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1 слайд
Politics in Britain
The political system
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2 слайд
The System of government
The United Kingdom is a
constitutional monarchy
and
parliamentary democracy
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The UK is constitutional monarchy.
This means that the official head of state is the monarch, but his or her powers are limited by the constitution.
The British constitution is not written in any single document. Only some of these rules are written down in the form of ordinary laws passed by Parliament at various times.
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Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the country.
It consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is
a parliamentary monarchy.
This means tat the power
of the British monarch is
limited by Parliament,
in other words, the monarch
reigns with the support
of Parliament. (The Queen
reigns but doesn’t rule.)
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The organs of government in the United Kingdom are
the legislature;
the executive power;
the judiciary.
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the legislature
the legislative power belongs to Parliament which consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
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Political parties
At present the main political groupings are the Conservative and Labour Parties and the Party of Liberal Democrats.
There are also some other parties: the Social Democratic Party, the Scottish National and Welsh National Parties, the Communist Party of Great Britain and other small parties.
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The Conservative Party
often called the
Tory Party,
started as Royalists in the 17th century.
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The Liberal Party
began its activities as anti-Royalists.
The Liberals represented the trading and manufacturing class in the 19th century.
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the executive power
Is realized by:
the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown;
Government departments;
local authorities, who administer and manage many services at the local level; and
statutory boards, which are responsible for the operation of particular nationalized industries or public services;
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The executive power of the Crown is exercised by the cabinet, headed by the prime minister.
The Cabinet is a committee of ministers
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Each member of the Cabinet is a minister
responsible for
a government department.
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Prime Minister
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
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Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Responsibility
Relations with other countries
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Secretary of State for the Home Department
Responsibility
Internal relations
The police
Law and order
Law courts
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The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister’s house – number 10 Downing street.
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the judiciary
determines common law and interprets statutes.
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