with ships.
- A girl: Isn’t there a picture of old London?
- Roma: Yes, here is one.
- A boy: Oh, go on, Roma.
- Roma: But the pretty houses, the yards, the narrow streets were very
dirty. The smell in some places was unbearable…Lots of ships came to London daily. On one of them, together
with some goods, the Great Plague
had arrived. People fell ill, one after another, and in a few days Died. Whole families died. In the city the
houses of the sick were guarded so that no one could come in or out. Baskets
were hung out of the windows
for the food for those inside. A large red cross was painted on the door, to tell everybody: The Plague
is in the house. At night “the Dead
Cart” went round the streets. The driver rang a bell and shouted “Bring out your dead”. All life in London stopped, the
ships didn’t come. The streets were empty and grass
grew between the stones. By the end of summer there were not enough people
alive to bury the dead. In a few months nearly100 000 died.
- A boy: When was it over?
- A girl: What saved London?
- The boy: It was the winter cold that saved the city and the people,
wasn’t it?
- Roma: Quite right. But…
- The girl: I know! You mean the fire, don’t you?
- Roma : Yes, I do. Well, Dima is going to tell you now about the
Great Fire.
13. Student 10. Slide 21.
It was in 1666, the year after the Plague. This story of the greatest London Fire
could be called: how 3000 houses were destroyed through a small bundle of wood.
A young and careless Baker left
it at night near a very hot oven In a few h ours big flames were seen along the
narrow street. All the houses, made of wood, soon were burning like paper. Small shops on the riverside urning houses and flew and flew about the windows and
the roofs, till they burned their
wings and fell down dead. The Lord Mayor of London with the noblemen came on
the scene, the soldiers were all mobilised, and the king ordered the houses
around the fire to be pulled down. Many hundreds of houses were destroyed. Soon the wind changed, then stopped blowing, then a heavy rain fell. London- what was left of it- was saved. The
fire was very important for modern London, it cleared away the Plague for ever. And a new London, a London
of stone, with wider streets and better houses was built. But this is another story. We’ll tell you
next time.
III. The quiz
- Why did the Romans call the unknown land Albion? (They saw the white cliffs )
- How did the Romans call a small settlement? (Londinium)
- What was the most popular entertainment? (Gladiators’ fights)
4. When did the Romans leave Britain? (in the fifth century)
5. When did William the Duke of Normandy land in the south of England? (in 1066)
6. Who was the first king to be crowned in the Abbey? (William was)
7. How many times was Dick Whittington the mayor of London? (3 times )
8. What was Henry VIII fond of? (He was fond of hunting, tennis, books and music)
9. How many languages could Elizabeth I speak fluently? (five languages)
10. What was painted on the door of a house to tell everybody:
“The Plague is in the house”. (A large red cross was
painted on the door)
11. When did the great London fire begin? (In 1666)
IV. The game on line “The Fire of London”
The students are sitting at the computers and playing
the game, created by the Museum of London, in partnership with the National
Archives, London fire Brigade Museum, and the National Portrait Gallery.
V. Conclusion
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