3. Match the words with their
definitions
|
1
|
a browser
|
A
|
to artistically
arrange the shape or layout of something
|
|
2
|
to click
|
B
|
a series of
interconnected computers and databases around the world
|
|
3
|
content
|
C
|
1) to press the
button on a computer mouse 2) to make a small, sharp sound
|
|
4
|
to design
|
D
|
to determine the
size, shape and form of a written document
|
|
5
|
to format
|
E
|
the size, shape and
form of a written document
|
|
6
|
a format
|
F
|
a program used to
view the Internet
|
|
7
|
Internet
(Net)
|
G
|
a series of commercial,
educational and governmental web pages on the Internet
|
|
8
|
to lay out
|
H
|
to design the
technical arrangement of a web page, building, garden, etc.
|
|
9
|
World Wide
Web
|
I
|
subject matter; the
main idea of a book, a paper or a web page
|
4. Fill in all the gaps using the
words from the box.
|
browsers
click content copyright
design format Internet layout
World Wide Web
|
Tim: Hey! What are you
looking at, Barbara?
Barbara: I am taking a
class called 21st Century Advertising. The teacher wants us to study different
web sites to learn about web page _______.
Tim: That sounds like
a great class for people who are studying business.
Barbara: It is. The
_______ is the future of business. And the ______ is going to be the storefront
of the next century. To be competitive, businesses have to adapt their current
advertising techniques. However, creating a good web site is much more
difficult than most people think.
Tim: Have you
discovered anything interesting which you consider to be well designed?
Barbara: Yeah, this site
is fantastic. Take a look. It’s very artistic and the technical ______ is
convenient and very logical. It also looks good in different _______. I have
already viewed it in Microsoft Explorer and Firefox. The ________ is also
fantastic; the size and shape of the text are perfect. I am going to borrow
some of their techniques when I make my own web page for class.
Tim: Borrowing ideas
is OK, but you have to remember that the _______ of all web pages is legally
protected.
Barbara: I know. Our
professor taught us about intellectual rights. He told us that _______
infringement is a real concern for people who publish on the Web.
Tim: That’s right.
Hey, that picture says “continue on”. Why don’t you _______ there so we can see
the next page.
Barbara: OK.
5. Fill in all the
gaps using the words from the Exercise 3.
1. I don’t like
the _______ of that building. The entrance is too small, and there are no
windows in the lounge.
2. They cannot
simply reproduce that book without his permission. The _____ legally protects
it from unauthorized reproduction.
3. When you ______
a document in a word processing program, you change the size, shape and font of
the words.
4. The book which
Richard wrote is fascinating. The ______ is both thought-provoking and
educational.
5. When I pressed
that button, I heard a loud _______. I hope I didn’t break the computer.
6. Internet
Explorer and Firefox are ________.
7. She attended a
school for fashion ________.
8. The Web is an
international collection of commercial and educational sites on the ________.
9. The “www” in an
Internet address stands for _______.
7. Read the text
and make the exercises below.
The History of
Computer Development
The rapidly
advancing field of electronics led to construction of the first general-purpose
electronic computer in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. It was
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer or ENIAC, the device contained
18,000 vacuum tubes and had a speed of several hundred multiplications per
minute. Its program was wired into the processor and had to be manually
altered.
Later transistors
appeared. The use of the transistor in computers began in the late 1950s. It
marked the advent of smaller, faster elements than it was possible to create
with the use of vacuum-tube machines. Because transistors use less power and
have a much longer life, computers alone were improved a lot. They were called
second-generation computers.
Components became
smaller and the system became less expensive to build.
Modern digital
computers are all conceptually similar, regardless of size and shape.
Nevertheless, they can be divided into several categories on the basis of cost
and performance.
The first one is
the personal computer or microcomputer, a relatively low-cost machine, usually
of desk-top size. Sometimes they are called laptops. They are small enough to
fit in a briefcase. The second is the workstation, a microcomputer with
enhanced graphics and communications capabilities that make it especially
useful for office work. And the server computers, a large expensive machine
with the capability of serving the needs of major business enterprises,
government departments, scientific research establishments. The largest and
fastest of these are called supercomputers.
A digital computer
is not actually a single machine, in the sense that most people think of
computers. Instead it is a system composed of five distinct elements: a central
processing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, output devices and a
communications network, called a «bus» that links all the elements of the
system and connects the system itself to the external world.
Talking about a
central processing unit or the heart of computer; I would like to add that
there were several generations of microprocessors. The first generation was
represented by processing unit Intel 8086. The second generation central
processing unit was represented by processing unit Intel 80286, used in IBM PC
AT 286. In the end of 80s such computer costs about 25-30 000 rubles in the
former USSR. The third generation is represented by Intel 80386, used in IBM PC
AT 386. The microprocessors of the fourth generation were used in computers IBM
PC AT 486. There are also central processing units of the fifth generation,
used in Intel Pentium 60 and Intel Pentium 66, central processing units of the
sixth generation, used in computers Intel Pentium 75,90,100 and 133. Few years
ago appeared central processing units of seventh and eighth generations.
Computer speeds
are measured in gigahertz today. Recently, an optical central processing unit
has been invented, which is capable of executing trillions discrete operations
per second or it is as fast as the speed of light. No man alive can do 500000
sums in one second, but a computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the
things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and even play
chess, write poetry or compose music. Just as television has extended human
sight across the barriers of time and distance, so the computers extend the
power of the human mind across the existing barriers.
So, we are at the
threshold of new computer era, when artificial intelligence could be invented.
There are no questions with «if», the only question is «when». And time will
show us either computers become our best friends or our evil enemies as it is
shown in some movies.
Vocabulary
|
field
of electronics – область электроники
general-purpose
electronic computer – универсальный электронный компьютер
vacuum
tubes – вакуумные лампы
multiplications
– математические операции
was wired –
была записана
and had to be manually altered – и
<ее> приходилось изменять вручную
ведомства
scientific research establishments –
научные исследовательские учреждения
supercomputers –
суперкомпьютеры
a system composed of five distinct elements –
система, состоящая из пяти разных элементов
“bus”
– «шина»
to
link – связывать
external
world – внешний мир
was
represented – было представлено
|
vacuum-tube
machines – ламповые машины
transistors
– транзисторы
to
fit in a briefcase – поместиться в портфель
workstation –
автоматизированное рабочее место
server computers –
серверы
business
enterprises – большие предприятия
government
departments – государственные
an
optical central processing unit – оптический процессор
has
been invented – был изобретен
to
be capable – мочь, быть способным
to
execute trillions discrete operations – триллионы операций
at the threshold – на
пороге (в переносном смысле)
artificial
intelligence –
искусственный интеллект
|
Exercise
1. Find the following words and expressions:
|
1.
быстро развивающийся
2.
использование транзисторов
3.
обозначили появление
4.
потребляют меньшую мощность
5.
имеют более долгий срок службы
6.
компьютеры второго поколения
7.
составляющие стали меньше
8.
система стала более дешевой
9.
цифровые компьютеры
10.
могут быть поделены на несколько категорий
11.
исходя из стоимости и производительности
12.
тем не менее
13.
несмотря на размер и форму
14.
относительно дешевые машины
15.
размером для рабочего стола
|
16.
продвинутая графика и коммуникационные возможности
17.
особенно удобен для офисной работы
18.
возможность обслуживать нужды
19.
одна (единая) машина
20.
в том смысле, в котором люди думают о компьютере
21.
сердце компьютера
22.
скорость компьютера сегодня измеряется в гигагерцах
23.
со скоростью света
24.
ни один живой человек
25.
простирать взор человека через барьеры времени и пространства
26.
новая компьютерная эра
|
Exercise
2. Fill in the table about the history of computer development
|
Date
or period of time
|
The
computer or
|
Main
characteristics
|
|
1946
|
ENIAC
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise
3. Make up 10 questions to the text.
аудиоформат
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