Пособие для студентов третьего курса

Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации

Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное

учреждение высшего образования

«Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения»

Факультет среднего профессионального образования

Хабаровский техникум железнодорожного транспорта

Дерябина А.С., Кружаева М.В., Мартысевич А.В.

Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов третьих курсов специальностей

27.02.03 «Автоматика и телемеханика на транспорте (на железнодорожном транспорте)», 08.02.10 «Строительство железных дорог, путь и путевое хозяйство», 23.02.01 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (по видам)», 13.02.07 «Электроснабжение (по отраслям)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (вагоны), 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (тепловозы и дизель-поезда)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (электроподвижной состав)», 11.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация транспортного радиоэлектронного оборудования (по видам транспорта)»

по дисциплине ОГСЭ. 03 Иностранный язык

Хабаровск

2021

Рецензент:

Преподаватель высшей категории факультета СПО-ХТЖТ Дальневосточного государственного университета путей сообщения Н.В. Балаганская.

Дерябина А.С., Кружаева М.В., Мартысевич А.В., Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов третьих курсов 27.02.03 «Автоматика и телемеханика на транспорте (на железнодорожном транспорте)», 08.02.10 «Строительство железных дорог, путь и путевое хозяйство», 23.02.01 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (по видам)», 13.02.07 «Электроснабжение (по отраслям)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (вагоны), 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (тепловозы и дизель-поезда)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (электроподвижной состав)», 11.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация транспортного радиоэлектронного оборудования (по видам транспорта)» по дисциплине ОГСЭ. 03 Иностранный язык / Дерябина А.С., Кружаева М.В., Мартысевич А.В. Хабаровск: Изд-во ДВГУПС, факультет СПО, 2021. – 109 с.

Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов третьих курсов по дисциплине ОГСЭ. 03 Иностранный язык предназначено для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов  третьего курса.

© ДВГУПС ФСПО-ХТЖТ, 2021

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Пояснительная записка………………………………………………………….4

Научно-технический прогресс………………………………………………….5

Профессии. Карьера……………………………………………………………..17

Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм…………………………………………...…25

Искусство и развлечения………………………...……………………………...36

Государственное устройство, правовые институты……………………..…….48

Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления………………………………………………………..…..66

Документы (письма, контракты)………………………………………………..94

Список литературы и информационных источников……………………..…109

Пояснительная записка

Учебно-методическое пособие по дисциплине ОГСЭ. 03 Иностранный язык предназначено для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов третьего курса специальностей 27.02.03 «Автоматика и телемеханика на транспорте (на железнодорожном транспорте)», 08.02.10 «Строительство железных дорог, путь и путевое хозяйство», 23.02.01 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (по видам)», 13.02.07 «Электроснабжение (по отраслям)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (вагоны), 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (тепловозы и дизель-поезда)», 23.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация подвижного состава железных дорог (электроподвижной состав)», 11.02.06 «Техническая эксплуатация транспортного радиоэлектронного оборудования (по видам транспорта)».

 Пособие содержит материал по темам, подобранным в соответствии с рабочей программой ФГОС по дисциплине.

Основная цель издания – обеспечить целесообразное и эффективное обучение, помочь преподавателю в организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов третьего курса.

Научно-технический прогресс (10 часов)

Тема 1. Научно-технический прогресс. Цели и задачи обучения, требования к знаниям и умениям. Вопросно/ответные упражнения. (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия проговариваются цели и задачи данного курса, требования к знаниям и умениям студентов третьего курса. Тематика вопросно/ответных упражнений – «Летние каникулы». Студентам предлагается ответить на вопросы или составить рассказ о проведенном лете по предлагаемым вопросам. Предварительно повторяются темы: порядок слов в английском предложении, прошедшее простое время.

Exercise 1. Write down the sentences using the right word order.

1.     Был/прошлым/я/море/на/летом/друзьями/с.

2.     Года/лето/время/любимое/мое.

3.     Отлично/я/в/июне/экзамены/сдал.

4.     Солнечная/и/хорошая/ все/была/лето/погода.

5.     Мои/вчера/на/с/диване/друзья/фотографии/смотрели/летние/отпуска.

Exercise 2. Write the sentences from the words paying attention to the right word order.

1.     To/the/August/we/last/went/summer/sea/in.

2.     Rains/it/hard/sometimes.

3.     Duties/various/include/my/activities.

4.     Is/very/work/responsible/railroad.

5.     Round the clock/they/conditions/and/work/in/any weather.

Exercise 3. Make up a story or answer the questions about summer holidays.

1.     Write about summer, general information about this season, months, weather;

2.     What did you do in summer? In June?

3.     How many exams did you have? What were they? How did your pass your exams?

4.     What did you do in July? Did you go somewhere? Where did you go?

5.     What did you do in August?

6.     What is your ideal summer?

7.     What will you do next summer?

Exercise 4. Write down and learn the words. Make up 10 sentences with these words.

1.     Favourite season – любимый сезон

2.     Practice, internship - производственная практика

3.     Pass exams – сдавать экзамены

4.     Go-went-gone – ездить, ходить

5.     Duty – обязанность

6.     Skill – навык, умение

7.     Medical commission – медицинская комиссия

8.     Railwayman, railroader – железнодорожник

9.     Responsible – ответственный

10. Spend summer holidays – провести летние каникулы

11. Round the clock – круглосуточно

12. Weather conditions – погодные условия

Тема 2. Научно-технический прогресс. Повторение темы: «Сложное дополнение». (2 часа)

В рамках данной темы повторяется грамматическая тема «Сложное дополнение» и выполняются задания на ее закрепление.

Таблица 1. Сложное дополнение – это сочетание существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже с инфинитивом или причастием I.

Лицо, совершающее действие		Местоимение в объектом падеже или существительное		Примеры
I He She It we you they Alice My mother	want(хотеть) expect(ожидать) believe (верить) know(знать) advise(советовать) consider(считать) allow(позволять) like(нравиться) find(находить)	me him her it us you them Alice my mother	to V(verb)	I want you to help me. I expect you to come in time.
I He She It we you they Alice My mother	see (видеть) watch (смотреть) notice(замечать) feel(чувствовать) hear(слышать)	me him her it us you them Alice my mother	V(verb)- подчеркивается факт действия V(ing)- подчеркивается процесс действия	I saw him enter the house. I saw him entering the house.
I He She It we you they Alice My mother	let (позволять) make (заставлять)	me him her it us you them Alice my mother	V(verb)	Don't let them play in the street. Don’t make me laugh.

Exercise 1. Open the brackets using the right form of the verb. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.     Young people would like their future work (to be) well paid.

2.     During the job interview they expect the applicant (to demonstrate) all his skills.

3.     Don’t let your child (to spend) hours in front of a computer screen.

4.     I advise you (to prepare) carefully for the interview.

5.     We want the work (to do) today.

6.     Good knowledge of English helps people (to operate) the computer better.

7.     I want you (to download) a new computer programme on my laptop.

8.     I expect the graduates (to look) for jobs.

9.     Everybody expects him (to make) a wonderful career as a railway man.

10. His father considered a computer operator (to be) the right choice of his son.

11.  Steven Jobs did not want the PC (to be) as intimidating to people as previous computers were, so he insisted that it (to include) features that were practical and attractive.

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English using Complex Object.

1.     Я слышала, что он решил сменить работу на более высокооплачиваемую.

2.     Он посоветовал мне купить новый компьютер.

3.     Моим родителям не нравится, когда я много времени провожу за компьютером.

4.     Учитель заставил нас выучить все компьютерные термины.

5.     Компьютерные технологии позволяют сделать процесс обучения более увлекательным.

6.     Я советую тебе не загружать бесплатную информацию из сети и не устанавливать новое программное обеспечение без проверки, чтобы избежать заражения компьютерными вирусами.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences using Complex Object and translate them into Russian.

1.     I heard my students (to discuss) something, but I couldn't catch the words.

2.     Have you ever watched the sun (to set)?

3.     She liked to see her son (to wash) the dishes after dinner.

4.     He heard somebody (to call) his name and turned round to see who it was.

5.     Nobody noticed the burglars (to enter) the house or heard any noise.

6.     I watched her (to walk) about the backyard looking for her cat. She didn’t notice it (to sit) in the tree.

7.     The girl was frightened hearing somebody (to climb) up the steps.

8.     Suddenly she felt someone (to pull) her by the sleeve.

Тема 3. Научно-технический прогресс. Повторение темы: «Страдательный залог». Лексика по теме: «Компьютер». (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия повторяется грамматическая тема «Страдательный залог» и выполняются задания на ее закрепление с использованием лексики по теме «Компьютер».

Exercise 1. Write down and learn the following words and word combinations. Pay attention to the translation of the sentences.

1.     Computer - компьютер

Computer is used to store information in the digital form.

PC is short for personal computer.

2.     Webcam - веб камера

Webcam is used to make a video call.

3.     Screen – экран, монитор

4.     Data - данные

Save the data in this document.

5.     Microphone - микрофон

6.     Escape key – клавиша выхода

Press the Escape key to exit.

7.     Spacebar – клавиша пробела

8.     Keyboard - клавиатура

There are a lot of keys on the keyboard.

9.     Mouse mat – коврик для мышки

Mouse mat helps to use a mouse.

10. Mouse - мышь

11. Memory stick - флешка

The document is saved on my memory stick.

12. Switch on (turn on)/ switch off/turn off – включить/выключить

Computer is switched on.

13. Enter the password – вводить пароль

It means to put a special word into the computer that only you know.

The special word you type into your computer that only you know is your password.

14. Log in(on)/ log out(log off) – входить/выходить

To log in the password must be entered.

15. Username - пользователь

16.  Store (keep) - хранить

You can store information on memory sticks, CD, DVD, hard disks (hard drive).

17. To copy -копировать

18. To paste – вставлять

19.  To print out – распечатать

My report is ready. It must be printed out.

20.  A laptop – ноутбук

A laptop is a small computer that you can carry around with you.

21.  software – программное обеспечение

Computer software that controls how different parts work together is the operating software.

22.  Hard drive/disk – жесткий диск

The part inside the computer that stores large amounts of information is the hard drive.

Exercise 2. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.

1.     CD                   A. system

2.     Memory           B. on

3.     Operating         C. key

4.     Hard                 D. software

5.     Log                   E. ROM

6.     Anti                  F. mat

7.     Mouse              G. copy

8.     Escape              H. stick

Exercise 3. Complete the words.

1.     Soft………

2.     Lap……….

3.     Key……….

4.     Space……..

5.     User………

6.     Pass……

Exercise 4. Before doing this exercise repeat the grammar theme “Passive Voice”. Open the brackets and use the right form of Passive Voice.

Do you have an iPad, iPhone, iPod, a smart watch or a Mac computer? Steve Jobs ... (to know) as a founder of a company Apple; these things … (to create) and  became an important part of the lives of millions of people. He … (to bear) on February, 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. When he was a boy, he was interested in a special hobby. The parts of televisions … (to take) by him and … (to put) them back together again. Grade 5 … (to skip) by him at school. High school … (to graduate) by him at the age of 17. The study at Reed College in Portland, Oregon … (to begin). After 6 months the study … (to drop) and he … (to quit). Some years … (to spend) in India learning about Buddhism. After returning to the USA, a job as a video game designer … (to find). When he was 21 years old “Apple Computer” company … (to create) by him and his friend, Steve Wozniak. In 1991 he … (to marry) and 4 children … (to bear). Cancer … (to discover) in 2003 and in 2011 he died at the age of only 56.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the sentences in Active Voice and make them into Passive Voice.

1.     We can divide computer into 3 main types depending on their size and power.

2.     When you turn off a computer it is a dead collection of metal, plastic.

3.     When did people invent the automatic computer?

4.     The Silicon Valley attracted thousands of businesses.

5.     We know the Silicon Valley as the technological capital of the world.

6.     Computer technology opens a variety of opportunities for people.

7.     When Wozniak designed the first model of the PC, he did not plan to market it to the general population.

8.     The Apple Computer Company sold their computers to thousands of American schools at discounted rates, thereby introducing their product into the homes of millions of students.

9.     Alexander Graham Bell originated the first telephone.

10. In 1890 John Loud created the first ballpoint pen.

11. C. Gillette designed the first disposable (одноразовый) razor blade.

12. A Frenchman Benedictus introduced the idea of making safety glass in 1903 after he discovered a chemical that held broken glass together.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1.     В России в 1990 году к сети Интернет были подключены всего тридцать организаций, главным образом, научных центров.

2.     В 2019 году 80 % населения России пользуются Интернетом.

3.     Смайлики были придуманы компьютерными фанатами, чтобы сделать сухой компьютерный язык более эмоциональным.

4.     Антивирусная программа должны быть установлена на компьютере, чтобы избежать заражения компьютерными вирусами.

5.     В слове хакер совмещаются два значения: одно негативное – взломщик, второе нейтральное – ас, мастер.

6.     Английский глагол to hack переводится на русский язык как взломать и починить.

7.     Когда был изобретен первый компьютер?

8.     Сегодня пенсионеров обучают работать на компьютере на специальных курсах бесплатно.

9.     Отпечатки пальцев, пароли используются для защиты информации на ваших электронных устройствах.

10.  Ему не разрешают долго сидеть за компьютером.

Тема 4. Научно-технический прогресс. Текст «Компьютер. Виндоуз», послетекстовые упражнения. (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия студенты совершенствуют навыки чтения, перевода, выполняют задания на понимание текста, тренируют лексику и навыки говорения. 

Text 1. Computers

Using a computer

After you have switched on (turned on) your computer, you may need to log in (opp. log out/off) with your username and enter your password (put a special word into the computer that only you know). If you then double-click on an icon (a small picture on the screen), you can open an application (email, Internet browser,etc.). Computers can store (keep) large amounts of information, but when you’re working it is important to back up the files you are working on (make an extra copy of the files; syn. make a backup), so you don’t lose the files if something goes wrong.

To create (make or start) a new document, select NEW from the file menu. You can copy and paste information from one file into another. If you save the document, you can print it out later (or you can get a hard copy/ a printout later. It is also important to save the document in case the computer crashes (suddenly stops working). Press the Escape key to exit (stop using an application).

Exercise 1. Tell if the sentences below are true or false. If the statement is false, correct it.

1.     You always need to log in and enter the password switching on the computer.

2.     It is important to back up the files you are working on not to lose the files if something goes wrong.

3.     You press the Escape key to switch off the computer.

4.     The double-click on the icon helps you to open an application.

5.     People can use a computer only for work.

6.     A hard copy means the same as a printout.

7.     If you do not have anti-virus on your computer, the computer can crash.

Exercise 2. FAQs (frequently asked questions)

1.     What is a computer?

2.     Do you have a PC or a laptop?

3.     What operating system do you use?

4.     What software applications do you run (use)?

5.     Do you have anti-virus software?

6.     What do you usually do on your computer?

7.     Does the computer help in your study? How does it help you?

8.     What parts of hardware do you have?

9.     What are the advantages and disadvantages of a computer?

Тема 5. Научно-технический прогресс. Текст «Интернет», задания по тексту. (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия студенты «бороздят» интернет-терминологию и узнают кем, где и когда было придумано это величайшее изобретение человечества. Доступность информации и возможностей, которые даёт интернет, сделали его неотъемлемой частью жизни каждого из нас. Также студенты обсудят отрицательные стороны интернета, такие как: доступность запрещённых сайтов, спам, бессонница, отсутствие общения вживую и интернет-зависимость. В завершение занятия с помощью простого теста учащиеся смогут определить, зависимы они от интернета или нет.

Exercise 1. Write down and learn  the following words and word combinations.

1.     surf the net

2.     an internet browser

3.     a search engine

4.     social networks

5.     download and upload

6.      online

7.      forums, e-mails, chat

8.     digital

9.     conduct banking transactions

10.  to develop

Exercise 2. Read and translate the texts.

Text 1

The Internet is a large network of computers all over the planet except some remote places, for example, The South Pole. The things that you send on the Internet are called digital information and they are made up of ones and zeros. Computers and computer programs translate the ones and zeros, so that you could see, hear and use the information. Let’s learn how we can use the Internet to gather information and communicate with distant users.

1. Internet is a vast library of information. We can search for information on various topics. The Internet is explored, which is more commonly referred to as surfing. Finding information on the Internet is achieved by using a search engine (e.g. Google, Yahoo or Yandex). Files, pictures, songs, and video can be shared downloading (receiving) and uploading (sending).

2. The Internet is also used for communicating with others through social networks (Facebook, VK, Instagram, Twitter), online games, forums, e-mails, chat or IM (Instant Messenger - Skype, for example).

3. We can conduct banking transactions on the computer without having to visit the bank.

4. We can buy different goods without spending a lot of time visiting the market.

5. There is a great possibility to earn while working from home.

Text 2

But how did the internet get to where it is today?

There is so much in the internet history. The Internet got its start over 50 years ago, and computers back then filled up the entire rooms. Scientists and researchers used it for years to communicate during the Cold War. It was useful because if one of the computers went down the other wouldn’t follow. In 1962 a scientist J.C.R. Licklider proposed the idea of a network of computers that can talk to one another.

In 1969 a first ever message was sent from computer to another over the ARPAnet – the government’s computer at that time. ARPAnet stands for The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. By the end of the year only four computers were connected to this network. In 1971 the university of Hawaii was added, followed by various networks in London, and Norway two years later. The same year Ray Tomlinson was developing the system to send mail back and forth between the users of the ARPAnet. This was called the electronic mail or e-mail for short. The @ (at) symbol was used to tell a person’s name. Vinton Cerf invented a way to introduce computers to each other in a virtual space. In 1991 a computer programmer Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web. It wasn’t just a way of data-sharing for scientists. It was accessible to everybody who had Internet connection. In 1992 the first browser – Erwise was created and later on the others were introduced.

Nowadays the Internet is always available for you to use, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. You don't have to wait for it to open or wait for someone to make it available. It is just there, when you need it and for whatever you need. Moreover, users of any age and condition can access it.

Text 3

But what are the negative effects of the Internet?

1. Laziness

There are so many people, who spend many hours, even all day on the Internet. They play games, read books, or visit their favorite websites without caring to study or work. Many students even drop out of school. They are getting lazier.

2. Adult content

There are many good and bad things (available) on the Internet, that a child might find. For example, 18+ information. Such content might affect children’s physical and psychological condition.

3. Lacking Face to Face Communication

Through social networks, students can make friends in any part of the world. Just sitting alone at home, students can talk and share their joys and sorrows with others in a very long distance, or simply chat with their classmates. They have less time for the old relationship and little opportunity to meet in real life to play or eat. They feel shy to talk to others, face to face.

4. Insomnia

Because of the Internet, many students have less time to sleep. They play games or chat with their friends late at night. It is hard to go to bed on time, while being on the Internet. Some people even can’t sleep at all. If this situation continues for a long time, it can lead to insomnia.

5. Lacking Creativity

They would rather search things on the Internet or simply google them, instead of getting to learn things by themselves. Therefore, the ability of thinking and creating are limited. They just search on the Internet to find the information they need without working their minds. Also, often information is inaccurate or outdated.

6. Spam

Email is a wonderful service, but the down side of it is endless spam. Spam is another word for 'unsolicited email' that fills up your inbox.

7. Addiction

There are many people who are becoming 'addicted' to the Internet. Every spare moment they have is spent online. Families often break up and people lose their jobs because of this problem.

Text 4.

Who put @ in your email?

In English it is called simply “at” but other languages have more interesting names. In South Africa if is “monkey’s tail”; in Denmark it is often “pig’s tail”; in France it is sometimes “little snail”; in Greece it is “little duck”; in Hungary it is “worm”; in Poland it is sometimes “monkey”; in Russia it is usually “little dog”; in Sweden it is “elephant’s trunk” and Turkish emailers call it simply “ear”.  

Today we talk to Ray Tomlinson, the man who invented @ and email.

Q: When and why did you invent email?

It was in 1971 and I am not sure there was a real reason for inventing it. It was a fun thing to try out and probably took four or six hours to do. I can't remember exactly howling it took. Less than a day, spread over a week or two.

Q: How do you feel about spam and viruses?

I get annoyed when I get spam. It's a tough problem but we’re going to solve it. So far the solutions aren't working – they either filter too much or not enough. We must find a better way to stop spam. Viruses are another problem and you usually get them from an email attachment or a downloaded app or file. For example, an ISP could throw away all emails with attachments, but then email wouldn't be any use. We’ll have to find the solution.

Q: Does it bother you that you’re not a household name – that most people don't know what you’ve done?

No, it doesn't bother me. Computer nerds know that I've done it. I get emails from people who say “What you did is great. Why don't you do something about spam? It's a kind of nice that some people are interested in what I did – but it's not the centre of my life.

Exercise 3 (text 4). Are these sentences below true, false or no information? Correct the false sentences.

1.     Ray Tomlinson said he had invented the computer in 1971.

2.     He said it was easy to invent email.

3.     He told the interviewer that email was a tough problem.

4.     He said that they were going to solve the problem of spam.

5.     He said that solutions to spam were working.

6.     He told the interviewer that he got lots of emails.

7.     He said computer nerds didn't know that he had invented email.

8.     Emails to Ray said what he had done was great.

9.     Ray said it was nice that no one was interested in what he had done.

Exercise 4. Answer the questions:

1.     Do you like surfing the Internet? What sites do you usually visit?

2.     How much time do you spend surfing the Internet?

3.     Pluses and minuses of the Internet, what are they?

4.     How does the Internet affect our lives in future?

5.     How would your life be different without the Internet?

6.      How did the internet get to where it is today?

Exercise 5.  Test yourself “Are you Internet addicted?”

The following simple test will help us to find out.

1. Which names, do you think are good for children?

a) Andrew and Mary b) Bill Gates IV c) Yahoo and Mozilla

2. Which expression is correct?

a) Have a nice day! b) Have a *nice* day! c) HAND

3. The first thing you do when you wake up is:

a) check the fridge b) visit the bathroom c) check your e-mail (chats/whatsApp/telegram)

4. To avoid a virus you should:

a) stay away from people who sneeze and cough b) never read E-mails titled “Good News” c) use virus scanning software

5. When you want to buy something hard-to-find you:

a) look through the advertisements in the newspapers b) ask friends where to get it c) go to Google!

6. When you don’t know how to use a new gadget you:

a) ask the shop assistant b) call to manufacture’s service center c) go to manufacture’s Website and look for FAQ

7. You correct errors using:

a) an eraser b) white-out c) backspace or delete

8.  When you are interested in someone you say:

a) Tell me more about yourself        b) What’s your star sign? c) What’s your Profile?

9. When you need to write a letter you:

a) take a pen and a paper b) go to the post office c) ask: What’s a letter? Is it like E-mail?

10. When you need information for your report or project you:

a) go to the library b) open electronic Encyclopedia in the computer c) go to www. google. com

Now score your results.

Give yourself zero points for each “a” response, five for each “b” and 10 for each “c”.

If you scored 100, unplug your computer and get more hours in real life.

If you scored between 31 and 99, you are living a good mix of Net and reality.

If you scored under 30, you probably didn’t read this far.

Surely, without the Internet we wouldn’t be able to access the information in seconds. We wouldn’t be able to communicate with people from around the world, share ideas or educate those who might not get a chance elsewhere.

But we should always remember about the downside of the Internet.

Профессии. Карьера. (8 часов)

Тема 1. Профессии, карьера. Повторение темы: «Типы предложений (условные, сложноподчиненные, сложносочиненные). (2 часа)

В рамках данной темы повторяется грамматическая тема «Типы предложений (условные, сложноподчиненные, сложносочиненные)», выполняются упражнения по теме.

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the right form. Mind the theme «Conditional sentences»:

1.     If you (correspond) your needs to your abilities, you (make) right decision.

2.     If I (be) you I (advice) with the adults to choose decision.

3.     If you (not be quick) you (be late).

4.     If you (come) earlier, my time (not be spoiled) in vanity.

5.     If I (compare) these two possibilities properly I (manage) to make right decision.

6.     If we (work) hard, we (get) good results.

7.     If there (be) necessity to overdo this report, I (do) it.

8.     If I (be) you I (think) over the career growth.

9.     Until you (finish) this report you (not go) anywhere.

10. If you (come) earlier, you (listen) to all necessary information.

11. If you (not store) information on the computer, you (rewrite) the documents.

12. If you (be) more organized, you (not be late) for our meeting.

13. If my boss (sign) all documents to day I (send) them on time.

14. If you (have) a good rest yesterday, you (not feel) emotional outburst.

15. If you (create) favourable impression you (get) this job.

16. If I (be) you, I (remain) here.

Exercise 2. Make from 2 sentences one sentence using who, that, which:

1.        A person is standing next to me. It is our computer programmer.

2.        There is a book on the table. It tells about businessmen career.

3.        He is a doctor. He is worth to be spoken about.

4.        A policeman stopped our car. He wasn’t very friendly.

5.        A person is not good at math and physics. He can’t be a good engineer.

6.        I know a woman. She is a respectful teacher.

7.        What’s the name of the profession? It deals with figures.

8.        A calculator is a machine. The machine helps bookkeepers.

9.        Our confectioner baked some cakes. Have you tasted them?

10.   Our banker gave you some money. Where is it?

11.   A person likes interviewing people. He is a journalist.

12.   We met some people. They were scientists.

13.   The artists depict their pictures. Their pictures are displayed in the Art Gallery.

14.   Linda is talking with a woman. The woman is an actress.

15.   John works in a factory. The factory is the biggest in town.

Exercise 3. Fill the gaps the following words with the sentences: since, even if, who, before, while, when, as though, that, wherever, after, and, so that, as soon as, if, that.

1.     My veterinarian looks after my dog. …I am away.

2.     … the curtain accidentally fell during her speech, the actress forgot her lines.

3.     A statue … was made by the sculptor Rodin is on display at the museum.

4.     … the commander in chief rode in the parade, he gave a speech. 

5.      She does not know… he becomes a doctor.

6.      Many brave soldiers fought in the war … they received medals.

7.     Peter is a famous baseball player … lives in a beautiful house in Miami.

8.     …the scientists get off the train, we will see them in real.

9.     …the surgeons were early, they were asked to wait.

10.  The scientists believed… the statement may be true only from the theoretical perspectives.

11.  The banker cancelled his meeting….he can show correct calculations.

12.  This actor troupe was welcomed…this troupe went.

13.  Our boss devotes us time … he is busy.

14. Regional directors are invited to participate … they are in New York.

15.  It feels…my daughter becomes a dentist.

Тема 2. Профессии, карьера. Лексика по теме: «Профессии». Предтекстовые упражнения. (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Match the words:

a)     an office-worker                                 treats people

b)    an engineer                                         is involved in financial affaires

c)     an economist                                      writes articles

d)    a doctor                                              depicts pictures

e)     a businessman                                    deals with numbers

f)      a teacher                                             invents devices

g)    a journalist                                         does work in the office

h)    an artist                                              works with children

i)       a computer programmer                    copes with software programmes

Exercise 2. Match the names of professions with the pictures:

mechanic, chemist, account, vet, lawyer, hairdresser, decorator, make-up designer, interpreter, chef, librarian, shoemaker, electrician, carpenter, tailor.

1.        2.

3.      4.

5.     6.

7.     8.   

9.    10.      

11.      12.

13.    14. 

15.      

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

a.      fireman                                                                  f. marketing specialists b.     network security professionals                             g. cosmetologists                 c.      salespeople                                                           h. lawyers d.     mechanics                                                            i. computer engineers e.      accounts                                                               j. artists

1.     … on average hear “no’ four to five times before making a sale to a customer.

2.     …..should enjoy working with people because they are representing their legal interests.

3.     Many little boys dream of becoming….when they grow up.

4.     Not everyone working at your local makeup counter is a licensed…. . Most are just sales people.

5.     The industries of chemicals, energy, healthcare, financial services, business services and government are hiring the largest number of…. at present.

6.     Years ago advertising agencies hired professionally trained….. to produce graphics for their magazines and newspaper ads.

7.     Some of the most popular career choices for…. are auto, industrial, diesel and aircraft mechanics.

8.     College main subjects for …. include computer science, mathematics or software engineering.

9.     When a company can’t figure out how to connect what they do to people around them, …. help get people excited about its products and services.

10.  A small company may have  one or two …. employed, while a large firm may have a vast team of…. working in different divisions or branches.

Exercise 4. Say what these people were:

1.     Shakespeare, Nabokov, Tolstoy

2.     Einstein, Sakharov, Kurchatov

3.     Kennedy, Eltsin, Washington

4.     Elvis Presley, John Lennon, Kirkorov

5.     Sherlock Holmes, Puaro, Kolombo

6.     Admiral Nelson, Admiral Ushakov

7.     Valery Chkalov, Polina Osipenko

8.     Leonel Messi, Maradonna, Akinpheev

9.     Ovechkin, Malkin, Tretyak

10.  Pavlov, Pirogov, Roshal

Exercise 5. Add suffixes to the following words and write the names of professions:

1.        build (строитель)

2.        music (музыкант)

3.        employ (служащий)

4.        history (историк)

5.        biology (биолог)

6.        invent (изобретатель)

7.        account (бухгалтер)

Exercise 6. Fill the gaps with the following words: a job, work, an occupation, a profession, a career.

Mind!           A career means a job or profession which one trains for and follows as his life’s work;

Job means regular paid position or a piece of work;

Occupation means a type of work, job;

Profession means a form of employment that is respected in society and is possible after many years of training;

Work means to be active or use effort or power; to be employed.

1.        My last… was connected with a computer firm.

2.        He finally got a … in a supermarket.

3.        Will you go back to… when you have a baby.

4.        I started … when I was 10.

5.        State your name, age,… in the box below.

6.        The legal … is a doctor.

7.        I’m interested in a … in TV.

8.        His … is more important to him than his family.

Тема 3. Профессии, карьера. Текст: «Выбор профессии». (2 часа)

HOW TO CHOOSE FUTURE PROFESSION?

An Important Decision

Choosing a future profession is one of the most important decisions in a person’s life. If you spend eight hours a day five times a week at the place you hate, your whole life can be spoilt only because of your job.

So, it is a question of satisfaction with the career. Besides, a future income depends on the type of work a person will do. It should be enough to correspond to his needs and ambitions.

How to Make a Right Choice?

Those people who manage to choose a prosperous and satisfying career are lucky. But most young people are not quick in making a right decision because they do not have enough life experience.

First, estimate your own abilities and talents. Most likely, your favourite subjects at school or your hobbies will build up a strong basis for your future professional field.

Secondly, it is good to ask for advice from working professionals and visiting them at work. Try to visit different places, compare what you see, analyse if it your cup of tea or not. Moreover, parents and teachers are always ready to help, ask them.

Finally, look inside yourself. See how ambitious you are, what kind of character and temper you have, what your tempo of life is. Your future job should be corresponding to your nature.

Popular Professions among the Modern School-leavers

Professional preferences of school-leavers change from generation to generation. Scientific progress, fashion and economic situation in the country play a great role in choosing definite professions.

Modern teenagers want to be engineers, policemen, doctors, lawyers. Among the least popular are scientists, teachers, and artists.

Vocabulary

1.     Important – важный

2.     Decision – решение

3.     to spend – проводить

4.     to hate – ненавидеть

5.     to be spoiled – быть потраченным, потерянным

6.     satisfaction – удовлетворение

7.     career – карьера

8.     income – доход

9.     to depend on – зависеть от

10. to correspond – соответствовать

11. to estimate abilities – оценить способности

12. to compare with – сравнивать с

13. moreover – более того

14. to manage – управлять, уметь

15. school-leaver – выпускник школы

16. to be good at – хорошо успевать по

17. to cope with – справляться с

18. to get into a habit of doing smth – приобрести привычку делать что-либо

19. major – главный, основной

20. goal – цель

21. achievement – достижение

22. prospect – перспектива

23. relevant – соответствующий

24. career growth – карьерный рост

25. to create – создавать

26. to be involved in – быть включенным в…

27. to be related to – быть связанным с…

28. introspection– самонаблюдение

29. to make an attempt – сделать попытку

30. to dedicate one’s life to – посвятить жизнь чему-то…

Exercise 1. Make the sentences from the vocabulary as much as you can.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1.   Is it important to correspond your needs and abilities to your future profession? Why?

2.   Can your favorite school subjects or hobbies be a basis for your future profession?

3.   Can scientific progress or our social life conditions influence our choice of profession?

4.   What factor will be important in choosing profession for you?

Тема 4. Профессии, карьера. Составление рассказа «Моя будущая профессия». (2 часа)

Describe your future profession or your dream profession. The following questions will help you as well as the vocabulary of the previous lessons. (10-15 sentences)

1.   How long have you been interested in this profession?

2.   What does this specialist do?

3.   Where does he or she work?

4.   What education or skills are required?

5.   How do you prepare for this career?

6.   What are the advantages or disadvantages of this profession?

7.   What are the jobs within this profession?

8.        Will your job be highly-paid?

9.        Should this profession be according to your heart calling?

10.    Are you ready to devote your free time to master your skills?

Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм. (8 часов)

Тема 1. Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм. Повторение прошедшего длительного времени. Лексика по теме: «Отдых. Путешествия». (2 часа)

В рамках данной темы повторяется грамматика «Прошедшее длительное время», выполняются упражнения на закрепление темы и лексика по тематике «Путешествия».

Exercise 1. Read, write down and learn the words:

1. travelling / travel — путешествие
2. to be fond of travelling — любить путешествовать
3. journey — длительное путешествие (по суше)
4. trip/ school trip — поездка (короткая)/ экскурсия
5. two-day trip — двухдневная поездка
6. tour — поездка/ тур
7. package tour — путешествие по тур. путевке
8. to buy a package tour — купить тур. путевку
9. cruise [kru:z] — круиз
10. voyage [`voɪəʤ] — путешествие по морю
11. to drive/ go for a drive — ездить на машине/ прокатиться
12. flight — полет/ рейс
13. hitchhike — путешествие автостопом
14. to go hitchhiking — отправиться в путешествие автостопом
15. to go on a journey / cruise/school trip — отправиться в путешествие/ круиз/ на экскурсию
16. travel agency — туристическое агентство
17. to travel (go) abroad — путешествовать (ехать) за границу
18. to get to — добраться 
19. to arrive in/ at — прибыть в (большой/ небольшой) город
20. stay in a hotel — остановиться в отеле
21. destination — место назначения (конечная цель)
22. single (return) ticket — билет в один конец (туда-обратно)
23. to book tickets — заказать билеты
24. luggage (baggage) — багаж
25. suitcase — чемодан
26. rucksack (backpack) — рюкзак (туристический рюкзак)
27. bag/ hand bag — сумка
28. porter — носильщик
29. lost and found office — бюро находок
30. left luggage office (check room) — камера хранения
31. information desk — справочное бюро
32. to pack bags (luggage) — упаковывать сумки (багаж)
33. to change to — пересаживаться на
34. to see smb off — провожать кого-либо

II. Travelling by Air (Plane):

1.   at the airport — в аэропорту

2.   to arrive (at the airport) — прибывать (в аэропорт)

3.   arrival — прибытие

4.   to depart — отправляться

5.   departure — отправление

6.   boarding — посадка

7.   boarding card — посадочный талон

8.   to announce — объявлять

9.   to take off — взлетать

10.                      to land — приземляться

11.                      gate — выход к самолету

12.                      customs — таможня

13.                      to go through the customs — проходить таможню

14.                      duty-free — без пошлин

15.                      to declare — декларировать

16.                      passport control — паспортный контроль

17.                      to go through the pasport control — проходить таможню

18.                      to travel light — путешествовать налегке

19.                      excess weight — превышение веса

20.                      hand luggage — ручная кладь

21.                      to check luggage (check in) — сдать вещи в багаж

22.                      luggage receipt — багажная квитанция

23.                      tag — бирка, прикрепленная к чемодану

24.                      to board a plane — садиться на самолет

25.                      captain [`kæptin] — командир корабля

26.                      pilot — пилот

27.                      flight attendant — стюардесса (стюард)

28.                      seat — место

29.                      aisle [ail] — проход между рядами

30.                      emergency exit — запасной выход

31.                      life jacket — спасательный жилет

32.                      oxygen mask — кислородная маска

33.                      seat (safety) belt — ремень безопасности

34.                       food tray — поднос, столик для еды

III. Travelling by Train:

1.     railway station — ж/д. станция: at the station — на станции

2.      platform — платформа

3.      carriage (car) — вагон

4.     compartment — купе

5.     ticket collector –контролер

6.     to go off — отходить (о поезде)

7.     to go from platform … — отходить от платформы

8.     to board a train – садиться на поезд

9.     to change trains/make a changing – делать пересадку

10. a through train – прямой поезд, который довозит до места назначения без пересадки

11.  a passenger train – пассажирский поезд

12. a goods train – товарный поезд

13.  to carry – перевозить

14. a fast train – скорый поезд

15. a long-distance train – поезд дальнего следования

16. a suburban train – пригородный поезд

17. an electric train – электричка

18. A guard – проводник

19. Sleeping accommodation – условия для сна

20. Sitting accommodation – места для сидения

VI. Travelling. Collocations (устойчивые сочетания):

1.     to make a reservation — забронировать место в гостинице

2.      to miss a plane/ a train — опоздать на самолет/ на поезд

3.      to get on a train/ a bus — сесть на поезд/ на автобус

4.      to get off a train/ a bus — сойти с поезда/ автобуса

5.      to get into/ out of a car — сесть / выйти из машины

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Past Simple or Past Progressive Tense.

1.        Last year we (travel) around our country.

2.        My parents (make) a voyage this time last year.

3.        What trip Nick (make) last month?

4.        All our vacation we (have) excellent time.

5.        During our travel we (get) acquainted with interesting people.

6.        When we (come) to our hotel our guide already (wait) for us.

7.        What season ... Mike (go) Chech?

8.        My father (prefer) to travel light last journey.

9.        The pilot (announce) that we (land) on.

10.   We (spend) 4 hours waiting our turn in passport control.

11.    Our fellow travellers (check) luggage very slowly I could hardly stand it.

12.    In our previous sea voyage there (be) many life jackets in the ship.

13.  When a flight attendant (enter) we (smoke) next to an emergency exit.

14.  Two years ago my friends (contact) to a professional travel agency.

15.  When they (come) to the railway station their train (go) off.

16.  Last our train journey there (not be) smoking compartments.

17.  When my husband (come) I (book) tickets on line yesterday.

18.  Last year we (forget) to reserve a place in the hotel where we (like) staying.

19.  Yesterday at last we (arrive) to the airport on time.

20. Last year my brother and his friends (hitchhike) all summer.

21. The aisles (be) full of luggage but it (be) forbidden.

22. Our last train trip (be) tiresome.

23. The porter (talk) with his partner and (not) pay attention to us.

24.  Our boarding (begin) very late.

25. When we (get) off our train it (be) dark.

26.  A ticket collector (check) the tickets and (not notice) gatecrasheres (enter) a carriage.

27.  Last year my grandparents (go) abroad.

28.  Our train departure (be) delayed many times in our last trip.

29.  Last journey we (have) to change to another train.

30.  Five years ago my family (buy) one way ticket to America.

Тема 2. Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм. Повторение темы: «Инфинитив». Диалоги по теме: «Отдых. Путешествия». (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Read dialogues translate and play them.

Dialogue 1.  

Agent : Good afternoon, where are you flying to?

Passenger: Good afternoon. I am flying to San Francisco.

Agent : Do you have your tickets?

Passenger: Here is my ticket.

Agent : How many people are travelling?

Passenger: It’s my son and I, he is under two years old.

Agent : Can I have your passports and I will need to see his birth certificate to prove that he is under two years of age.

Passenger: Sure. Here they are.

Agent : Would you like a window or an aisle seat?

Passenger: I would be very happy If we can get an aisle seat. I may have to walk him around if he gets bored.

Agent : Alright, I’ll put you near the restrooms too.

Passenger: Wonderful, thanks. Is it possible to check in the stroller?

Agent : Sure, are you checking in any bags?

Passenger: Yes, this suitcase and my backpack.

Agent : Let’s put them on the scale, one at a time, please.

Passenger: Sure. And by the way, I have a layover in London. Do I have to pick up my luggage there?

Agent : No, you will pick them up in San Francisco. Here is your boarding pass. You are all set. Be at the gate at least 45 minutes prior to the departure time.

Passenger: Thank you for your help, have a good day.

Agent : Thank you, have a nice flight.

Dialogue 2.  

Customs official: Good morning. Do you have anything to declare?

Passenger: I’m not sure. I have two bottles of whiskey. Do I need to declare that?

Customs official: No, you can have up to 2 quarts.

Passenger: Great.

Customs official: Have you brought any food into the country?

Passenger: Just some cheese I bought in France.

Customs official: I’m afraid I’ll have to take that.

Passenger: Why? It’s just some cheese.

Customs official: Unfortunately, you are not allowed to bring cheese into the country. I’m sorry.

Passenger: OK. Here you are.

Customs official: Thank you. Anything else?

Passenger: I bought a T-shirt for my daughter.

Customs official: That’s fine. Have a nice day.

Passenger: You, too.

Dialogue 3.  

Passenger: What flight to Boston have you got?

Agent: There are 2 flights a week on Tuesday and on Friday.

Passenger: What time?

Agent: At 11.30 every Tuesday and at 8.30 every Friday.

Passenger: How much is the tourist class ticket?

Agent: A single ticket  is 50 dollars and a return ticket is 110.

Passenger: I want one single tourist class ticket for Tuesday, please.

Agent: You are welcome.

Dialogue 4.

Guest: Hello. Do you speak English?

Receptionist: Sure. Can I help you?

Guest: Yes, I am looking for a double room for the next three nights. Have you got one available?

Receptionist: Just a moment. I”ll see.

Guest: And that’s with a bathroom, is it?

Receptionist: All rooms have private bathrooms, madam.

Guest: And how much is it per night?

Receptionist: 130 euro per night, madam.

Guest: O.K. The charge is quite acceptable.

Receptionist:  Then fill in the form, please.

Dialogue 5.

-         What are you doing at the weekend?

-         I have not thought of it yet. Do you have any suggestions?

-         Yes, we are going to the Redwood National Park. Will you go with us?

-         But where is it situated?

-         Don’t you know? It is the most famous place in San Francisco. This park is the greatest place I have ever seen in my life!

-         Oh, really! What is famous for?

-         There is a park of trees. There are the oldest and the tallest trees on the earth in this Park.

-         It sounds interesting.

-         Yes, there are some redwoods over 2000 years old. Some are 300 feet (91 m.) tall. More than that, there is a tunnel cut into a tree and we can drive  through this tunnel. I think it will be unforgettable.

-         Yes, you are right. I think it will be a very interesting journey. But how long are we going to be there?

-         The whole day I suppose

-         And what about the dinner then?

-         Well, we can have a picnic in the park.

Dialogue 6.

-         Hi! I haven’t seen you for a long time! Where have you been?

-         I was in America at my sister’s.

-         Did you? What city does she live in?

-         She lives in Washington. It is a very beautiful city. The capital of the United States.

-         How long has your sister been living there?

-         About three years.

-         Did you see the White House?

-         Certainly! It is a really white and very beautiful building. I went there on excursion.

-         Have you seen the President?

-         Of course, not. He wasn’t there.

-         What about his room? Have you seen it?

-         Oh, yes! It was very interesting to be there. And there is a big table in the room. You know, I went to the President’s balcony and watched the city. It was great! And there is a large garden around the House.  The grass is green and so beautiful.

-         I’ve heard that the Washington Monument is wonderful too.

-         Yes, it is. I liked it very much. There are lots of lights around the monument in the evening. It looks marvelous!

-         What else did you see there?

-         I have seen lots of interesting places there. The city is really wonderful. It is green, beautiful and clean. There are many parks in the city. Buildings are not as high as in New York, for example, because it’s not allowed to build houses higher than the Capitol. What else? We also visited some museums and famous places in the city, went to the restaurants and bars. The food is delicious and the people are so friendly and communicative. I like them more then the Moscow people. Oh, I haven’t said yet! I saw the President’s pen in the White House. It was the golden sign: “The President of the United State of America”. The President uses the pen to sign the very important political documents.

Dialogue 7.

-         Receptionist: Good morning, sir! Could I help you?

-         Guest: I’d like to check out now. My name is Mr. Green and I was in room 420.

-         Receptionist: Just a moment, please, sir. Did you make any phone calls from your room?

-         Guest: Yes.

-         Receptionist: How many did you make?

-         Guest:  I don’t know exactly.

-         Receptionist: You made 4 phone calls. Would you pay 50 euro?

-         Guest: Sure

-         Receptionist: Thank you.

Exercise 2. Choose the proper variant.

1.     You should to book/ book tickets beforehand.

2.     We are told not to speak loudly/ speak loudly in a museum.

3.     We are allowed to declare/declare 1000 euro.

4.     He doesn’t want to check luggage/check luggage.

5.     It’s forbidden for me to hitchhike/ hitchhike.

6.     You have to ask for/ ask for information the information desk.

7.     I can’t stand to visit/visit duty free shops in the airport.

8.     Every pilot should manage to land/land a plane in any weather condition.

9.     Flight attendants are able to provide/provide the first medical assistance.

10.  We mustn’t to loose/loose the luggage receipt.

11.  Our plane is to take off/take off on time.

12. The parents made me to listen/listen the safety rules carefully in plane.

13.  Everybody ought to pay/pay for excess weight.

14.  Every ship crew should to have/have lifeboats.

15. Our trip is difficult to describe/describe.

16.  The hotel administrator should to speak/speak a foreigner language fluently.

17.  I am supposed to buy/ buy a single trip ticket.

18.  The flights are supposed to be announced/be announced regularly.

19. An emergency exit should to be/be in any hotel.

20. It’s impossible to slip/slip in a train without noticing by a ticket collector.

21. It’s impossible for them to be late/be late for their flight.

22.  Every train should to have/have smoking and non-smoking compartments.

23.   The passengers dare not to block/block the aisles.

24.  Our last trip is hardly to forget/forget.

25. My parents prefer to travel/travel light.

26.  Our food trays have to be/be cleaned.

27. The flight attendants are believed to help to put on/put on the oxygen masks.

28.  It’s pity to see off/see off friends.

29.  I have never been able to pack/pack the luggage.

30.  Our backpack is heavy to carry/carry.

Тема 3. Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм. Работа с текстом: «Путешествия». (2 часа)

                                      Vocabulary

1.        activity holiday                                активный отдых

2.        adventure holiday                           захватывающий отдых

3.        break                                                перерыв

4.        escape                                               побег, убежать

5.        excursion                                         экскурсия

6.        farm stay                                         пребывание на ферме

7.        fly-drive                                           летать

8.        gap year                                          академический год

9.        getaway                                           выбираться

10.   holiday (hol)                                   каникулы

11.   honeymoon                                    медовый месяц

12.   house swap                                    обмен домами

13.   jeep safari                                      джип-сафари

14.   lecture tour                                    лекционный тур

15.   minibreak                                      небольшой отдых

16.   package deal                                  комплексный отдых

17.   safari holiday                                праздник сафари

18.   self-catering                                   самообслуживание

19.   self-drive                                        вождение без сопровождения

20.   special interest holiday                 отдых по интересам

21.   staycation                                       отдых

22.   summer camp                                летний лагерь

23.   vacation                                          отпуск

24.   walking tour                                   пеший тур

25.   working holiday                             праздники на работе

Exercise 1. Match the definition from the above written words.

-         A type of organized holiday in which people do new and exciting things.

-         A holiday on which you spend your time doing a particular activity such as walking, canoeing, rock-climbing, painting or cooking.

-         A journey especially in Africa in order to watch, take pictures, hunt wild animals.

-         An arrangement where two families exchange houses for holidays.

-         One where you drive to the place where you will stay instead of taking a train or a plane.

-         A year usually between finishing school and starting university or college when you travel or work.

-         Including a flight on a plane and hire of a car when you arrive somewhere.

-         A holiday arranged for people with particular interests, such as painting, cooking or bird-watching.

-         A holiday during which work, for example doing unpaid work to benefit the community in which you are staying.

-         A very short holiday in which you go to a place and come back on the same day.

Exercise 2. Do the quiz in pairs, mark the statements as True, False, Don’t know. Check your answers in the article below.

STATEMENTS	TRUE	FALSE	DON’T KNOW
Tourism is travelling to another destination for the purpose of recreation and leisure.
Any foreigner abroad may be called a tourist.
There is no difference between a tourist and a traveler.
Domestic tourism involves residents travelling only within their country.
Inbound (прибывающий) tourism implies non-residents travelling within another country.
Alphatourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
Ecotourism is one of the modern trends in travelling.

                                               Tourism

Tourism is travelling to another destination for the purposes of recreation, leisure or business. A person who travels to a destination and stays outside of where they usually live for more than 24 hours but less people differentiate “than one year is considered as a tourist by the World Tourism Organization. Some people differentiate “a tourist” from “a traveler”. A tourist carries a camera, guidebook or a map at all times and wears the same clothing as at home. Tourists tend to stay in their comfort zones, they may speak only their native language instead of trying to learn phrases in the local language, stick to major cities instead of taking risk of visiting smaller towns. A traveler may try to explore the less-traveled areas and explore locations where tourism doesn’t drive the economy. Such people interact with locals. Their goals for a trip are to learn and experience new things, rather than to take a relaxing break from everyday life. A traveler may consider a trip or a journey rather than a vacation.

The type of tourism depends on the reason of travel. Destinations may be domestic or international.

Domestic tourism involves residents travelling only within their country.

Inbound (прибывающий) and outbound (убывающий) tourism are referred to as types of international tourism. Inbound tourism implies non-residents travelling a country.

Outbound tourism presupposes that residents travel within another country.

There are also many other types of tourism according to their “niche” or specialty travel category. Among them there are adventure tourism, agritourism, culinary tourism, health tourism, sports tourism, wildlife tourism and many others. There exist extraordinary types of tourism such as alphatourism, when a tourist finds the first street alphabetically on a map, and the last street alphabetically, draws a straight line (or any other figure they desire) between them, and walks the path between the two points.

One of the modern trends in travelling is ecotourism which is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people”. Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities and sustainable travel.

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the text, vocabulary.

1.   John is not a risk-taker, while travelling he prefers to stay in his…

2.   This year I am not going to…. All around the British Isles.

3.   The … from Moscow to St. Peterburg by train can now be completed in under four hours.

4.   A… holiday or place is one where you can cook your own food.

5.   This year my daughter is going to a … where she will spend her summer holiday and participate in various activity.

6.   Efforts are being made to promote local environmental awareness of the importance of the area and to encourage… .

7.   Candy is among those who are keen on getting new information, she likes to … .

8.   I prefer travelling… a … because I think there are many places of interest in my own country.

9.   I’m so tired! I need to take a … break.

10. I went on a day … to Prague.

Тема 4. Отдых, каникулы, отпуск. Туризм. Составление рассказа по теме, презентация по теме. (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Read the text below and compose your own one using the words and word combinations of the previous lessons.

We can’t image our life without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. And I’m sure that it’s great to feel a million miles away from your problems and daily routine.

Speaking about my first journey I should say that it was the longest journey I had ever undertaken — it lasted 31 hours. It was a trip from the Ukraine to Bulgaria five years ago. That was a remarkable journey during which I crossed the borders of three countries. My mother and I were travelling together to a seaside resort.

That was a coach journey and to our delight, the coach was fitted with certain comforts, such as: air condition (conditioning), self-reclining seats, TV entertainment and etc. On the way we had to pass passport and customs control several times which required at least an hour in each case.

In Bulgaria we stopped in a wonderful five-star hotel. Our room was tidy and very comfortable! From the balcony we had a magnificent view of the sea. Speaking about the food, it was delicious and variable (diverse). But most of all I loved our warm and clean pool. It was big, with sea water. The sea was also warm. I made sandcastles at the seaside and collected shells.

One more thing that I really liked was the picturesque mountains. Their view was breathtaking.

In fact it’s rather difficult to speak about my impressions, because they are too numerous. But I hope that in future I’ll visit the most famous and beautiful places.

Искусство и развлечения (12 часов)

Тема 1. Искусство и развлечения. Повторение темы: «Страдательный залог». Лексика по теме: «Искусство и развлечения». (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Read and learn the vocabulary:

Theatre

1.   balcony / tier — ярус, балкон

2.   box — ложа

3.   box office — билетная касса

4.   character — действующее лицо ['kærəktə]

5.   checkroom — гардероб

6.   comedian — актер-комик [kə'mi:diən]

7.   comedy — комедия

8.   company (of actors) — труппа (актеров)

9.   crowd scenes — массовые сцены

10.                       drama — драма

11.                       Drama Theatre — драматический театр

12.                       dress circle — балкон первого яруса, бельэтаж

13.                       dress rehearsal — генеральная репетиция

14.                       dresses / costumes — костюмы

15.                       entrance — вход

16.                       evening performance — вечерний спектакль

17.                       exit — выход

18.                       first night / premiere — премьера

19.                       gallery — галерка

20.                       make-up man — гример

21.                       matinee (performance) — спектакль (утренний или дневной)

22.                       Opera and Ballet Theatre — театр оперы и балета

23.                       Opera House — оперный театр

24.                       performance — представление, спектакль

25.                       pit — амфитеатр, партер

26.                       play — пьеса, playbill - афиша

27.                       producer — режиссер, постановщик

28.                       prompter — суфлер

29.                       Puppet Theatre — театр кукол

30.                       Satire Theatre — театр сатиры

31.                       scenery — декорация

32.                       scriptwriter — сценарист

33.                       sets — декорации к определенной сцене

34.                       setting — место действия (декорации, обстановка действия)

35.                       sketch — эскиз

36.                       stage — сцена

37.                       stalls / parquet — партер

38.                       theatre / theater — театр

39.                       theatre-goer — театрал

40.                       ticket — билет

Cinema

1.       actor — актер

2.       actress — актриса

3.       animated cartoon / cartoon — мультипликационный фильм / мультфильм

4.       assistant director — помощник режиссера

5.       black and white film — черно-белый фильм

6.       camera operator / cameraman — (разговорная форма) оператор камеры

7.       children's film — детский фильм

8.       cinemascope — фильм для широкого экрана

9.       close-up — кадр, снятый крупным планом

10.   documentary film —документальный фильм

11.   comedy (film) — комедия

12.   credits — титры

13.   direct a film — режиссировать фильм

14.   director — режиссер

15.   dub (in) a film — дублировать фильм

16.   educational film — учебный фильм

17.   episode — эпизод

18.   executive producer — исполнительный продюсер

19.   feature film — художественный фильм

20.   film crew — команда фильма (люди, работающие над созданием фильма)

21.   full-length film — полнометражный фильм

22.   genre — жанр

23.   historical film — исторический фильм

24.   motion picture — кинофильм

25.   movie star / film star / cinema star — кинозвезда

26.   movie theater, movie house / cinema — кинотеатр

27.   movie-goer / film-fan — любитель кино

28.   newsreel — хроника, киножурнал

29.   popular science film — научно-популярный фильм

30.   producer — продюсер

31.   release a film — выпускать фильм на экран

32.   review — рецензия

33.   reviewer — критик

34.   scene / shot — кадр

35.   screen — экран; экранизировать

36.   screen adaptation / film adaptation / screen version — экранизация

37.   script of a film — сценарий фильма

38.   shoot a film — снимать фильм

39.   short film — короткометражный фильм

40.   show — сеанс (в кинотеатре)

41.   show a film — демонстрировать фильм

42.   silent film — немой фильм

43.   sound film / talkie — разг. звуковой фильм

44.   star (in a film) — появляться в ведущей роли (в фильме)

45.   subtitles / captions — субтитры

46.   thriller — триллер

47.   title of the film — название фильма

48.   trailer — трейлер (небольшой видеоролик, являющийся анонсом грядущего фильма, и, как правило, содержащий наиболее зрелищные его фрагменты)

49.   viewing — просмотр фильма

50.   wide-screen film — широкоэкранный фильм

Exercise 2. Look at the following words, divide them into 3 groups: genres, professions and adjectives which describe films.

Impressive, producer, wealth, magnificent, sound film, stuffed with, actor, boring, stunt man, corporation, entertainment, audience, melodrama, western, success, comedy, fights, thriller, unreal things, mystery, suspense, story line, musicals, director, astonishing, costumier, lousy, lose, sound film, sound engineer, aggression, action films, mysterious, screenwriter, rotten, cartoon, cameraman, romantic, documentary, historical films.

Exercise 3. A. Translate the sentences into Russian; B. Make negative and interrogative forms of Passive Voice.

1.     The film was set in the 1990s on a small tropical island.

2.     The names of some genres can be used without the word «film».

3.     Film making industry develops rapidly and the number of films are shooted every year.

4.     Horror film is shown at the cinema.

5.     The first movie was shown to the public by the Lumiere Brothers in France.

6.     My favorite film is called “Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson”.

7.     Performances are staged at the theatre.

8.     This play was written by a famous playwright.

9.     The plot of the novel was changed in the film.

10. The words “theatre” and “drama” are frequently used interchangeably.

11. The cast was splended, the audience followed the play with great interest, everyone was impressed by the acting.

12.  The main characters were superb; even the minor roles were acted with great feeling.

Exercise 4. Open the brackets with the right form of Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.        This film (to direct) by Alexander Fainzimmer.

2.        The scenario (to write) by E.Gabrilovich.

3.        Hardly had we taken our seats when the lights (to dim) and slowly turned off.

4.        A number of ads and trailers (to show) before the feature film.

5.        Nowadays the cinema (to consider) one of the main contemporary arts.

6.        All tickets (to sell) long before the day of the performance.

7.        The building of the Old Vic Theatre in London (to construct) in the 18th century.

8.        This part (to perform) by my favorite actor.

9.        The coats (to leave) in the cloak-room.

10.    The tickets (to buy) beforehand.

Тема 2. Искусство и развлечения. Работа с текстом: «История кино», послетекстовые упражнения. (2 часа)

History of cinematography

Cinema is much younger than theatre. It was born at the end of the 19th century. The first people who showed the first three-minute films to the public were the Lumiere Brothers in France. They did this on the 20th of February 1896 at the Grand Cafe, Boulevard des Capucines, Paris. This was the first cinema show and it was quickly followed by many others in all parts of the world. All the 1996 we celebrated the hundredth anniversary of cinematography. Since then a new era has begun – the era of cinematography. It rapidly spread all over the world and very soon turned into one of the most popular arts and entertainments.

The first films showed moving people and transport or newsreels of processions and wars, and short comedies. In 1901 France was the first country to produce a dramatic film, The Story of a Crime, which was followed by The Great Train Robbery in the United States in 1903.

At first, films were shown anywhere: in music halls, clubs and shops. By 1908, special film theatres were being built to give regular programmes. At this time cinema rapidly developed in both the New and the Old World. Charlie Chaplin made his first film, Making a living, in 1914 in the USA. At that time the world was crazy about Charlie, that was created by Charlie Spencer Chaplin. His Charlie, small and clumsy yet kind-hearted, generous and brave, has attracted the hearts of simple people in different countries. Sometimes they would stand in long queues to see a film with their favourite actor. The first films in the West were mainly melodramas or comedies.

Then, in 1927, Warner Brothers in Hollywood made the first film in which an actor sang and spoke. The film was called Jazz Singer. It opened a new era in films - the era of the “talkies”. The film mostly told its story with titles, but it had three songs and a short dialogue. There were long lines of people in front of the Warner Theatre in New York. The silent film was dead within a year. The first one hundred percent sound film. Lights of New York, appeared in 1928.

The cinema was of great importance during the two World Wars. The best cameramen went to the fronts to make documentary films about heroism of the soldiers. Feature films of that time helped people to survive and overcome hardships of the war.

Not so long ago people went to cinema frequently but now we sometimes prefer to stay and watch films at home.

Cinemas may not be as popular as they used to be, but films will always be one of the best entertainments for people all over the world.

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1.     Who showed the first films to the public? When was it happened?

2.     What were the first films about?

3.     Who was the most famous actor of that period?

4.     What kinds of films were popular that time?

5.     Do you think cinema is art or entertainment?

Exercise 2. What types of films do these people talk about? Use the names of genres instead of dots (feature film - художественный), short film - короткометражный фильм, action - боевик, adventure - приключенческий фильм, comedy, drama, crime – криминальный, horror, fantasy, romantic, thriller, mystery, sci-fi – научная фантастика)

1.     - What do you think of the film?

- Oh, it was extremely good! I was kept in uncertainly up to the end. The story line was so mysterious.

    - Yes, … always keep audience in suspense. And this one is a really good …

2.        - It is a pretty good film. The story line is simple but touching.

- Yes, the plot is really very simple but … don't need to be complicated and mysterious. Usually they are naive but we like them for it.

3.     - Do you like the film?

-     Oh, yes. It was really good. I like films which are full of fights and adventures.

-     Oh yes, you do. And this one was really stuffed with fights. I think there were too many of them.

           -  You simply don't like … I guess.              

Exercise 3. A.The following expressions are related to cinema. Match them with the right definition.

1.     Blockbuster                a) the first public showing

2.     Tear-jerker                 b) a film made for a big audience

3.     Premiere                     c) a very sentimental film

4.     Soundtrack       d) an advertisement for a movie consisting of extracts from it

5.     Trailer                          e) music for a film

 B. Match different kinds of TV programmes with their descriptions.

1.                 documentary                      a)  factual film about animals and plants

2.                 the news                             b)  informal talk, usually with famous people

3.                 chat show                           c)  the latest events in the world and in your country

4.                 soap opera                          d)  non-fiction film based on real events

5.                 nature programme              e)  drama, usually about family life; often weekly

6.                 weather forecast                 f)  advertisement

7.                 commercial                        g)  information about temperature, wind, rain, sun etc.

Exercise 4.  Write definitions for the following kinds of films using the phrases below.

has a serious story                         often has an exciting story            has cowboys in it                           about crime and police            makes you laugh                            has lots of exiting action            has a story about love                    is about police and detectives                                    is about space and the future

1.     An adventure film has lots of exciting action.

2.     A comedy ___________________________.

3.     A drama ____________________________.

4.     A thriller ____________________________.

5.     A western ___________________________.

6.     A romance __________________________.

7.     A crime story ________________________.

8.     A science fiction _____________________.

Exercise 5. Cinema combines different arts. That's why people of different professions are involved in film making. Who are these people? Match the name of the professions and what they do.

a) camera operator        f) boom operator b) actor                         g) sound mixer c) electrician                h) director d) costume designer      i) stuntman/-woman e) make-up artist           j) editor k) director of photography         l) producer m) scriptwriter

1.     has general control of the money for a film but he doesn't direct the actors.

2.     fixes the lights and all other electrical equipment.

3.     is the boss and tells everybody what to do. He works very closely with the actors in particular.

4.     looks through the camera, and operates the equipment.

5.     decides the position of the camera, and everything to do with light, colour, quantity and direction.

6.     writes scripts for films, shows.

7.     holds the microphone.

8.     does all the dangerous things on the screen instead of actors.

9.     chooses the best bits of the shooting film, cuts film and puts the bits together.

10. operates the microphones and gets very angry with people who makes noises during the filming.

11. pretends to be another person and acts in a film.

12. prepares costumes: dresses, suits for films can make a new face for an actor.

Exercise 6. Tell your own examples of the following genres:

action        «Terminator»

cartoon        «Tom and Jerry»

comedy        «Mister Bin»

disaster        «The Day After Tomorrow»

historical        «Alexander»

musical        «Chicago»

romantic        «Notting Hill»

science fiction        «Star Wars»

fantasy        «The Lord of the Rings»

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

1.       How often do you go to the cinema?

2.        How often do you watch films on video?

3.        What is your favourite kind of film?

4.        Who is your favourite actor/ actress?

5.        What kind of film don't you like?

6.        What was the last film you saw?

7.        Tell us the story of the film.

Тема 3. Искусство и развлечения. Работа с текстом: «Поход в театр», послетекстовые упражнения. (2 часа)

Text 1. Theatre

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text, choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph: 1) What is theatre?; 2) Theatre and the World; 3) Theatre and Drama; 4) Different theatre specialists; 5) Different kinds of theatres.

The word "theatre" comes from a Greek word meaning a place for seeing. In this sense, the word refers to the space where performances are staged. However in a broad sense, theatre includes everything that is involved in production, such as the script, the stage, the performing company, and the audience. In addition, theatre refers to a part of human culture that began in ancient times.Theatre is not the same as drama, though the words are frequently used interchangeably. Drama refers to the literary part of a performance that is the play. There are different forms of drama, such as tragedy, serious drama, melodrama, and comedy.Theatre is one of the most complex arts. It requires many kinds of artists for its creation. These specialists include a playwright, performers, a director, a scene designer, a costumier, a lighting designer, and various technicians. For many productions composers, musicians, and a choreographer (a creator of dances) are needed. A director of the theatre integrates all aspects of production including scenery, costumes, makeup, lighting, sound effects, music, and dancing. There are many people who love and visit different kinds of theatres: drama theatres, musical theatres, puppet theatres, opera and ballet houses. A successful theatrical event is an exciting and stimulating experience.There are a lot of theatres around the world. The theatrical centre the United Kingdom is London. There are more than 40 theatres in West End of London, such as the Royal National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, which operate a repertory system and use a regular company. The best-known centre of professional theatre in the United State is New York City, though Chicago and Los Angeles have become major centers as well. Moscow and St. Petersburg are the two major theatre centers in Russia. The Maly and Bolshoi Theatre are known all over the world.

Exercise 2. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Add some more informations.

1. Theatre is the same as drama.

2. Theatre is one of the most complex arts.

3. There are different kinds of theatres.

4. There are not many theatres in West End of London.

5. There are many theatres in Moscow.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:

1.          What does the word “theatre” come from?

2.          What does theatre include?

3.          Is theatre the same as drama?

4.          What does drama refer to?

5.          What forms of drama do you know?

6.          What does theatre require?

7.          Who integrades all aspects of productions in the theatre?

8.          What kinds of theatres do you know?

9.          Where is the theatrical centre in the UK?

10.       How many theatres are there in West End of London?

11.      Where are the theatre centres in the USA?

12.  What theatre centres in Russia do you know?

13.  Have you ever been to the Bolshoi Theatre?

Text 2. A visit to the theatre

There are many theatres in our country but the most famous of them are in Moscow. If you want to visit a theatre you have to buy a ticket.

Now you have bought a ticket. You pass through an entrance and go to the cloak-room. Then you go to the hall. There are rows of seats there. You can see the pit near the stage. There are boxes on both sides of the pit.

A dress-circle is higher than the pit. The upper- circle and gallery are higher than the dress-circle. There is a beautiful chandelier in the hall.

I am a theatre-lover. I prefer to visit drama theatres and the Bolshoi Theatre. As I like to sit in the pit, I try to buy a ticket beforehand. I usually look through a playbill before going to the theatre.

Two months ago I saw “Three sisters” by Chekhov in Moscow Art Theatre. The play was splended. The main role was played by Tatiana Doronina. I like this actress. I think she is talented. When the curtain rose, we saw a nice scenery and the spectators began to applaud. It was a storm of applause. I can say that during this performance all the actors were playing excellently. On the way home we discussed the performance with my friends. I usually go to the theatre with my friends.

Exercise 1. Answer the questions:

1.     Are there many theatres in Moscow?

2.     What are they?

3.     What can you see in the hall?

4.     Where is the pit?

5.     Is there a chandelier in the hall?

6.     Where does the person from the text like to sit? What about you?

7.     What performance did he see two months ago?

8.     Did he like it?

9.     Who played the main role?

10. Were the actors playing excellently?

Exercise 2. Retell the text.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions and make up a story about your going to the theatre:

1) Are you a theatre – goer?

2) How often do you go to the theatre?

3) What kind of performances do you prefer?

4) When did you last go to the theatre?

5) What performance did you see last?

6) Do your parents like to go to the theatre?

7) Do you buy tickets beforehand?

8) What can you tell about the scenery?

9) Do you usually discuss the play with anybody?

Тема 4. Искусство и развлечения. Диалоги по теме: «Поход в театр, кино», «В кинотеатре». (2 часа)

Dialogues “Theatre”

Dialogue 1.

- What about going to the theatre this weekend, Jane?

- I don’t mind, Mark. Do you know what is on at our Opera House?

- It’s “The Queen of Spades” by Tchaikovsky. And I am lucky enough to have two tickets for this Sunday. I’d like to invite you, Jane.

- Oh, how can I refuse your invitation? It’s my favourite opera! Who is playing the leading role?

- Well. The cast is excellent. The billboard says Alice West and Peter Allen are starring.

- I love the operas where Alice stars. Her singing is very expressive and powerful.

- Our seats are in the stalls, Row 5, in the middle. So we’ll be quite close to the stage. Although I prefer dress-circle seats because you can get a good view of the stage.

- The seats are splendid, Mark. And we won’t need any opera-glasses. Is it a matinee performance?

- No, it’s an evening performance. It starts at 6.30 p.m.

Dialogue 2.

- Well, did you like the opera, Jane?

- Oh, it was a superb performance! And Alice was a great success with the public. She was at her best as always.

- Yes. The house was packed. There wasn’t a single seat vacant today. I was absolutely thrilled with a beautiful voice of the Countess. She really captivated the audience. However, frankly speaking, the soprano voice of Lisa was sometimes a little out of tune.

- Really? I didn’t notice that. I just enjoyed every minute of the opera: from the moment the curtain rose till the end of the last act!

- I am glad you enjoyed the performance.

- And I’m very thankful to you for such a wonderful evening, Mark.

Dialogue 3.

-         Какие у нас хорошие места!

-         Do you know what the performance is about?

-         I don't know. Look! There is an usher. Let's get a programme from him.

-         Хорошо. Давай. Ничего себе! В спектакле будет играть Питер Тейкер.

-         How fortunate we are. He is great.

-          Да, это будет здорово. Он играет великолепно.

-         Shh! Stop speaking! They are about to begin.

Dialogue 4.

-         Hallo, Alex!

-         Привет, Миша! Рад снова тебя видеть. Как у тебя дела?

-         I'm fine. Thanks.

-         Знаешь, я пытался до звониться до тебя вчера, но ты не брал трубку. Хорошо, что ты перезвонил, а то я начал волноваться.

-         Yes, I have been away but why did you call me last night?

-         Я хотел пригласить тебя в театр, у меня есть несколько пригласительных билетов.

-         It sounds interesting. When will it be?

-         Спектакль начинается в 7.30 и длится 2 часа. Я могу заехать за тобой.

-         It's not necessary. We can meet there.

-         Хорошо. Встречается около входа в 7.15.

-         Ok. Bye.

Dialogue 5.

-         Привет. Не хочешь сходить в театр в субботу вечером? Там новая постановка.

-         Во сколько?

-         В 6 вечера. Я купил 2 билета на вечерний спектакль.

-         С удовольствием. А что играют?

-         «Вишневый сад».

-         Ты имеешь в виду «Вишневый сад» Чехова?

-         Да. Я знаю, что ты любишь Чехова.

-         Конечно. Он мой любимый писатель.

-         Я не поклонник Чехова, но спектакль посмотрю с удовольствием. Кстати, недавно я посмотрел «Три сестры». Мне очень понравилось. Актеры были великолепны.

-         Это точно. Я тоже видел этот спектакль.

-         Значит, я зайду за тобой в 5.

-         Договорились. Большое спасибо за приглашение.

Exercise 1. Make up your own dialogues. You have two tickets:

A) to the theatre. Your friend wants to see modern play based on Turgenev’s novel.

B) to the concert. Your parents are admirers of classic music and Mozart in particular.

C) to the ballet performance. But your friend hates ballet. Try to make him (her) to go with you.

Dialogues “Cinema”

Dialogue 1.

-         Do you like superhero movies?

-         Yes, of course.

-         Why? This is a superficial movie, designed for teenagers.

-         You’re wrong. This is in essence the development of ancient myths, Greek, Egyptian. Opposition of good and evil. A pseudo romance – tricksters like the Joker – christological figures. Often there are motifs from the Gospel.

-         I did not notice this depth in this movie.

-         There are two layers here – the top one – full of special effects, just for the young audience, for the viewers who just want entertainment. And there is a layer deep, and maybe several layers. Here the directors share their philosophy, their reading of ancient myths.

-         We’ll have to look again Batman, Superman, Iron man, X-Men.

-          Look. By the way, comics are often blamed for surface accuracy. But graphic novels are often just as serious literature as classical works. And the degree of influence on modern society, they are much superior to the dead classics.

-         They are more accessible to modern society, and in the form of a film everyone can perceive.

Dialogue 2.

– Do you like watching films?

– Yes, I do. What about you?

– Yes, of course. My favorite types of films are romantic drama, comedy, western and detective films.

– Oh, I don’t really like detective stories. I prefer to watch historical films.

– So, what is your favorite movie?

– I think that «Gladiator» is best movie for me. I can watch it million times. And Russell Crowe was believable in this role. On my opinion, it is the best role of Russell Crowe. Do you know the fact that Crowe lost 40 pounds before filming process?

– Really? I have no idea. He worked hard.

– Yes, I absolutely agree with you. And also, in 2001 this historical drama became winner in five Academy Award nominations (is known as Oscar), for example as best picture and Russell was chosen as best actor in a leading role.

– Let’s speak about you. What is your favorite movie?

– «Gone with wind» by novel Margaret Mitchell. I like the acting, but I don’t remember who is a producer.

– I heard about it. But I have not seen it. Why do you like this movie?

– I like the main character – Scarlett O’Hara. She goes through many troubles, but her mind and strong will help her to survive. Scarlett is very beautiful both outside and inside. She is ready to go through all problems for the sake of love.

– I think you are right. Scarlett is very interesting and strong character.

Тема 5. Искусство и развлечения. Составление рассказа по теме. (2 часа)

Тема 6. Искусство и развлечения. Презентация и обсуждение сообщений по теме. (2 часа)

Государственное устройство, правовые институты. (10 часов)

Тема 1. Государственное устройство, правовые институты. Времена группы Past, Future in the Past. (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text paying attention to the translation of the verb in the Past Tenses.

 During the 1600s people from many regions, such as Spain, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, Norway, and West Africa, settled in North America. Most colonists, however, came from England. It was the English who established and governed the original thirteen colonies along the Atlantic coast.
      The English colonists brought with them ideas about government that had been developing in England for centuries. By the 1600s English government offered its citizens political liberties, such as trial by jury, that were largely unknown elsewhere. At the heart of the English system were two principles of government. These principles - limited government and representative government - greatly influenced the development of the United States.
      By the time the first colonists reached North America, the idea that government was not all-powerful had become an accepted part of the English system. The idea first appeared in the Magna Carta*, or Great Charter, that King John signed in 1215. The Magna Carta established the principle of limited government, in which the power of the monarch, or government, was limited, not absolute. This document provided for protection against unjust punishment and the loss of life, liberty, and property except according to law. Under the Magna Carta, the king agreed that certain taxes could not be levied without popular consent.
      The rights in the Magna Carta originally applied only to the nobility. During the next few centuries, however, other groups won political liberties, primarily through agreements between English monarchs and the nobility and merchants.

Exercise 2.Transfer this direct speech in indirect one using the Past Tenses.

      Martin, UK

A monarch gives us some chance of being represented by a politically neutral figure. We are quite happy with the Queen, given that the alternative could be someone like Blair or Mr. Bush.

Lori Whitley, England

The English Crown is a racist symbol. That is why the English hold on to it. To them the Crown stands for England.

     Leo, Germany

Monarchy should be abolished totally, except in a museum. It is an insult to human collective intelligence. The idea of a chosen human being to be king/queen is absurd and demeaning. Its time has passed... let's bury it once and for all time.

Koen de Regt, Netherlands

The Spanish royal family lead lives which are very similar to their citizens.  The King and Queen of Spain are not afraid to walk down a street in Madrid without a bodyguard. This is one of the main reasons why the Spanish people cherish their royal family so much. I think the British royal family could learn a lot from the Spanish or even Dutch royal families.

Christina West, USA

I greatly admire the Queen as do most Americans. A monarchy would not work here, but it adds much to England.

James S. Ullman, USA

I have often thought that the perfect arrangement will be a constitutional monarchy with a socialist government. I know that the monarchy is there but is the Labour Government socialist.

Brian Delaney, USA

I live in a country that is the youngest of all. Yet, our heritage comes from Europe and no monarchy is brought. Look what happened. We are doing just fine!

David A. Sambrano, USA

I think monarchy represents history, it is just like a time tunnel which takes you into the past. Although it does not have any political significance in this century but it has a historical importance!

Saima, Pakistan

Do you really want Camilla to be Queen? I do not think the monarchy in the UK is relevant now. It is bad enough we have Mr. Bush as president; Prince Charles is not much better.

Nathan Sassaman, USA

In Denmark most people agree that although our monarch, the Queen Margrethe II, does not govern, we like being a monarchy! I think about 90% will say that they are happy for having her as one of the best diplomats a country can have! She is a very talented artist and very, very intelligent...

Mark Beudert, USA

There is nothing unmodern about a monarchy. Presidents live in palaces too. And they are no more scandal-free than monarchs - just more political.

Jacques Rea, France

At the moment, the monarchy is just causing scandal and a bad reputation. I don't see why we need them as we have a Government which can represent us in world affairs.

Lucy Fuller, England

Monarchs are the dictators of the world. They are a family. But how can we guarantee that a nation will not be led by a psychopath just because he is the first son of a family?

Defkalion Tsagarakis, Greece

I think Prince William, when he becomes king, will bring change and modernisation to the monarchy. He will give our monarchy the youth and vitality which it has lacked for so long.

Тема 2. Государственное устройство, правовые институты. Признаки и значения слов и словосочетаний с формами на –ing. Лексика по теме: «Россия, политическое устройство». Предтекстовые упражнения. (2 часа)

Известно, что ING-form происходит от глагола при помощи добавления окончания -ing. Reading, writing, swimming, eating – знакомые слова с окончанием –ING.

Впервые происходит знакомство с ING-form, когда начинаем изучать Present Progressive. Тогда нужно запоминать, что «к глаголу добавляется окончание –ING» и рассматривать правила написания глаголов с этим окончанием.

Есть несколько базовых правил добавления окончания –ING и несколько исключений.

1.	look – looking	К большинству глаголов, которые оканчиваются на согласную после двух гласных или две согласные, окончание прибавляется без изменений	help – helping speak – speaking point – pointing
2.	take – taking	Если глагол оканчивается на немую Е, то она выпадает и добавляется окончание ING	close – closing write – writing come – coming
3.	try – trying	К глаголам, которые оканчиваются на Y, окончание добавляется без изменений	cry – crying study – studying copy – copying
4.	stop – stopping	Если глагол оканчивается на закрытый ударный слог, то конечная согласная удваивается	plan – planning get – getting put – putting
5.	travel – travelling	Глаголы, которые оканчиваются на L, перед которой гласная, удваивают L при добавлении окончания. Это правило применимо к British English, в American English L не удваивается.	quarrel – quarrelling marvel – marvelling model – modelling
6.	star – starring	Если глагол оканчивается на R в ударном слоге, то R удваивается	prefer – preferring stir – stirring
7.	Исключения	Существует ряд исключений, которые нужно запомнить	lie – lying die – dying tie – tying age – ageing ski – skiing see – seeing agree – agreeing

Существуют три функции, которые  имеют форму с –ING.

Времена группы Progressive, Герундий (Gerund) и Причастие (Participle)

1. ING-form во временах группы Progressive

Есть правило: во временах группы Progressive в сочетании с ING-form (или, как часто указывают в учебниках: Verb + ing или V + ing) всегда присутствует вспомогательный глагол to be:

Present Progressive: am, is, are + V ing

I am working at the moment. – Я сейчас работаю.

Past Progressive : was, were + V ing

I was working when you called me. – Я работал, когда ты мне позвонил.

Future Progressive : will be + V ing

I will be working tomorrow at 6 p.m. – Я буду работать завтра в 6 вечера.

2. Герундий (Gerund)

Самое простое правило, что такое герундий: герундий по форме представляет собой глагол с окончанием –ING, но работает, как существительное и отвечает на вопрос What? – Что?

В предложении герундий выполняет роль подлежащего (subject) или дополнения (object) и используется как неисчисляемое существительное, без артикля:

Swimming is my hobby. – Плаванье – мое хобби.
My hobby is swimming. – Мое хобби – плавание.

Как герундий, ING-form иногда может встречаться во множественном числе:

Poetry readings take place every Friday. They are very popular with our students. – Поэтические чтения проходят каждую пятницу. Они очень популярны среди наших студентов.

3. Причастие (Participle)

Как отличить причастие от герундия: если герундий выполняет функции существительного, то причастие выполняет описательную функцию – функцию прилагательного и отвечает на вопрос «Какой?».

I saw a reading man in the cafe. – Я видел в кафе человека, который читал (читающего человека).

We enjoyed the sight of burning fire. – Нам понравился вид пылающего огня.

It was a tiring exercise. – Это было утомительное упражнение.

Exercise 1. Put one of the given verbs in the correct form – infinitive or gerund:

to see, to support, to start, to participate, to make my choice, to devote, to answer, to work, to carry, be accused of, to vote, to believe. 

1.   I wish ... our deputy.— It’s no use ... to him.

2.   Don’t forget ... your candidate in the elections.

3.   I was told … my political career in this very state.

4.   He tried .... political scandal, but it’s no use.

5.   Would you mind ... me into the life society of your city?

6.   I like … in this elections.

7.   These guys like ... their life to political career.

8.   Try ... all questions of your voters.

9.   He admires ... as a deputy.

10.                      I prefer ... out a policy of social reforms.

11.                      He is supposed …. of corruption

12.                      Let’s ... go … for anti corruption reforms.

13.                      Most people prefer ... actions of future candidates.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the expression eliminate the corruption. Use the Infinitive or the -ing form of the verb eliminate.

1.     I want _________________________.

2.     I suggest _________________________.

3.     I decided _________________________.

4.     I recommend _________________________.

5.     I hope _______ __________________.

6.     I feel like _________________________.

7.     I managed _________________________.

8.     I am trying _________________________.

9.     I would appreciate _________________________.

10. I will not refuse _________________________.

11. I agree _________________________.

12. I have denied _________________________

Политика. Politics.

1.     politics (ед.ч) — политика как политическая жизнь, политическая деятельность

2.     be interested in politics — интересоваться политикой

3.     be indifferent to politics — быть безразличным к политике

4.     a policy — политика как линия поведения, курс, стратегия

5.     political issues — политические вопросы

6.     political views — политические взгляды

7.     a political party — политическая партия

8.     two major political parties — две главные политические партии

9.     a political career — политическая карьера

10. a politician — политик

11. support a candidate — поддерживать кандидата

12. have the right to vote — иметь право участвовать в голосовании

13. join a political party — вступить в политическую партию

14. vote for a candidate — голосовать за кандидата

15. take part in election — принимать участие в выборах

16. make my choice — сделать свой выбор

17. prominent politician (= successful) — выдающийся (успешный) политик

18. general election — всеобщие выборы

19. a political purpose — политическая цель

20. an opponent — оппонент

21. an opposition — оппозиция

22. hold an election — проводить выборы

23. an election pledge — обещание, данное политиком во время предвыборной кампании

24. corruption — коррупция

25. accuse of corruption — обвинить в коррупции

Exercise 1. What buildings are in the photos?

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in the correct form.

1.     Russia soon (to become) a key player on the world stage?

2.     Russia (to have) political weight in the past.

3.     Russia’s economy (to depend) on oil prices.

4.     Russia (to take) steps to protect itself against terrorist actions.

5.     Election of the President (to take) place every four years.

6.     The political system of Russia (to be) established by the Constitution in 1993.

7.     The Russian economy remanently (to grow) due to recent reforms in banking, labour and private property.

8.     Russia year by year (to improve) its international relationship and cooperation in areas of mutual interest.

9.     They (to start) discussing new government policy right after elections for the President of Russia.

10. The multiparty system in Russia (to begin) to emerge as early as 1980-s.

Exercise 3. Find pictures and collect information on the three national symbols of Russia.

1.     Flag

2.     Hymn

3.     National emblem

Exercise 4. Surf the Internet and write 10-15 sentences about the President’s duties.

Тема 3. Государственное устройство, правовые институты. Текст «Россия, политическое устройство». Чтение, перевод. (2 часа)

The Political System of Russia

The Russian Federation is a federal republic. The head of the state is the President, elected for a period of four years. The President is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He signs all the important documents, appoints the Prime Minister and the members of the Cabinet. He also appoints the judges of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts.

The government of Russia consists of three parts — legislative, executive and judicial. They work in the regime of checks and balances.
Federal Assembly has all the legislative power in the country. It consists of the Federation Council and the Duma. The Federation Council is formed of the heads of the regions. The Duma is elected by the population.
The Duma examines and discusses different bills. The bill must be approved by the Duma and the Federation Council and signed by the President. Then it becomes a law.

The executive power belongs to the Government. The judicial power is vested on the judges of the Supreme and the Constitutional Courts.
We have a three-colored flag. The colors are red, white and blue.
The Hymn of the country is created by Alexandrov and Mikhalkov. The national coat of arms has been changed. It is the two-headed eagle. It was adopted in the ancient times as the symbol of Russia's position between the East and West.
The official language is Russian. Different religions are spread on the territory of the country, but the main is the Russian Orthodox Christian Church.

    The Russian Federation was set up by the Constitution in 1993. Aits destruction in 1991, the Soviet Union was broken up into an independent Russia and 14 other new, sovereign nations.

    The Russian Federation I a presidential (or a constitutional) republic. The President is the head of state and is elected directly by the people. He controls all the three branches of power. The President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties and enforces laws, appoints the prime minister, cabinet members and key judges. The President can override and in some cases even dissolve the national parliament, the bicameral Federal Assembly. The President has its administration, but it’s not part of the Federal Government. The President is involved in the work of the legislative and executive branches.

    The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative power is vested by the Federal Assembly. It consists of the Federal Council (upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). The members of the State Duma are elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The Federal Council is not elected. It is formed of the heads of the regions. Each Chamber is headed by the Chairman. Legislature is initiated in the State Duma, but to become a law, a bill must be approved by the lower and upper houses and signed by the President. The executive power belongs to the Government. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court and regional courts.

Exercise 1. Are these statements true or false?

1.     The Russian Federation is a parliamentary monarchy.

2.     The President is the head of state and is elected by the State Duma.

3.     The President is involved in the work of the legislative and judicial branches of power.

4.     The government consists of the Federal Assembly and the Federation Council.

5.     The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly.

6.     The Federation Council is elected by popular vote.

7.     The Federation Council is formed of the heads of the regions.

8.     Each Chamber of the Federation Council is checked and balanced by the President.

9.     The legislative power is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts.

10. The Russian Federation was set up by the Constitution of 1991.

Exercise 2. Speak about the political structure of Russia using the following prompts.

1.     I’d like to tell...

2.     The Russian Federation was set up...

3.     Politically it is...

4.     The head of the state...

5.     His functions are...

6.     There are three branches of power...

7.     The Federal Assembly consists of...

8.     The State Duma is elected by...

9.     The Federation Council is formed of ...

10. The legislative power...

11. The executive power...

12. The judicial power...

Тема 4. Государственное устройство, правовые институты. Текст «Великобритания, географическое положение, политическое устройство». (2 часа)

                            Some facts about the UK

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of 244.000 square miles is situated in the British Isles which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Straits of Dover and the English Channel.

It consists of four parts – England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland. The population of the UK is over 62 million. Four out of five people live in towns. The largest cities I the country are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburg. Nevertheless, agriculture is also well-developed, especially sheep-breeding in Scotland.

The territory of the country is small but it has a wide variety of landscape and scenery. There are moors, rivers, lakes, mountains, hills and plains there.

Politically the UK is a monarchy; the head of state is King and Queen. In practice the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: Great Britain is governed by the Government. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The real ruler of the country is the Prime Minister representing the party in power.

The heart of the UK is England. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but the remainder of the territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooden or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.

The smallest country is Wales. The largest part of Wales is covered with rocky mountains, which are difficult to climb. Most people in Wales live in the coastal plains.

Scotland is a land of mountains, wild moorlands, narrow valleys and plains, famous lakes, known as lochs and no end of large and small islands. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. One third of the people of Scotland live in or near its capital, Edinburgh,  and its great industrial centre, Glasgow.

Northern Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom in 1920. The land is mountainous and has few natural resources. Farming, machinery and equipment manufacturing, food processing, textile and electronics manufacturing are the leading industries. Belfast is the capital and the largest city.

The capital of the UK, London, stands on the Thames. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in the UK, but it is not very long.

Exercise 1. Are these statements true or false?

1.        Great Britain consists of three parts.

2.        The territory of the country is large: 224.000 square miles.

3.        The smallest part is Wales.

4.        Most people in Wales live in the mountains.

5.        The Highlands are the oldest mountains in the world.

6.        They are situated in Wales.

7.        Glasgow is a great agricultural center.

8.        Northern Ireland is rich in natural resources.

9.        The real ruler of the country is the Queen.

10.   The United Kingdom is a parliamentary republic.

Exercise 2. Choose one of the British cities and write about it using the following plan:

-         Geographical location

-         Scenery

-         Climate

-         Flora and fauna

-         Population

-         Main industries

-         Places of interest

Тема 5. Государственное устройство, правовые институты. Текст «США, географическое положение, политическое устройство». (2 часа)

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following text.

The USA

The United States of America is one of the greatest countries in the world.

It is situated on the North American continent and is washed by three oceans: the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic. The USA borders only on two countries — Canada and Mexico.

This great country has a lot of mountains, rivers, lakes. The main mountains are the Appalachians and the Cordilleras. The longest rivers are the Mississippi and the Missouri. The climate of the country is varied. In the southern part it is subtropical while the northern part has very cold weather in winter.

America has fifty states and one federal District of Columbia where the capital of the country is situated.The capital of the USA is Washington. It stands on the Potomac river in the eastern part of the country.The main cities are located on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. New-York is the largest city of the country. Other large cities are San-Francisco, Los-Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Phoenix and Dallas.

 48 states are situated in the middle of the continent of North America stretching from Canada in the north to Mexico, the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California in the south. Alaska and Hawaii are not joined to the mainland. Alaska occupies the north-western part of the continent and it borders on Canada in the east. Hawaii islands lie in the Pacific Ocean, to the south-west of the mainland. The USA also has overseas territories with different levels of independence: Virgin Islands, Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and some others.

The American landscape is diverse and spectacular. The land varies from heavy forests to barren deserts. Niagara Falls, the Grand Canyon, the Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes and Yellowstone National Park are world-famous American natural wonders.

Most of the US people live in the eastern half of the country. The Atlantic coastline is mainly lowland and indented. It is characterized by flooded river valleys and fertile lands. The Pacific coastline is mountainous and cut by numerous fjords. The old and forested Appalachian Mountains extend from the state of New York to the state of Georgia. There are interior lowlands (prairie lands) between the Cordillera and the Appalachian mountain chains. As for Alaska, the mysterious glaciers co-exist with the blooming Arctic tundra there.

The USA is a country of highly developed industry and agriculture. The main industrial centres are Chicago and Detroit, with their greatest automobile company “General Motors”. There are many farms with various agricultural products. Grain, fruit and vegetables are grown on numerous fields especially in the South.

The USA is a country with great holidays, customs and traditions. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting countries in the world.

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states. Each state has its own government («state government»). In some ways the United States is like 50 small countries.The government of the USA act according to the Constitution which was signed by the first thirteen representatives of thirteen original American states in 1787. The document was written in 1787 and since that time twenty six Amendments have been added. The first ten Amendments were simply rights or the Bill of rights. According to the Constitution the USA is a republic. So, the officials of any rank are elected by US citizens. Every citizen has rights which can not be violated.

The Constitution proclaims a federal system of government which keeps both the states and the federal power from getting too much power. It means that the federal government is given certain powers, for example, to make peace or war, to issue money and to regulate the trade and so on. The federal power is located in Washington, D.C. It is based on legislative, executive and juridical branches of power. The legislative power is vested in Congress, which consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives, There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators in Congress. Each state elects two members for the Senate. The executive branch is headed by the President who is assisted by the Vice President. The President enforces federal laws, serves as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shall overrule him. The Vice President, elected from the same political party as the President, acts as chairman of the Senate, and in the event of the death of the President, assumes the Presidency. The President of the USA is chosen in nationwide elections every 4 years together with the Vice.-President. The President can not be elected for more than two terms. The Cabinet is made up of Department Secretaries. The most important of them is the Secretary of State, who deals with foreign affairs. The judicial branch is made up of Federal District Courts, 11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the President for life.

Federal courts decide cases involving federal law, conflicts between citizens of different states.

Constitution has been amended twenty six times. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual liberties: freedom of word, religion and so on. Later amendments abolished slavery, granted the vote to women and colour people and allowed citizens to vote at the age of 18.

Exercise 2. Match the description of the cities with the pictures.

 
1. This city is a heart of business life of the USA.

2. In this city you can visit casinos, marry and divorce for one minute. It’s an entertainment capital of America.

3. This city is famous for its cinema industry.

4. This is the capital of the USA.

Exercise 2. Match the symbols of the American holidays with its names.

a) pumpkin                                    Easter

b)  turkey                                       St. Valentine day          

c) socks                                          Halloween

d) heart shaped post-cards           Thanksgiving day      

e) eggs with chocolate hare            Christmas

Exercise 3. Choose one of the American States and write about it using the following plan:

- Geographical location

- Scenery

- Climate

- Flora and fauna

- Population

- Main industries

- Places of interest

Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. (16 часов)

Тема 1. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Количественные и порядковые числительные. (2 часа)

В рамках данной темы повторяется грамматическая тема «Количественные и порядковые числительные», выполняются задания на ее закрепление.

Exercise 1. Write the numbers.

1.     The number of Dwarves Snow White lived with — ___________

2.     The Celsius freezing point — ___________

3.     Days in April — ___________

4.     The number of letters in the English alphabet — ___________

5.     An unlucky number — ___________

6.     Teeth in the normal human mouth — ___________

7.     The number of years in a millennium — ___________

8.     The number of months in a year — ___________

9.     Days in December – ___________

10. Degrees in a right angle — ___________

11. Books in a trilogy — ___________

12. Minutes in an hour — ___________

13. Legs has an octopus — ___________

14. The number of cents in a half-dollar — ___________

15. Players in a soccer team — ___________

16. Number of hours in a day — ___________

17. Celsius boiling point — ___________

Exercise 2. Write:

Пример: (2) (a man) – two men,

(3) (a woman),  (12) (a child),  (15) (an ox),   (18) (a sheep),  (32) (a tooth),  (57) (a bison), (95) (a forget-me-not).

Exercise 3. Choose the correct form:

1.     My daughter is still a teenager. She is only fifteen/fifty.

2.     He knew it was a painting worth $10 million/millions.

3.     Three hundred/Three hundreds people gathered at the stadium.

4.     In the section 2/section 2 we also suggest other topics that need to be researched.

5.     The first battle of the American Revolution was fought in year/the year 1775.

6.     Hundred/А hundred years ago the principal means of communication was by post and telegraph.

7.     How many children are there in the school? About three hundred/three hundreds.

8.     The report has got over five hundred/five hundreds pages.

9.     It happened in the year two thousand and two/two thousand and second.

10. All International flights are from Terminal One /the Terminal One.

Exercise 4.  Write the numerals into the gaps:

1.     ____________ (22 200) donors from Manchester have been honoured at an awards ceremony for donating.

2.     The newly elected board of directors consists of_________ (42) new members.

3.     Chelsea won___________ (2:0) against Marseille at Stamford Bridge.

4.     Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than ________ (1/8) of the Earth's inhabited land area, with over __________ (144 000 000) people at the end of March _________2016.

Exercise 5. Hundred or hundreds? Choose the correct form.

1.     There were hundreds of people/hundred of people at the pool today.

2.     That dress costs hundreds of pounds/hundreds of pound.

3.     We’ve driven a hundred miles/а hundred mile in the last two hours.

4.     I agree with you one hundred percent/one hudreds percent.

5.     Hundreds/hundred of people watched the football match at the i stadium.

6.     Eight hundred/eight hundreds is not enough. Her paintings cost thousands/thousand.

7.     Benjamin received cards from scores/score of local people.

8.     People are leaving the Nationalist Party by the score/by a score.

9.     Nearly a thousand/thousands football fans were arrested.

10. There are literally thousands/thousand of people without homes.

Exercise 6. Write the sentences.

Children in a running competition.

John – number 1, Peter – number 5, Joe – number 6, Lena – number 2,  Spike – number 4,  Jane – number 3

ПРИМЕР: John was the First.

Lena was the _____________.

Peter was the _____________.

Joe was the _______________.

Jane was the ______________.

Spike was the _____________.

Exercise 7. Write the correct ordinal number.

1.     Saturday is the __________ day of the week.

2.     The ___________ month of the year is June. .

3.     The ___________month of the year is March.

4.     In a competition the gold medal is for the________ place and the silver medal is for the__________ place.

Exercise 8.  Identify the ordinal position of the following letters:

H is the eighth letter.

1.     T is the _______________________ letter.

2.     N is the _______________________letter.

3.     P is the _______________________letter.

4.     K is the _______________________letter.

5.     M is the _______________________letter.

6.     R is the _______________________letter.

7.     S is the _______________________letter.

8.     O is the _______________________letter.

9.     L is the_______________________ letter.

10. J is the _______________________ letter.

11. G is the _______________________letter.

Exercise 9. Choose the correct form.

1.     It happened in the middle of the twentyth/twentieth century.

2.     I usually go to school by bus six/bus sixth.

3.     He is now ranked hundred/hundredth in the world of tennis.

4.     1999 was the second hundred/the two hundredth anniversary of; Pushkin’s birth.

5.     The car changed the life of people in the 20th/the 20s century.

6.     At least two third/two thirds of the novel is about the life of people in the 19th century.

7.     He was the third/the thirdth to arrive.

8.     8 The USA ranks third/three in population.

9.     I am the one hundred and first/one hundredth and first in this huge line.

10. Vincent Van Gogh’s paintings are among the most famous of the 19 century / the 19th century.

Тема 2. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Время. Работа с лексикой. Работа с текстом «Время». (2 часа)

В рамках данной темы повторяется грамматическая тема «Время», выполняются задания на ее закрепление.

Telling the time in English

Telling the time means to say what the time is. We can use some questions for asking the time which are given below;

·        What time is it?

·        What is the time?

·        Do you have the time?

·        Do you know what time is it?

·        Can you tell me what time is it, please?

·        Could you tell me the time, please?

·        Do you happen to have the time?

·        Have you got the right time?

·        What time do you make it?

 

Answering the questions:

·        It’s exactly or about or almost or just gone …

·        Sure, it is 3:00

·        Sorry, I am not wearing a watch.

·        2:30

·        It is 4:20

·        It is ten past ten.

·        The time is 8 o’clock.

At Full Hours: ( O’clock /… :00)

O’clock is used at full hours. It means there are no minutes.

It is ………. o’clock.

·        It is eleven o’clock. (11:00)

·        It is three o’clock (03:00)

·        It is five o’clock.(05:00)

Note: In English, time is expressed with 12-hour time zones.

At Half Hours: (30 minutes passed the hour)

‘Half past’ expression is used when clock shows half hours.

It is half past……. .

·        It is half past two. (02:30)

·        It is half past six. (06:30)

·        It is half past one.(01:30)

At Quarter Hours: (15 minutes after the hour or 15 minutes before the hour)

‘a quarter to’ and ‘a quarter past’ expressions are used when clock shows quarter hours.

It is (a) quarter past ………. . (15 minutes after the hour )

It is (a) quarter to ………  .      (15 minutes before the hour)

·        It is (a) quarter past  nine. (9:15)

·        It is (a) quarter to five. (04:45

·        It is (a)  quarter past eight. (08:15)

At Other Hours: (Past/To)

We use PAST for (01 minute to 30 minutes)

We use TO for (31 to 59 minutes)

It is …….. minutes  past / to ……..

·        It is 4 minutes to eight. (07:56) ( less formal: It is seven fifty-six )

·        It is seven minutes past eleven. (11: 07) ( less formal: It is eleven O-seven ) (0 is pronounced like the letter”O” not “zero”)

·        It is nine minutes to three. ( 2:51) (less formal: It is fifty-one)

Notes:

1. For multiplies of 5, we leave out the word ‘minutes’

▪    It is five to ten. (09:55)

▪    It is twenty past eight. (08:20)

▪    Is is twenty five to seven. (06:35)

2. We can say also

·        ‘a guarter past…..’ instead of  ‘fifteen past … (15 minutes past….)’

·        ‘a quarter to….’ instead of  ‘fifteen to…. (15 minutes to….)’

·        ‘half past…..’ instead of  ‘thirty  past….(30 minutes past….)’

Examples:

▪    It is a guarter to four = It is fifteen to four (03:45)

▪    It is a guater past nine = It is fifteen past nine (09:15)

▪    It is half past eleven = It is thirty past eleven  (11:30)

3. In American English;

‘After’ is used instead of ‘Past’

‘Before’ is used instead of ‘To’

Examples:

It is ten after two. (02:10)

It is a quater before five (04:45)

It is eight before six. (05:52)

There are two common ways of telling the time. We usually say the minutes first and then The hours. However, We also say the hours first and then the minutes (Less formal).

Examples:

▪    (05:10) It is ten past five. (minutes + PAST/TO + hours)

▪    (05:10) It is five ten.  (hours + minutes) (less formal)

Note 1: When saying the time ‘the hours first and then the minutes’, 0 is pronounced like the letter”O” not “zero.”

Examples:

·        (06:04) It is six 0-four = It is four minutes past six

·        (07:09) It is seven 0-nine = It is nine minutes past to seven

A.M. и P.M.

Since the 24-hour time zone is not used in English (time is expressed with 12-hour time zones in english) the hours must be divided into two;

‘before noon’  and ‘after noon’.

For the hours before noon ( 00:01 – 12:00),  we use a.m. (Ante meridiem)

For the hours after noon ( 12:01 -24:00 ), we use p.m. (Post meridiem)

·        02:00 am = It is two o’clock before noon

·        02:00 pm = It is two o’clock after noon

          ( 2 am, 08:00 pm, 6 PM, 3 A.M, etc… )

We can use dot or colon as a seperator between hours and minutes.

Examples:

10.30 or 10:30

We use the structure “AT” with time when giving the time of a specific event.

Examples:

▪    The train arrives at midday. ( 12:00 )

▪    The plane will take off at a quarter past six ( 06:15 )

▪    The show started at 3 o’clock.

▪    The boss called me at 8 a.m.

Exercise 1. Write the time with numerals:

1.     It’s half past three.

2.     It’s ten to six.

3.     It’s a quarter past two.

4.     It’s a quarter to twelve.

5.     It’s twenty to one.

6.     It’s half past eight.

7.     It’s five past eleven.

8.     It’s twenty-five to four.

9.     It’s nine o’clock.

10. It’s ten past ten.

Exercise 2. Write the time with the words:

1.     4:45

2.     12:40

3.     6:30

4.     3:00

5.     5:10

6.     2:35

7.     9:55

8.     12:05

9.     8:25

10. 7:15

Exercise 3. Choose the right time:

1.     It’s twenty past eight. (7:40 – 8:20 – 8:40)

2.     It’s half past seven. (6:30 – 7:30 – 8:30)

3.     It’s a quarter past five. (4:45 - 5:15 – 6:15)

4.     It’s a quarter to ten. (10:15 – 10:45 – 9:45)

5.     It’s ten to twelve. (12:10 – 12:50 – 11:50)

Exercise 4. Put the time in chronological way:

1.     It’s twenty to one.

2.     It’s twenty past twelve.

3.     It’s five to one.

4.     It’s a quarter to one.

5.     It’s half past twelve.

6.     It’s a quarter to twelve.

7.     It’s a quarter past twelve.

8.     It’s noon.

9.     It’s five past twelve.

10. It’s five to twelve.

 Тема 3. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Чтение и перевод текстов по теме.  Повторение типов вопросов. (2 часа)

Геометрические понятия

Геометрические  понятия: точка (point), прямая (straight line), отрезок (line segment), луч (ray); геометрические фигуры (plane shapes) и геометрические тела (solid shapes). В списке ниже представлены эти и другие основные термины.

Angle – угол. Легко перепутать с corner. Но если corner – это угол в общем смысле, например, угол комнаты (corner of the room), то angle – это угол как геометрическое понятие (right angle – прямой угол).

Point – точка. В русском языке любая точка называется точкой: будто то точка в десятичной дроби или конце предложения. В английском несколько названий для разных точек: point, dot, period, full stop. Вот какая между ними разница:

Point – точка в геометрии, в десятичных дробях: 3.14 читается как three point one four.

Dot – точка в адресах веб-сайтов. Например, www.google.com читается как: double u double u double u google dot com. Кстати, забавно, что www – это сокращенно world wide web, но сокращенная форма при чтении намного длиннее полной.

Period (США) или full stop (Великобр.) – точка в конце предложения. Есть даже английское выражение “period” или “full stop” аналог русского «точка» в значении «разговор закончен, возражения не принимаются»: You are not going to the party. Period. – Ты не идешь на вечеринку. Точка. 

point	точка
line segment	отрезок
ray	луч
line	прямая
plane shape	геометрическая фигура
solid shape	геометрическое тело
volume	объем
area	площадь
perimeter	периметр
diagonal	диагональ
size	размер
side	сторона
angle	угол
lengh	длина
width	ширина
height	высота
depths	глубина
right angle	прямой угол
obtuse angle	тупой угол
acute angle	острый угол
vertical line	вертикальная линия
horizontal line	горизонтальная линия
curved line	кривая линия
broken line	ломаная линия
parallel lines	параллельные линии
perpendicular lines	перпендикулярные линии
radius	радиус
diameter	диаметр
base	основание
vertex	вершина
edge	ребро

Геометрические тела и фигуры

Помните, геометрические фигуры двухмерные, а тела – объемные. Квадрат, треугольник – это фигуры, а куб, пирамида – тела. Некоторые трудности могут возникнуть с прилагательными, образованными от названий тел и фигур, потому что они образуются по-разному:

·                     с помощью суффиксов: rectangle (прямоугольник) – rectangular(прямоугольный).

·                     обозначаются другим словом: circle (круг) – round (круглый).

·                     образуются без изменения слова: oval (овал) – oval (овальный).

От слова circle также образуется прилагательное circular – круглый, но оно обычно используется, когда речь идет о чем-то плоском и, как правило, идеально круглом. Round может применяться к плоским и объемным предметам, это слово более часто используется в повседневной речи: round table – круглый стол, round building – круглое здание. О шаровидных предметах тоже, скорее всего, скажут, что они round (round ball – круглый мяч), хотя технически они spherical. Но по-русски мы тоже не называем мяч «сферическим».

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

History of the Metric System

The French are widely credited with the originating the metric system of measurement. The French government officially adopted the system in 1795, but only after more than a century of sometimes contentious bickering over its value and suspicion surrounding the intent of metric proponents.

Gabriel Mouton, a church vicar in Lyons, France, is considered to be the founding father of the metric system. In 1670, Mouton proposed a decimal system of measurement. In 1790, the national assembly of France called for an invariable standard of weights and measurements having as its basis a unit of length based on the Earth’s circumference. From its beginning, the main features of the metric system were the standard set of inter-related base units (взаимосвязанным базовые величины) and a standard set of prefixes in powers of ten (префиксы десятичная степеней).

Borrowing from the Greek word “metron,” or “a measure,” a commission assigned by the academy gave the name “meter” to the unit of length. The standard it represented was to be constructed so as to equal a fraction of the distance from the North Pole to the equator. Indicative of the difficulties surround adoption of the new system, a survey team charged with measuring the arc of the earth aroused such suspicion that they were harassed and even jailed by local officials as they went about their work. The prefix kilo- is used to multiply the unit by 1000; the prefix milli- is to indicate a one thousandth part of the unit etc.

Because of the metric system’s adaptability to scientific and engineering work, adoption of the system flourished with rapid expansion of the industrialized world. The U.S. Congress declared the system lawful in commerce throughout the nation in 1866. Twenty years earlier, the French made use of the system compulsory.

In the period of 1970 to 1980, there was a strong movement in the United States toward widespread use of the metric system. That initiative lost momentum, and the nation continues to use a dual system of measurement even though the system is now employed widely throughout the world. There is a strong likelihood that the United States will eventually yield to international pressure to produce and label U.S. goods in metric units. Some industries in the national have already converted to the metric system, which is now known as the SI, or International System of Units.

One group of units used to measure items such as length, temperature, time and weight is known as the metric system. Some units that come from the metric system you may have heard of: the meter, the kilogram, the second and the kelvin.
        For many years, there have been debates about the pros and cons of the metric system. No matter how many arguments or lengthy discussions stem from this debate of meter vs. foot, kilometer vs. mile and kilograms vs. pounds, there are many benefits of the metric system. Here are just a few:

1. The metric system has been adopted by most major countries around the world. By the mid-1970s, most countries had converted to the metric system or had plans to do so. When it comes to measurement, the United States is the only major country who has not adopted the metric system! Using the metric system just makes sense, in order to standardize measurement around the globe.

2. The metric system was created by scientists. When invented, it was designed to fit their needs, so it is a logical and exact system.

3. The metric system was designed to be simple! When making measurements of all kinds, it is only necessary to know a few metric units! In all, there are only 7 base units in this system of measurement! Compared to the twenty base units found in the inch-pound system of measurement, it is much easier to remember. The metric system also follows the decimal number system, so each metric unit increases or decreases in size by 10. (Ex. 1 meter = 10 decimeters; 1 decimeter = 10 centimeters; etc.)

Exercise 2.  Answer the following questions.

1. Who is considered the founding “father” of metric system?

2. When was the metric system officially adopted?

3. Name all measures of the units mentioned in the text?

4. What are the benefits of the metric system?

Exercise 3.  Remember the grammar «Types of questions», ask all types of question to the following sentences from the text.

1. In 1670, Mouton proposed a decimal system of measurement.

2. The U.S. Congress declared the system lawful in commerce throughout the nation in 1866.

3. The metric system was designed to be simple.

Тема 4. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Образование и употребление глаголов Future Continuous (Progressive). (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия повторяется тема Future Continuous (Progressive)

Future Continuous (Progressive) – будущее длительное время. Как и другие времена группы Continuous, оно указывает на продолжительное действие, которое происходит в определенный момент времени. В данном случае — в будущем. В отличие от Future Simple (простого будущего времени), в Future Continuous время действия в будущем указывается конкретно (в пять часов; с четверга по воскресенье; на протяжении недели и т.д.) или должно подразумеваться из контекста.

Правила образования Future Continuous

Утверждение:    will (shall) + be + глагол с окончанием -ing.                    Отрицание:         will (shall) + not + be + глагол с окончанием –ing.                     Вопрос:                        Will + подлежащее + be + глагол с окончанием -ing

ВАЖНО: Вспомогательный глагол will используется со всеми подлежащими (I / He / She / It / You / We / They). В редких случаях в британском английском языке с подлежащими I и we можно встретить использование глагола shall. Сейчас он используется гораздо реже will, но его можно встретить в речи британцев, официальных документах и художественной литературе.

I shall be dancing — Я буду танцевать.                                                                                         She will be writing — Она будет писать.                                                                           I will not be swimming — Я не буду плавать                                                               He will not be dancing — Он не будет танцевать                                                      Shall I be driving all night long? — Я буду вести машину всю ночь?                       Will she be drawing? — Она будет рисовать?                                                             Will we be walking? — Мы будем гулять?

Когда употребляется Future Continuous?

Future Continuous употребляется для выражения какого-то действия в определенный заранее известный момент в будущем. Это может быть конкретное время или день или даже год.

Рассмотрим основные случаи употребления Future Continuous в предложениях:

▪           Действия в конкретный момент времени в будущем

Для этого обычно используются слова и фразы вроде at midnight (в полночь), this time next week (в это время на следующей неделе), at 5 o’clock tomorrow (завтра в пять часов) и другие.

▪           Несколько действий в будущем, которые будут происходить одновременно

Tom will be slicing cheese and I will be meeting the guests — Том будет нарезать сыр, а я буду встречать гостей

•    Неизбежные действия

Это такие будущие события, которые точно произойдут в результате каких-либо подготовительных действий или просто естественным путём. Мы уверены, что будет так и никак иначе.

John and I made a deal. I shall be feeding his cat next week — Мы с Джоном заключили сделку. Я буду кормить его кота на следующей неделе

▪    Запланированные действия

Для выражения каких-то планов на будущее чаще всего используется время Present Continuous (настоящее длительное время), но иногда можно встретить и конструкцию с Future Continuous, смысл несколько отличается.

Сравните: They will be moving to Moscow next Monday (Future Continuous) / They are moving to Moscow next Monday (Present Continuous) — Они переезжают в Москву в следующий понедельник

В примере с Future Continuous говорится о том, что весь понедельник они будут заниматься переездом, акцент на действии, которое будет длиться определенное время в будущем. При помощи Present Continuous сообщается чёткий, уверенный план на ближайшее будущее.

•    Вежливый вопрос

Конструкцию Future Continuous можно использовать, чтобы аккуратно и вежливо узнать у собеседника о планах на ближайшее будущее.

Will you be going to the kitchen later? Bring me an apple, please — Ты пойдешь на кухню позже? Захвати мне яблоко, пожалуйста

Маркеры времени Future Continuous

•    at 3 o’clock (в три часа)

•    this time tomorrow (завтра в это же время)

•    at that moment (в тот момент)

•    meanwhile / meantime (тем временем)

•    from...till… / from...to…. (с...до...)

•    during that time (в течение этого времени)

•    during the day (в течение дня)

•    during the afternoon (в течение обеда)

•    for 5 hours (на протяжение пяти часов)

•    for a week (на протяжение недели)

•    for months (месяцами)

•    all night (всю ночь)

•    all day long (целый день)

•    the whole morning (все утро)

•    the whole year (целый год) АТЬСЯ

Exercise 1. Open the brackets using Future Continuous:

1. This time next month I (to climb) the mountain or (to swim) at the sea.

2. At 9 a.m. she (to be) in the library. She (to work).

3. You (to use) your car tomorrow evening? I am going for a date.

4. At 12.35 tomorrow I (to have) a lunch with my colleague.

5. You (to pass) the bank on your way home?

6. I (to visit) Jenny tomorrow evening. Do you want me to tell her anything?

7. What are you planning to do tomorrow at 6 p.m.  I (to watch) football game.

8. You (to be) free tomorrow at 6.30 p.m.? No, I (to wait) for my doctor. But I (to be) free at 8 p.m.

9. I want to meet with you tomorrow. Ok, but I (to play) tennis all morning. Call me after midday.

10. We need to cancel our plans. Tomorrow evening I (to cook) with my mother as a lot of guests will arrive.

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Завтра я буду готовить весь день.

2.Что ты будешь делать в 5 вечера? Я буду проверять домашнее задание своего брата.

3.Завтра в 8 они будут писать эссе к экзамену.

4.В это же время завтра я буду читать книгу о великих ученых и их открытиях.

5. Мой учитель будет звонить мне завтра с 3 до 4  и мы будем готовить статью к конференции в это время.

6. Всю следующую неделю я буду навещать тебя регулярно.

7. Я не буду звонить тебе весь день.

8. Мой брат будет готовиться к экзаменам на протяжении следующих месяцев.

9. Они будут читать статью в 7 часов завтра.

10. Тебе придется идти домой одному. Я прочитаю здесь еще некоторое время. Ведь завтра библиотека будет закрыта. Увидемся в понедельник в университете.

Тема 5. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Образование и употребление глаголов в Present Perfect. (2 часа)

В рамках данного занятия повторяется тема Present Perfect.

Present Perfect — это настоящее совершенное время в английском языке. Оно обозначает действие, которое завершилось в настоящий момент времени. В этом и состоит основная сложность времени Present Perfect для изучающих. В русском языке нет времени аналогичного Present Perfect. Для нас если что-то происходит сейчас — это и есть настоящее, а если совершилось — это уже прошлое. Но не для англичан. Они воспринимают время немного по-другому. По логике носителей языка, действие вполне может закончиться и в настоящем или близко к настоящему моменту. Для выражения такой связи прошлого с настоящим и существует Present Perfect. Из-за этих особенностей в понимании действий и времени — на русский язык Present Perfect обычно переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени.

I have already done my homework — Я уже сделал домашнее задание

Образование Present Perfect

Утверждение:

have / has + глагол в 3 форме (V3, если глагол неправильный) или глагол с окончанием –ed (если глагол правильный).

Вспомогательный глагол меняется в зависимости от подлежащего:

I / You / We / They → have (для 1-го, 2-го лица и форм множественного числа)

She / He / It → has (для 3-го лица единственного числа)

have / has и смыслового глагола с окончанием -ed для правильных глаголов или третьей формы неправильного глагола (V3)

·        I have decided — Я решил

·        He has done — Он сделал

Отрицание: Подлежащее + have/has+ not + Ved (V3)

·        I have not done my homework — Я не сделал домашнюю работу

·        She has not finished her tasks — Она не выполнила свои задачи

Вопрос: Have/has + подлежащее + Ved (V3)

·        Have I bought all the presents? — Я купил все подарки?

·        Has she just arrived home? — Она только что приехала домой?

Когда употребляется Present Perfect?

•    Завершенное действие в настоящем

В таком случае акцент ставится на результат завершенного действия.

I have cooked a good dinner — Я приготовил хороший ужин (действие завершилось, результат — хороший ужин)

•    Незавершенное действие в настоящем

Время Present Perfect используется в случае, когда мы описываем действие, которое началось в прошлом, еще не закончилось в настоящем, но результат очевиден.

I’ve written five pages of the new book this morning — Я написал пять страниц новой книги этим утром (утро еще не закончилось, он может написать еще несколько страниц)

•    Факт действия / личный опыт

Если говорящему важно подчеркнуть факт какого-то свершившегося события без точного указания времени. Часто это время используется, когда мы говорим о своем прошлом опыте или же, спрашиваем об этом своего собеседника.

I have been to Bratislava — Я был (бывал) в Братиславе

Have you ever been to France? — Ты когда-нибудь был (бывал) во Франции?

Маркеры времени Present Perfect

•    never (никогда)

•    ever (когда-либо)

•    already (уже)

•    yet (еще) / not yet (еще нет)

•    often (часто)

•    lately (в последнее время)

•    just (только что)

•    once (однажды)

•    recently (недавно)

•    before (раньше)

•    today (сегодня)

•    this week (на этой неделе)

•    this year (в этом году)

•    for an hour (в течение часа)

•    for a long time (долгое время)

•    since two o’clock – с двух часов

Exercise 1. Open the brackets using Present Perfect:

1.     I (to live) in Russia for many years.

2.     Mike (to visit) Paris several times.

3.     She (to start) a new job.

4.     We (to receive) a lot of presents lately.

5.     My mother (to work) in the library all her life.

6.     My sister recently (to enter) this university.

7.     He (to lose) his passport.

8.     I (to know) Kate since we were at school together.

9.     They (to buy) a new car.

10.  I already (to meet) this person.

11.  Anna (to eat) five apples today.

12.  My friends already (to see) this film.

13.  My parents (to know) each other for many years.

14.  I (to drive) this car since 2015.

15.  We already ( to do) all the housework.

16.  She (to close) the door.

17.  I (to read) a lot of magazines in the last few days.

18.  Mike never (to be) to England before.

Exercise 2. Make sentences from the words below.

1.   Buy/ we/ a new house.

2.   She/ their/ feed/ already/ dog.

3.   Never/ fly / I/ a plane.

4.   This/ read/ Anna/ already/ book

5.   since 2010/ I/ in school / work

6.   they/ all homework/ not do/ yet

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences from Russian into in English:

11.                                               У нас никогда не было собаки.

12.                                               Это лучшая книга из тех, что я когда-либо читал.

13.                                               Кейт была в Англии несколько раз.

14.                                               Они уже смотрели этот фильм.

15.                                               Дождь еще не закончился.

16.                                               Я живу здесь с 2010 года.

Exercise 4. Put the words in the gaps using Present Perfect:

                 publish, read, solve, not to be, see, play                                 

1.   Mike never _ this book.

2.   I _ abroad since 2015.

3.   She _ the piano before.

4.   They already _ my new article.

5.   David _ his brother since he moved to Moscow.

6.   He _ this problem yet.

Тема 6. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Чтение и перевод текстов по теме. Повторение типов вопросов. (2 часа)

British scientists and inventors

Science has been a driving force behind the evolution of the modern world. British scientists have made immense contribution to the different fields including physics and biology.Isaac Newton is considered by many to be one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution. He developed the theory of colour, studied the speed of sound and formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation (published in 1687), which dominated scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.The main discoveries of Michael Faraday (1791-1867) include those of electromagnetic induction and electrolysis. Charles Darwin introduced his revolutionary theory of evolution in his book 'On the Origin of Species' published in 1859. It changed the way the world look at the creation of life. Many English inventors of the present and of the past literally changed our world. Steam engine constructed by a Scottish inventor and engineer James Watt (1736 - 1819) was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. The first mechanical computer created by a mathematician and philosopher Charles Babbage (1791-1871) eventually led to more complex designs. But the computer we know today would not be possible without a pioneering British computer scientist Alan Turing. During the Second World War this mathematician and his team were successful in deciphering the German coding machine 'Enigma'. If Babbage is considered by some to be a «father of the computer», Turing is widely declared to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. And the author of undoubtedly one of the most revolutionary inventions of the 20th century - the World Wide Web (WWW), - is another British Computer Scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee (born in 1955). In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work. Some of the discoveries and invention of these scientists have inspired some people to take up science as a career. The list of British scientists and their contribution towards science is a long one and embraces several centuries up to modern days.

Exercise 1. Learn the following words and word combinations:

1.     artificial intelligence, ai - искусственный разум

2.     contribution - вклад

3.     dominate - господствовать, преобладать

4.     driving force - движущая сила

5.     eventually - в итоге, в конце концов, со временем

6.     fundamental - основной, основополагающий

7.     immense - огромный, необъятный

8.     industrial revolution - промышленная революция

9.     influential - влиятельный

10.  key figure - ведущая, ключевая фигура

11.  to knight - посвящать в рыцари

12.  laws of motion - законы движения

13.  literally - буквально

14.  pioneering - новаторский

15.  species - виды

16.  steam engine - паровой двигатель

17.  universal gravitation - всемирное тяготение

18.  undoubtedly - несомненно, бесспорно

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. Name the most famous British Scientists of 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, 20th and 21th century.

2. What important scientific discoveries were made by Isaac Newton?

3. Who discovered electromagnetic induction?

4. What is the name of the book where Charles Darwin described the theory of evolution?

5. How did the invention of steam engine changed the world?

6. Who is considered to be a «the father of a computer» and who is considered to be «the father of AI»?

7. What is Enigma?

8. Why was Tim Berners-Lee knighted?

9. Why did some inventions of British scientists «literary change the world»? Give examples.

10. Make a timeline of important discoveries and inventions made by British scientists.

Тема 7. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Чтение и перевод текстов о великих ученых. Научно-популярные статьи о физических явлениях природы. (2 часа)

Text 1. The nature of matter

Vocabulary

to consist - состоять

matter — вещество, материал

weight - вес

solid - твёрдый

liquid - жидкий

definite - определённый

considerable - значительный

force - сила

shape - размер

volume - объём

densely - плотно

movement — движение, подвижность

crystelline - кристаллический

amorphous - аморфный

pattern — образец, модель

melting - плавление

to soften — смягчать, размягчаться

rigid — жёсткий, твёрдый

attract — привлекать, притягивать

loosely - свободно

to pour - наливать

however — тем не менее, несмотря на

oxygen - кислород

carbon dioxid — углекислый газ

to diffuse — рассеивать(ся)

to spread out - распространять(ся)

widely - широко

rapidly - быстро

to compress - сжимать(ся)

to expand - расширять(ся)

to adapt to - приспосабливать(ся)

area — площадь, зона

Everything around us consists of matter: a book, your body, the air you breathe, and the water you drink. Matter is anything that has weight or mass and takes up space.

All matter may be classified as either solid, liquid, or gas. Solids are firm and have a definite form. Rubber, wood, glass, iron, cotton, and sand are all classified as solids. A considerable force would be needed to change the shape of volume of an iron bar, for example, because the atoms or moiecules of a solid are densely packed and have very little freedeom of movement.

Solids may be further devided into 2 classes: crystelline and amorphous. Crystalline solids (rocks, woode, paper etc,) are made up of atoms arranged in a definite pattern. When these solids are heated, they change to a liquid, known as melting, is sharp and clear. In amorphous substances (rubber, glass and suifur), the pattern of the atoms is not orderly, and when heated, they gradually soften.

Liquids are not rigid. The atoms or molecules of liquids attract each other and thereby enable liquids to flow. But these atoms are loosely structured and do not keep their shape. Therefore a liquid will take the shape of any container in which it is poured, however, liquids have a definite volume: a quart of milk cannot fit in a pint container.

Gases, such as air, oxygen, and carbon dioxid, have no fixed shape or volume of their own. They diffuse or spread out to fill any container. The atoms or molecules of gases are widely spaced and move very rapidly, they either compress or expand to adapt to any area.

Text 2. Electrical conductivity

Matter is frequently classified according to its electrical copnductivity as a conductor, nonconductor, or semiconductor. Conductors have many electrons that are free to move and are useful in carrying, or conducting, electric current. All metals, particularly silver, copper, gold, and aluminum, are good conductors. Substances with few free electrons are called nonconductors, or insulators, because they do not carry electric charge and can be used to prevent electricity from flowing where it is not wanted. Air, wood, glass, and plastic are insulators. A few substances, like carbon, silicon, and germanium, do not fall into either of these categories. They are classed as semiconductors and are used in such electronic devices and transistor radios.

Answer the questions:

1.     What are these texts about?

2.     What physical phenomena were mentioned in the texts?

3.     What physical phenomena do you know?

Тема 7. Цифры, числа, математические действия. Основные геометрические понятия и физические явления. Чтение и перевод текстов о великих ученых. Научно-популярные статьи о физических явлениях природы.  Контроль изученного материала. (2 часа)

Text 1. Great physicists

Exercise 1. Read the facts below and say what scientists did those discoveries:

1.     He introduced several words that we still use today to discuss electricity: ion, electrode, cathode and anode.

2.     The SI unit of energy is named after him.

3.     He defined the fundamental relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

4.     He is known as the father of nuclear physics.

5.     The SI unit of frequency is named after him.

6.     The SI unit of measuring current is named after him.

7.     Among his discoveries and inventions were the telescope, compass and thermometer.

8.     The SI unit of power is named after him.

Exercise 2. Read the text and learn if you were right with your answers.

While there is a long list of famous inventors in the field of Physics, there are some scientists whose contributions formed the base of every other study and research.

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

An Italian genius, Galileo Galilei created the telescope and observed the galaxy in so much depth, that his ideas were deemed irrational. Galileo not only discovered the phases of Venus, the four satellites of Jupiter, but also proved that the ocean tides were caused due to the gravitational pull of the moon and not due to the earth's rotation. Compass and thermometer were also his inventions. This stalwart, who had magnified the galaxy a thousand times for us, died after he had turned completely blind.

JAMES WATT (1736-1819)

While repairing a damaged steam engine, Watt found out that it was hopelessly

inefficient and tried to improve its design. He tried to minimize the steam losses by designing a condensing chamber for the steam. This design made the machine more cost-efficient and also improved its power. Whereas the SI unit of power, "Watt'', is named after him, the concept of 'horsepower' was also his brainchild.

ANDRÉ-MARIE AMPÈRE (1775 - 1836)

He is rightly known as the father of electrodynamics. He was the one who laid the foundation of electrodynamics. The galvanometer was his invention, and he stated that it can be used for measuring the magnitude of current by the deflection of the compass needle, caused by a flowing electric current. The SI unit for measuring current, ''Ampere'', is named after him. He not only made giant strides in physics, but also mathematics and chemistry.

 GEORG OHM (1776 - 1856)

As a high school teacher, Ohm started his research with the electrochemical cell own creation, Ohm discovered that the flow of electric current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference, or voltage, and inversely proportional to the resistance. This fundamental relationship is known as Ohm's law. Ohm's law first appeared in the famous book The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically (1827), in which he gave his complete theory of electricity.

MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867)

If it were not for Faraday, electricity would not have come to practical use. He was the one who invented electromagnetic rotary devices, and formed the foundation of electric motor technology. He was also a chemist who discovered benzene. He tried to popularize terms such as cathode, anode and electrode. Faraday explained his ideas in a clear and simple way, and is considered to be one of the greatest discoverers of all time. Several concepts that he derived directly from experiments, such as lines of magnetic force, have become common ideas in modern physics.

JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE (1818-1889)

Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the theory of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after him. He worked with Lord Kelvin to develop the absolute scale of temperature, made observations on magnetostriction and found the relationship between the flow of current through a resistance and the heat dissipated, now called Joule's law.

HEINRICH HERTZ (1857-1894)

Heinrich Hertz was the pioneer who proved the existence of electromagnetic waves and made possible the development of radio, television, and radar by proving that electricity can be transmitted in electromagnetic waves. He explained and expanded the electromagnetic theory of light that had been put forth by Maxwell. His undertakings earned him the honour of having his surname assigned to the international unit of frequency − the term ''Hertz''. He had published several papers and articles on diverse topics like meteorology and contact mechanics.

LORD ERNEST RUTHERFORD (1871-1937)

He is considered to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday. He is also known as the father of nuclear physics. He was one who stated that whenever there is radioactivity, the chemical element emitting the radio waves undergoes transmutation from one form to another. He differentiated the emitted radiations and named them as alpha and beta. He had also put forth the famous Rutherford model of atom in 1911.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the word combinations:

steam engine; condensing chamber for the steam; deflection of the compass needle; directly proportional; inversely proportional; electromagnetic rotary devices; electric motor technology; to emit radio waves.

Exercise 4. Find the equivalents in the text:

спутник, вращение земли, заложить основы, экономичный, единица измерения мощности, лошадиная сила, электродинамика, гальванометр, измерять магнитострикция, экспериментатор.

Exercise 5. Group the words from the lists А and В as synonyms. Find the sentences in the texts with the synonyms.

А. deem, absurd, magnify, inefficient, brainchild, strides

В. advance, consider, invention, enlarge, irrational, ineffective

Exercise 6. A) What statements (1-3) given below are true for the scientists (A-C)

1. .......... is known as the 'wizard of Menlo Park'.

2. ........ is is best known for discovering the Law of Gravity.

3. .......... is best known for his Theory of Relativity.

B) Read the texts and find them sentences proving your thoughts.

SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1643-1727)

"All saw the apple fall but only Newton thought over it" − is a popular quote about Newton. Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist, known for his most influential work in history of physical sciences, The Principia, gave the revolutionary concept of gravitation and changed the world of physics. In his book Newton also mentioned about the three laws of motion and principles of classic mechanics. Newton's Laws of Motion and universal gravitation laid the foundation for most of the modern physics. His work on the laws of motion became the basis for the science of mechanics. He was not only a physicist but also a mathematics wizard. His major work on gravitation, mechanics, optics, and the calculus, was accomplished within a few years in the mid-1660s but was not published formally until 1687 in The Principia 1704 in Optiks. With equal originality, he also immersed himself in chemistry and left a few manuscripts on the subject, which later served as a base for the future scientists to develop on.

THOMAS EDISON (1847-1931)

Without a doubt, the greatest inventor of the modern era has been Thomas Edison. Many of his over one thousand inventions have profoundly changed the lives of nearly everyone in the world. Edison's first job (1859) was operating a newstand on the railroad that ran from Port Huron to Detroit. To make the trips more interesting, Edison installed a printing press and chemistry lab in a boxcar. In 1862, he learned to use a railroad telegraph. With his friend Franklin T. Pope, Edison formed an electrical engineering firm, based in Newark, New Jersey. With Pope, and later alone, Edison eventually earned about 200 patents for telegraph systems and devices. In 1876, in Menlo Park, New Jersey, Edison founded his famous "invention factory." Edison's first great Menlo Park invention was the phonograph (1877), although he did not bring it to market for ten years. Edison installed the first reliable, durable electric lights in his own labs, and later built the first public power station, in Manhattan's financial district (1882). In total, Edison accumulated 1,093 US patents. Only a few inventors have earned half as many.

ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955)

This theoretical physicist shook the world with one of the most interesting and intriguing theories in physics, the Theory of Relativity. Einstein's Theory of Relativity has given birth to a new branch of relativistic mechanics. Einstein is famous for a number of reasons, but perhaps his most well known accomplishment is a very simple mathematical equation: e=mc^2. In 1921, Albert Einstein was awarded The Nobel Prize in physics ''for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect''. In collaboration with others Einstein developed the model of wormholes. A wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature of space time that would be basically a shortcut through space time.

Exercise 7. А) Do you know Famous Russian physicists? Name them using the list from 1-10.

1. Alexander Stepanovich Popov

2. Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov

3. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa

4. Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich

5. Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov

6. Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz

7. Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky

9. Abram Fedorovich Ioffe

8. Lev Davidovich Landau

10.Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov

В) Using the Internet find the information about Russian scientists and fill the table. Tell your group mates about one of them.

Famous Russian Physicists	Inventions
Alexander Popov− the first inventor of the radio.	In 1895 Popov invented a ''device for detecting and registering electric oscillations'', which became the first type of radio receiver in wireless telegraphy

Exercise 8. Using the Internet and the texts from the lessons, find the information about scientists and fill the table. 

SCIENTIST	NATIONALITY	FIELDS OF EXPERTISE	NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS (PHYSICS)
Sir Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)	English	mathematics, physics, astronomy, philosophy, alchemy, theology	Law of gravity and laws of motion

Документы (письма, контракты). (10 часов)

Тема 1. Документы (письма, контракты). Основы технического перевода. Правила оформления корреспонденции. (2 часа)

Цели перевода

Цель всякого перевода с иностранного языка на родной – познакомить читателя с каким-либо текстом. Перевод должен в полной мере соответствовать нормам того языка, на который он сделан. Процесс письменного перевода включает два этапа: на первом этапе необходимо понять смысл переводимого, на втором – найти адекватные средства выражения в переводящем языке (слова, термины, словосочетания, грамматические формы), необходимые для правильного истолкования переводимого текста.

Грамматические проблемы перевода

Первый случай - это отсутствие в русском языке некоторых категорий и форм английского. Например, формы Continuous, Perfect и Perfect Continuous не имеют соответствий в русском языке. Нет в русском языке и артиклей. Нет конструкции, соответствующей английскому сложному дополнению. При переводе необходимо найти в русском языке те средства, которые обеспечат точность передачи смысла. Так, вместо неопределенного артикля часто используют слова «один», «какой-то»,  «некий»; различие между неопределенным  и определенным артиклями иногда передается порядком слов в предложениях. Для передачи неопределенных местоимений one, you, they используют безличные предложения или неопределенно-личные. Таким образом, отсутствие в языке перевода тех или иных грамматических средств компенсируется с помощью других грамматических или словарных средств.

Второй случай расхождения – когда в русском языке имеются широко употребительные элементы (например, вид глагола, уменьшительные суффиксы и т.д.), не имеющие соответствия в английском.

Русское деепричастие, не имеющее соответствия в английском языке, часто используется для перевода английских причастий (Having arrived early… - Приехав заранее…) или обстоятельственных придаточных предложений (When he arrived…- Прибыв…).

Лексические проблемы перевода

Третья важная проблема перевода – это значения слов, составляющих предложение, и передача их средствами русского языка. Соотношение английского слова и русского может быть однозначным, как, например, при переводе названий дней недели или месяцев, терминов родства и т.п.

Однако, чаще всего слова обоих языков многозначны, и их значение определяется в контексте, что необходимо учитывать при переводе. В словаре значения многозначного слова даются с пометкой части речи, поэтому важно, проанализировав предложения, правильно установить грамматическую функцию каждого незнакомого слова.

Иногда в одном языке практически невозможно найти какое-либо соответствие слову в другом языке. Обычно это слова, обозначающие понятия, отсутствующие в другой культуре. Некоторые слова, обозначающие обычные предметы, имеют неполное соответствие в другом языке.

Значения большего числа слов, в частности обозначающих общественно-политические и научные понятия, можно угадать, так как эти слова совпадают по звучанию и значению. Их называют интернациональными словами. Например, diesel – «дизель», gas – «газ», signal – «сигнал»,  transport – «транспорт».

Однако в число интернациональных слов входят и так называемые «ложные друзья переводчика». Они являются ложными эквивалентами сходных по звучанию слов другого языка. Так, английское слово accuracy переводится не «аккуратность», а «точность, правильность», или list – «список, перечень», production – «производство».

Реалии, не имеющие соответствий в другом языке, часто просто транслитерируются, т.е. передаются буквами другого языка (сэр, мисс, мистер).

Любое слово иностранного языка может быть переведено на другой язык описательно.

Определенные трудности представляет и передача географических названий, имен, названий газет, учреждений и т.п. Чаще всего они транслитерируются, но, когда речь идет о широко распространенных названиях, следует руководствоваться традицией.

Также сложность представляет перевод фразеологизмов. В русском  языке им могут соответствовать фразеологизмы с тем же значением, но с другим словарным составом компонентов. Например, it isn’t really my cup of tea – «это мне не по вкусу, это не по мне».

Перевод терминов

В научных текстах важную роль играют термины.

Термины – это отдельные слова или словосочетания, имеющие специальное значение в какой-либо области науки и техники и обозначающие названия предметов, понятий или процессов, описывающих эту область. В качестве терминов могут употребляться обычные слова, которые получают в научно-техническом тексте строго однозначное значение, соотносимое с определенным понятием, которое выявляется в контексте.

В качество терминов могут использоваться слова и словосочетания различных типов: steam engine – «паровой двигатель».

Конечно, одни и те же слова могут приобретать разные терминологические значения в разных областях науки и техники. Для правильного перевода термина нужно понимать, о чем идет речь в данном контексте. Кроме того, нужно уметь пользоваться двуязычными словарями, в которых даются соответствия терминов, принятые в обоих языках. Скажем, сочетание brown coal нельзя перевести на русский буквально «коричневый уголь», поскольку в русском языке принят термин «бурый уголь».

Проблемы и особенности научно-технических переводов

Одним из сложнейших видов переводов, безусловно, является технический перевод, ведь для адекватного интерпретирования материала на другой язык требуются не только лингвистические, но и технические знания.

Что же такое технический перевод? Все узкоспециализированные материалы с научно-технической терминологией, будь-то научные физико-математические доклады или технические разработки в области кораблестроения, самолетостроения, строительства железных дорог, инструкции по использованию бытовых электрических приборов или полный комплект технической документации для тяжелого машиностроения - все это относится к техническим текстам.

Основная задача перевода научно-технических текстов - достоверное доведение информации, логически осмысленное, выдержанное в стиле документа, с учетом всей специфики терминологии. Технический текст не может быть свободным пересказом, даже при сохранении смысла переводимого документа. В нем не должно содержаться никаких эмоциональных высказываний и субъективных оценок.

Основные особенности перевода научно-технических текстов, в первую очередь, проявляются именно в обязательном знании всех терминов, касающихся конкретной технической области перевода, переводчик должен понимать не только смысл переводимых слов, но и учитывать все нюансы их применения.

Стоит отметить, что при качественном техническом переводе обязательно выдерживается стиль оригинального документа. Обычно все документы научно-технического характера имеют основные черты. Это - четкий и краткий характер изложения, строгое соблюдение технической терминологии, ясная логическая последовательность информации, однозначность и конкретность при трактовке фактов. Все требования к оригиналу автоматически переносятся и к переведенному документу.

Правильность перевода правил безопасности или инструкций для пользования техническими средствами предполагает большую ответственность, т.к. всегда существуют строгие ограничения, несоблюдение которых может привести к травмам и даже к смертельному исходу. Можно остановить целое огромное предприятие, если неправильно перевести материал, не разобравшись в специфике технологического процесса.

Значительные трудности при переводе технической документации, железнодорожных текстов или научных работ возникают, когда слово имеет несколько значений. Выбрать то, которое не искажает не только смысл перевода, но и дает правильную трактовку термина для конкретного технического случая – это мастерство. Ведь иногда техническая терминология может поставить в затруднительное положение и человека с инженерным образованием, особенно, если в разных технических областях применяются совершенно разные значения одного и того же слова. Нередко приходится учитывать и региональные смысловые различия, для разных стран перевод одного и того же термина может звучать по-разному.

Еще одна немаловажная проблема – это наличие в текстах аббревиатур или сокращений, которые не всегда понятны даже техническим специалистам. Например, RZD – РЖД, RY – жд (железная дорога), d.c. – постоянный ток.

Немало трудностей возникает и с переводом новых технических слов, которые в нашей стране еще официально не прижились. В таком случае специалисту приходиться искать и выбирать разнообразные варианты подходящих тематических русских слов, полностью соответствующих первоисточнику. 

Практические советы

1. Прежде чем приступать к переводу, ознакомьтесь с текстом. Прочтите его и постарайтесь уяснить, о чем он.

2. Если перевод первого предложения не вызывает у вас затруднений, начинайте перевод. Если это сложное предложение, содержащее придаточные предложения, обороты с причастием 1 и причастием 11 и т.п., начинайте с анализа предложения. В сложноподчиненном предложении найдите главное и придаточное предложения, в сложносочиненном – составляющие его простые предложения. В каждом предложении сначала выделите группу подлежащего и группу сказуемого. Затем найдите другие члены предложения. Для правильного перевода необходимо понять, формой какого времени активного или пассивного залога выражено сказуемое.

3. Незнакомые слова ищите в словаре, определив предварительно, какой частью речи они являются в данном предложении. Помните. Что многие английские слова многозначны и вам придется просмотреть всю словарную статью, прежде чем вы найдете то значение, которое подходит по содержанию.

4. Помните о порядке слов в предложении. В повествовательном предложении на первом месте находится подлежащее, а за ним следует сказуемое. В вопросе – в начале стоит вопросительное слово (если это специальный вопрос), за ним следует вспомогательный глагол, далее – подлежащее, а за ним остальная часть сказуемого. В вопросах к подлежащему и его определению сказуемое стоит непосредственно за вопросительным словом, которое и является подлежащим.

5. Вполне допустим предварительный дословный перевод английского предложения как средство уяснения его смысла. Однако затем следует подыскать такие средства русского языка, которые адекватно передают смысл английского предложения, но согласуются с нормами русского языка.

6. Если при переводе получается бессмысленное или непонятное предложение, это значит, что при анализе предложения или нахождении значений незнакомых слов была допущена ошибка.

7. При переводе текстов по железнодорожной тематике применяйте знания, полученные на других специализированных предметах.

Тема 2. Документы (письма, контракты). Чтение деловой переписки. Написание ответа на письмо. (2 часа)

Как правильно писать письмо на английском языке

В правом верхнем углу укажите адрес в следующем порядке (порядок обратный российскому):

квартира
номер дома, название улицы (между номером дома и названием улицы обычно ставится запятая)

город
страна

Под адресом, пропустив строку, необходимо написать дату письма:

June 4th, 2018
4 June 2018

Письмо начинается с неофициального обращения. После обращения ставится запятая:

Dear Tim,
      Dear Rebecca,

Разделите текст письма на несколько логических абзацев, каждый из которых начните с красной строки.

1. В первом абзаце вам следует поблагодарить своего друга за его письмо:

Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter.
Your last letter was a real surprise.
I was glad to get your letter.
It was great to hear from you! / I was happy to hear…

Вы можете также извиниться за то, что не писали раньше:

Sorry I haven’t written for so long but …/ Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long.
I’m sorry I haven’t answered earlier but I was really busy with my study.

и/или упомянуть какой-либо факт из полученного письма:

I’m glad you passed your History test!
Sounds like you had a great time in London!
Great news about your…!

2. Основная часть письма (2–3 абзаца). Не забудьте задать необходимые вопросы.

Предполагается, что письмо должно быть написано в неформальном стиле, поэтому вы можете использовать неформальные слова-связки, такие как well, by the way, anyway, разговорные выражения типа Guess what? Или Wish me luck!

3. В последнем параграфе объясните, почему вы заканчиваете письмо:
Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework.
Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to help her with the washing up.
I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show.

и упомяните о дальнейших контактах:
Write (back) soon!
Take care and keep in touch!
Hope to hear from you soon.
I can’t wait to hear from you!

В конце письма на отдельной строке указывается завершающая фраза-клише, которая зависит от того, насколько близки автор и адресат. После нее всегда ставится запятая!

All the best,
Best wishes,
With best wishes,
Yours,

На следующей строке под завершающей фразой указывается имя автора (без фамилии!). Например:

Andy

Kate

Exercise 1. Read the personal letter and translate it.

Kuznetsov Nikolay

15, 6 Sirenevaya st.,

Novosibirsk 827193

Russia

Dear Jennifer,

Thanks for your letter, I was so happy to get it! Glad to hear that you have won the running competition! Congratulations on your first place, Jen!

You are asking me about my plans for the summer holidays. Well, I am going to spend this summer together with my family. We like to travel, so all summer we will spend in different countries. We are going to visit Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, France and Germany. I really dream to see the Coliseum. I am fond of ancient Roman history since my childhood. And I consider that it was a great empire which had no equal in all the world.

And what about your summer holidays, Jen? Are you going to go abroad or will you stay home? And when do you have next competition? Send me a picture with your gold medal!

Please give my warm regards to your parents and brother. I often remember my journey to New York and your hospitality. It was great!

Well, got to go now. Looking forward to hearing from you!

Love,

Nick

Exercise 2. Write a letter to a person. Follow the instruction.

Letter 1

You have received a letter from your English -speaking pen-friend Mary who writes:

…At the lessons of biology we are studying different plants native to a certain area. Could you tell me which trees are the most wide spread in Russia?
As for our news, we are in Scotland. What a relaxing place it is! I wish I could describe how beautiful the local lochs are…

Write a letter to Mary.
In your letter:
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about her holiday in Scotland
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 2

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann who writes:

…At school I won an annual prize for the best research into the culture of a foreign country…
As for our news, we decided to move into a house in a new neighbourhood which is considered the best in our city…

Write a letter to Ann.
In your letter:
• congratulate Ann
• ask 3 questions about her new house
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 3

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

…At school we play rugby and basketball. Could you tell me what sport games you and your classmates play?
As for my family news, my sister Jane entered Oxford University…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his sister Jane
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 4

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

..My friends and I are planning to come to Moscow for a week in January. Could you tell me what the weather is like in Moscow at this time of the year and what clothes we should take?

As for my news, last Friday I went to the Globe Theatre…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his visit to the Globe Theatre
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 5

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

..My friends and I are doing a project about professions which are in great demand. Could you tell me about occupations which are the most important to your mind?
As for my news, my Grandpa came to visit us…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his Grandpa’s visit
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 6

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann who writes:

…At school we are carrying out a survey on generation gap. Tell me please if there are any problems between your parents and you? What about your friends?
As for my news, my parents presented me with a book about English traditional cooking…

Write a letter to Ann.
In your letter:
• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about cooking
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 7

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

…I got interested in rap. What is your attitude to it? What about your friends?
I began learning to play the guitar…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his music lessons
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 8

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

…My friends and I decided to do a project about people’s hobbies. Have you got any hobbies? What about your friends?

My brother Jack got ill…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his brother’s illness
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 9

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

…In yesterday’s magazine I saw a picture of St. Basil’s Cathedral. It struck me greatly. Are there any other beautiful cathedrals in Moscow?
We decided to make a swimming pool…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his new swimming pool
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Letter 10

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Paul who writes:

…The other day I saw a TV programme on tornadoes and got interested in them. I decided to make a report on natural disasters of the world. Could you tell me what natural disasters may happen in Russia?
I have got a niece. She was born two days ago. Now I’m an uncle…

Write a letter to Paul.
In your letter:
• answer his questions
• ask 3 questions about his niece
Write 100—140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.

Тема 3. Документы (письма, контракты). Правила составления резюме. (2 часа)

РЕЗЮМЕ

В деловом и бизнес направлении английского языка существует 2 типа резюме, о которых вам необходимо знать:

1.                 Resume – это небольшие сведения о вашем образовании, опыте работы и профессиональных навыках, а также умениях.

2.                 CV (Curriculum Vitae) – более полная справка, включающая подробную информацию о вашем образовании, опыте работы и профессиональных навыках, а также умениях, содержащая сведения о наградах и достижениях.

В нашей стране они используются как синонимы для определения понятия «резюме на английском языке». В последнее время граница между этими понятиями совсем размылась, и термины CV и resume можно расценивать как идентичные.

Правила написания Curriculum Vitae (резюме на английском):

Давайте более подробно остановимся на правилах написания резюме. Наши советы направлены на то, чтобы сделать ваше резюме максимально успешным и привлекательным для работодателей и вы смогли получить должность вашей мечты.

Основные правила для написания резюме на английском следующие:

1. Пишите Ваше резюме самостоятельно. Никто не сможет рассказать о вас лучше, чем вы сами.

2. По возможности адаптируйте свое CV под каждую компанию и должность. Особое внимание при этом уделите пунктам Objective (рус. Цели) и Profile (рус. Профиль).

3. Постарайтесь сделать резюме максимально кратким и лаконичным. Помните, что рекрутеры смотрят на резюме в течение лишь нескольких секунд. Уберите старый и неактуальный опыт с вашего резюме. Если ваше резюме длиннее одной страницы , убедитесь, что информация на первой странице заставит рекрутера посмотреть вторую страницу.

4. Всегда оставляйте только актуальные контакты. Убедитесь, что правильно написали адрес электронной почты.

5. Будьте точным и правдивым. Помните, что любую информацию можно проверить. Не указывайте навыков, которыми не владеете.

6. Проверьте ваше резюме на наличие ошибок, ведь даже банальная опечатка может создать о Вас впечатление, как о невнимательном человеке.

Объем резюме. Требования к шрифту и размеру

Постарайтесь уместить Ваше резюме на 1 страницу , но если у Вас большой опыт работы или несколько образований, то максимум, что Вы можете занять - это 2 страницы.

Используйте стандартный шрифт Times New Roman.  Размер шрифта основного текста – 11-12 pt , для заголовков используйте 14-16 pt.

Обязательно используйте выделение текста в резюме полужирным, курсивом и цветом. Выделите свое имя и фамилию, а также Цель (Objective) с помощью шрифта покрупнее 18-20 pt.

Абзацы в резюме

Верхнее, нижнее и левое поля - не менее 2 см , правое - 1,5 см; выравнивание основного текста по ширине или по левому краю.

Рекомендуемый междустрочный интервал для написания резюме - 1,5

Формат документа для резюме

Для пересылки резюме в электронном виде используйте формат PDF. Составьте свое резюме на английском в программе Microsoft Office Word и правильно оформите его.

После этого экспортируйте CV в формат PDF. Для этого нажмите «Файл» — «Сохранить как» и выберите формат PDF.

Так вы будете уверены, что в вашем резюме не нарушится форматирование и оно попадет к работодателю в том виде, в каком вы его отправляли.

Структура резюме на английском

Заголовок (Header) - Вместо заголовка чаще всего пишут имя соискателя - это помогает сократить объем резюме. Хотя можно и написать Resume или CV.

Личная информация (Personal information) - Обязательно включите эти пункты с личной информацией о себе в резюме на английском: Имя (Name) - если использовали свое имя в заголовке, то не повторяйтесь. Дата рождения (Date of birth) - название месяца лучше написать буквами, т.к. в некоторых странах принят другой формат написания даты. Адрес (Address) - адрес обычно пишется в таком порядке: номер дома и название улицы, номер квартиры, город, почтовый индекс, страна. Мобильный телефон (Mobile) - обязательно указывайте в международном формате, т.к. Вам могут звонить из другой страны. Эл. адрес (E-mail) - не забудьте проверить его несколько раз, иначе специалист по трудоустройству не сможет с вами связаться.

Цель (Objective) - В этом пункте нужно указать должность, на которую претендуете. Если знаете код вакансии, обязательно его напишите. Кратко расскажите, кто вы, каковы ваши навыки и что вы ожидаете от должности.

Образование (Education) - Указывайте сведения об образовании, начиная с последнего места получения образования в обратном хронологическом порядке. Обязательно укажите периоды обучения в колледжах, университетах, даты получения дипломов, ученых степеней. Упомяните семинары, тренинги, курсы повышения квалификации, если они имеют отношение к желаемой должности.

Опыт работы (Work experience) - Укажите периоды работы, должность, название компании. Опишите вашу роль на занимаемой должности одним предложением: выделите используемые и выработанные навыки, ваши задачи, обязанности и результаты (постарайтесь использовать побольше конкретики и цифр). Хотелось бы заметить, если ваш опыт значительно преобладает над образованием, вначале расположите опыт, а затем образование. Так специалист по рекрутингу обратит свое внимание на ваш послужной список первым, и вы окажетесь в более выгодной позиции.

Навыки (Skills) - Обязательно отредактируйте свое резюме, чтобы наилучшим образом отразить навыки и качества на английском, упомянутые в описании должности. О чем писать в пункте "Навыки и качества":

             Language skills — владение языками. Перечислите все языки, которыми владеете или которые изучаете. При этом для описания степени владения языками можно использовать стандартную градацию: Beginner, Elementary, Pre-Intermediate, Intermediate, Upper-Intermediate, Advanced, Proficiency.

А можно использовать следующие слова:

Пример на английском языке	Перевод
Native	родной
Fluent	свободное владение
Good reading and translating ability	читаю, перевожу со словарем
Basic knowledge	Базовые знания

Computer literacy - компьютерная грамотность (в этом пункте перечислите названия программ, с которыми вы умеете работать).

Driving license - водительские права (если они есть, обязательно упомяните об этом и укажите категорию).

Интересы и дополнительная информация (Interests & Extra information)

С этим пунктом следует быть осторожным, т.к. эта информация создает впечатление о вашей личности. Главная ошибка — рассказать потенциальному работодателю обо всех своих увлечениях на 10 страницах. Кратко упомяните о 2-3 своих хобби, напишите о своих достижениях на этом поприще, если они есть.

Рекомендации (References)

Не включайте имена и телефоны лиц, которые могут дать вам рекомендации, если вы размещаете ваше резюме в интернете или в агентстве по трудоустройству. Вместо этого пользуйтесь фразой available upon request (рус. Предоставляются по требованию).

Фотография является необязательной в резюме. Если вы ее добавляете, убедитесь, что снимок профессиональный (нейтральный фон, деловая одежда, Вы смотрите прямо в камеру и т. д.).

 Excerise 1. Read the example of CV in English and translate it into Russian.

Sara Anne Green Address (home): 47 Gerrard Street Manchester, M20 4LZ Telephone: [phone] Email: [e-mail]	A well-organized and outgoing Business Economics student graduating in June 2007 with good communication and analytical  skills, looking to develop a career as an economist within an international business environment. Fluent Spanish speaker experienced in the use of spreadsheets, databases, and similar business software.
Education and qualifications:	September 2004 - June 2007 BA (Hons) in Business Economics City University, Bristol September 1996-June 2003 Manchester School 4 A Levels: Economics (A), Information and Communication Technology (A), English (A), Spanish (B) 9 GCSEs (including A* grades in Economics, Spanish, English, Mathematics, ICT, and German)
Work experience:	July-September 2006 Administrative Assistant MKL Smith & Co (Accountants), Manchester Duties included: using spreadsheets to sort and chart financial information assisting PA with routine admin tasks July-September 2005 English Language Teaching Assistant EFL International, Seville, Spain Duties included: assisting teachers in preparing lessons administering student database liaising with local companies to organize student activities July 2003-August 2004 Various jobs (including voluntary and hotel work) and  travel in Spain and Latin America, gaining a valuable insight into the culture and spoken language of those countries.
Skills:	Advanced Certificate in MS Word, MS Excel, and MS Access (evening course, September-July 2006) Full driving licence
Interests & extra information:	Netball, travel, swimming
References:	Dr Thomas Clark Senior Lecturer in Business and Management Department of Business Organization and Strategy City University Bristol BS1 2ER Ms Susan Hunter Senior Partner MKL Smith & Co (Accountants) 231 Parker Street Manchester M20 6QR

Тема 4. Документы (письма, контракты). Составление резюме. (2 часа)

Excerise 1. Remember the rules of CV structure, write down your own CV in English using the example from the previous lesson.

Тема 5. Документы (письма, контракты). Зачет. (2 часа)

Список литературы и информационных источников:

1.   Безкоровайная Г.Т. Planet of English. Английский язык для учреждений СПО. – Образовательно – издательский центр «Академия», 2012

2.   Корнаухова Т.В., Кузнецова С.В., Мурзина В.Ю. Английский язык для физиков и технологов / Сост. Т.В. Корнаухова, С.В. Кузнецова, В.Ю. Мурзина (Пензенский государственный университет). – Пенза, 2014

3.   Левченко В.В. Английский язык - ООО «Издательство Юрайт», 2016

4.   Степанова Ж.Г., Английский язык. Самые распространенные разговорные темы = Conversational English in Dialogues / Ж.Г. Степанова. М.: АСТ: Восток – Запад, 2007. – 160 с.

5.   https://englishstudypage.com/grammar/telling-the-time-in-english/

6.   https://may.alleng.org/engl-top/784.htm

7.   https://1sept.ru

8.   https://elar.uspu.ru

9.   www.englishstudying.ru

10.            www.puzzle-english.com

11.            www.lizaenglish.ru