Практикум по английскому языку для студентов 2 и 3 курсов обучающихся по специальности "Садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство"

Английский язык

Практикум по английскому языку

для студентов, обучающихся по специальности

«Садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство»

Автор: Жукова И.Ю.

Преподаватель английского языка

Тюмень

2016

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ	2
АННОТАЦИЯ	3
ВВЕДЕНИЕ	4
Section 1.  Plants and flowers	7
THE NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF GREAT BRITAIN FLOWER BOUQUETS
Section 2.  Gardening	16
THE HISTORY OF GARDENING AND THE EGYPTIAN GARDENS NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDEN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
	30 38 40
Section 3.  Landscape design
LANDSCAPE DESIGN THE PRINCIPLES OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Аннотация

Данный практикум предназначается студентам 3-4 курсов средних профессиональных образовательных учреждений, изучающих садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство.

Цель пособия – подготовить студентов к самостоятельному чтению и пониманию английской литературы и к устному общению на английском языке в пределах изучаемой тематики.

Практикум построен на текстах, насыщенных лексикой по специальности. Такие тексты повышают интерес студентов к изучению языка и способствуют лучшему усвоению материала. Кроме того, они дают больше возможностей для разговорной речи.

Практикум построен по тематическому принципу и включает 3 раздела, охватывающие основные области садово-паркового ландшафтного строительства. Каждый раздел содержит два текста (раздел «Садоводство» - три текста) и рассчитан примерно на 8-10 академических часов. Каждый раздел имеет активный словарь, включающий садово-парковую лексику текстов, а также дополнительные слова, рекомендуемые для активного усвоения.

Упражнения делятся на лексические, грамматические и речевые. Ряд упражнений может быть использован для самостоятельной работы студентов дома.

Теория грамматики вводиться преподавателем или самостоятельно изучается студентами по имеющимся грамматическим справочникам и учебникам. Грамматику следует вводить и первично закреплять до чтения текстов.

 Для перевода текстов общеязыковой лексики студенты должны пользоваться имеющимися словарями. При переводе текстов в аудитории желательно развивать языковую догадку учащихся. Ряд текстов, содержащих более 75% знакомой лексики, можно давать для чтения на общий охват содержания без использования словаря.

Введение

Умение работать с литературой по специальности следует рассматривать как базовое при осуществлении любой профессиональной деятельности. Этим объясняется тот факт, что обучение студентов средних профессиональных образовательных учреждений чтению должно рассматриваться в качестве основной цели обучения, а чтение на иностранном языке как ведущий вид речевой деятельности.

В данной методической разработке представлены разнообразные тексты и система упражнений на развитие у студентов навыков основных видов чтения: изучающего, ознакомительного, просмотрового и поискового.

Целевая установка каждого вида чтения определяет направленность учебных заданий. Так, учебные задания к текстам для просмотрового чтения направлены на формирование умения ориентироваться в логико-смысловой структуре текста, а также использовать информацию текста в соответствии с определенными коммуникативными задачами.

Изучающее чтение направлено на формирование умения полного и точного понимания всей содержащейся в тексте информации.

Ознакомительное чтение предполагает развитие умения быстрого ознакомления с содержанием всего текста и извлечения из него основной информации. Наконец, поисковое чтение ориентировано на умение быстро найти в тексте определенные данные и является сопутствующим компонентом других видов чтения. Таким образом, чтение как базовое умение определяет по существу систему всех упражнений методической разработки и ее построение в целом.

Такая система обучения чтению ориентирована, в первую очередь, на выработку у студентов коммуникативной компетенции, необходимой для их будущей профессиональной деятельности.

Конечная цель обучения устной речи в неязыковых средних профессиональных образовательных учреждениях – научить будущих специалистов высказываться по темам специальности, предусмотренным действующей программой по иностранным языкам.

Следует отметить, что система речевых упражнений, представленная в методической разработке, предусматривает обучение коммуникации, т.е. умению соотносить средства языка с целью и спецификой обучения, в частности в области будущей профессиональной деятельности студентов.

В упражнениях такого типа отрабатываются следующие виды языковой деятельности:

·              правильное построение предложений;

·              отбор языковых средств по ситуации общения;

·              логическое построение высказываний;

·              адекватное использование средств смысловой связи;

·              использование лексико-грамматических средств для выражения мысли и логики ее развития.

Формирование специалиста нового типа, обладающего способностью к самостоятельной творческой деятельности и высокой профессиональной квалификацией, невозможно без целенаправленной организации самостоятельной работы обучаемого по всем видам речевой деятельности.

Развитие творческих начал возможно только в условиях учебного процесса, целенаправленно активизирующего самостоятельную деятельность студентов, а достижение высокого уровня квалификации будущего специалиста можно обеспечить, вооружив студента навыками самостоятельной работы.

Самостоятельная работа является неотъемлемой частью системы учебного процесса и наиболее эффективным средством развития познавательной деятельности студентов и формирования самостоятельности. В общем виде самостоятельная работа студентов представляет собой систему действий, которые в соответствии с учебной задачей и темой и с опорой на способности, опыт и знания преобразуют учебный материал с целью расширения и углубления опыта и знаний, формирования и развития познавательных способностей.

Методическая разработка предназначена для студентов второго уровня обучения, на котором самостоятельная работа студентов представляет собой взаимосвязанный блок аудиторной и внеаудиторной работы с некоторым преобладаем первой.

Поскольку чтение – это вид речевой деятельности, в котором можно практиковаться самостоятельно, формирование и развитие навыков и умений чтения может и должно осуществляться самостоятельно (после сравнительно небольшой практики с преподавателем).

Обучение студентов самостоятельной работе предполагает привитие им навыка извлечения из текста значительной информации наиболее рациональными путями и способами. Причем контроль понимания прочитанного имеет не только проверочную форму, но и обучающую функцию. Он является эффективным средством усвоения языкового материала и формирования речевых навыков и умений, так как выполнение контрольных заданий заставляет студента неоднократно обращаться к тексту.

Section 1. Plants and Flowers

The National Emblems of Great Britain

The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. Some of them have become symbols in the United Kingdom. You probably know that the poppy is the symbol of peace, the red rose is the national emblem of England, and the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland and the Edinburgh International Festival. The daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales; the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Northern Ireland.

The Rose

The national flower of England is the rose. The flower has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses – civil wars (1450-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) and the royal house of York (whose emblem was a white rose). The York’s regime ended with the defeat of King Richard III by the future Henry VII at Bosworth on 22 August 1485, and the two roses were united into the Tudor rose (a red rose with a white centre) by Henry VII when he married Elizabeth of York.

The Thistle

The thistle is a wild plant with prickly leaves and yellow, white, or purple flowers.

The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland.     In very ancient times the Norsemen once landed somewhere on the east coast of Scotland, with the intention of plundering and setting in the country. At this time the Scots were returning to Scotland after a long march. They were very tired. So the Scots decided to stop behind the river Tay. They pitched their camp and rested.

The Norsemen, however, were near; noticing that no guards or sentinels protected the camp, they crossed the river Tay, intending to take the Scots by surprise and slaughter them in their sleep. The Norsemen took off their shoes so as to make the least noise possible. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle. The sudden and sharp pain caused him to shriek. The alarm was given in the Scots’ camp and The Norsemen were put to flight. So the Scots took the thistle as their national emblem.

The Leek

St David is the patron saint of Wales. He was a monk who lived on bread, water, herbs and leeks and died on March 1, 589 AD. The leek became the national emblem for Wales and medieval soldiers used to wear leeks as they road to battle. Leek is a vegetable related to the onion but with wider green leaves above a long white bulb.

Nowadays Welshmen all over the world on March 1 celebrate St David’s Day by wearing either leeks or daffodils.

The daffodil is also associated with St David’s Day. It became an alternative to the Leek as a Welsh emblem in the present century, because some thought the leek vulgar.

Daffodil is a very common bell-shaped pale yellow flower of early spring.

There is a very well-known poem by William Wordsworth which British people often quote when they are talking about daffodil. It begins:

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host, of golden daffodils.

The Shamrock

What the red rose is to Englishmen and the leek and daffodil to the Welsh, the little shamrock is to the Irish. The Irishmen wear this national emblem on St Patrick’s Day, March 17.

A popular notion is that when preaching the doctrine of the Trinity to the pagan Irish St Patrick used the shamrock, a small white clover bearing three leaves on the stem as an illustration of the mystery.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

humid [ 'hju:mid] a сырой, влажный

plant [pla:nt] n растение, саженец

probably [ 'prכ bәblι] adv вероятно

poppy [ 'pכ pι ] n 1) мак 2) маковый

thistle [ 'өιsl] n чертополох

daffodil [ 'dæfכdιl] 1. n 1) нарцисс 2. a бледно-желтый

leek [li:k] n лук-порей

shamrock [ 'ςæmrכk] n 1) кислица 2) трисистник

clover [ 'klכuvә] n клевер

adopt [ә'dכpt] v 1) принимать; to ~a decision принять решение 2) заимствовать

civil [ 'sιvl] a гражданский

regime [reι'ζi:m] n режим, строй

defeat [dι'fi:t] 1. n 1) поражение 2) расстройство (планов) 2. v. 1) наносить поражение 2) расстраивать (планы)

unite [ju'naιt] v 1) соединять(ся) 2) объединять(ся)

wild [ 'wιld] a дикий

prickly [ 'prιklι] a 1) имеющий шипы, колючки 2) колючий

purple [ 'pз:pl] n 1) пурпурный цвет, пурпур 2) фиолетовый цвет

ancient [ 'eιn∫әnt] a 1) древний, старинный 2) античный

intention [ιn'ten∫n] n намерение, стремление, цель

plunder [ 'plΛndә] v грабить, воровать

set [set] v расставлять, располагать, размещать

pitch [pιt∫] v разбивать (палатки, лагерь)

camp [kæmp] n лагерь

guard [ga:d] n охрана, стража

sentinel [ 'sentιnl] 1. n часовой; страж; to stand ~ over охранять  2. v охранять, стоять на страже

protect [prכ'tekt] v защищать

slaughter [ 'slכ:tә] v совершать массовое убийство, резать, убивать

cause [kכ:z] v быть причиной, вызывать

shriek [∫ri:k] n пронзительный крик

flight [flaιt] n бегство, поспешный отступ

patron saint [ 'peιtrәn seιnt] n святой покровитель

monk [mΛηk] n монах

medieval [ֽmedι'i:vl] a средневековый

relate [rι'leιt] v состоять в родстве, иметь отношение

bulb [bΛlb] n луковица

alternative [כ:l'tз:nәtιv] n альтернативный выбор

vulgar [ 'vΛlgә] a грубый, простонародный

common [ 'kכmәn] a простой, обыкновенный

quote [kwכut] v цитировать, ссылаться на к.-л. На ч.-л.

float [flכut] 1. n паром, плот 2. v плавать, плыть по небу

host [hכust] зд. n множество

notion [ 'nכu∫n] n 1) понятие, идея 2) точка зрения, мнение

preach [pri:t∫] v проповедовать

the doctrine of the Trinity [ðә 'dכktrιn כf ðә 'trιnәtι] учение о Троице

pagan [ 'peιgәn] a язычный, неверующий

bear [beә] v (bore, borne) 1) носить, нести 2) иметь

stem [stem] n ствол, стебель

mystery [ 'mιstrι] n 1) тайна 2) церковное таинство

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.  Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

shamrock, purple, prickly, thistle, clover, poppy, bulb, daffodil,  humid, to relate, to protect, wild, leek, to bear

2.  Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

символ мира, две розы были объединены…, поражение короля, нарцисс и лук-порей, дикое растение, листья с шипами, наступить на чертополох, белая луковица, обыкновенный в форме колокольчика цветок, множество золотых нарциссов, белый клевер, три листа на стебле,  иллюстрация церковного таинства

3.  Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

to be good for plants, a kind of clover, to be the national flower, to step on a thistle, to take the thistle as the national emblem, to live on bread and leeks, prickly leaves, to wear leeks, to be a vegetable related to the onion, a long white bulb, to think the leek vulgar, to be a very common bell-shaped pale yellow flower, a host of golden daffodils, a small white clover,  bearing three leaves on the stem, an illustration of the mystery

4.  Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:

the moist climate, thorny leaves, to apply to the onion, to cite, heaps of golden daffodils, a popular point of view, having three leaves, example of the mystery, to tread on a thistle

5. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) The flower of March is a … . 2) The plant has long … and a sweet pleasant sweet. 3) … are bright red or yellow flowers. They look like cups. 4) Are you prepared to … yourself in case of attack? 5) A living thing that grows in soil and has leaves and roots is called … . 6) No one goes to college with the … of failing. 7) I found these daisies growing … in the meadow. 8) We offer courses that … English literature to other subjects. 9) You’ll … be gone by the time I get back.10) Bright yellow, orange and red … are often put together in baskets, bouquets.

6. Say whether the following statements are right or wrong. Correct them if    they are wrong:   

1.       The humid and mild climate of Great Britain is bad for plants and flowers.

2.      The poppy is the symbol of peace.

3.      The white rose is the national emblem of England.

4.      The thistle is the national emblem of Ireland.

5.      The shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.

6.      The thistle is a wild plant with prickly leaves and red, orange, or purple flowers.

7.       But one of the Norsemen stepped on a rose.

8.       Leek is a vegetable related to the onion but with wider green leaves above a long  white bulb.

9.      The daffodil is also associated with St Patrick’s Day.

10.   Daffodil is a very common bell-shaped pale yellow flower of early autumn.

11.   The Irishmen wear this national emblem on St Patrick’s Day, March 17.

7. Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

  translation. 

8. Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

war, to be abolished, to be divided, smooth leaves, on the west coast of Scotland,  with the intention of giving gifts and leaving the country, to be brisk, to put on, in the ancient century, late winter

Grammar Exercises

1. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice:

1)  The flowers were bought by me yesterday. 2) The flowers are often bought. 3)   The flower has been adopted as England’s emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses. 3) The flowers will be bought by me tomorrow. 4) The flowers are being bought  now. 5) The flowers were being bought at five o’clock yesterday. 6) The flowers have already been bought. 7) The flowers had been bought when I came. 8) The flowers will have been bought by five tomorrow.

2. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

 1) Деревья были посажены прошлой осенью. 2) Деревья сажают каждый   день. 3) Деревья будут сажать завтра. 4) Деревья сажают сейчас.  5)  Деревья сажали вчера в 6 часов. 6) Вы когда-либо сажали деревья? 7)   Деревья уже посадили, когда я пришел. 8) Деревья уже посадят завтра к  часам.

Speech Exercises

1. Answer the questions to the text:

   1) What is the national flower of England?

   2) What is the symbol of peace?

   3) What is the national symbol of Scotland?

   4) What is the national symbol of Wales?

   5) What is the national symbol of Northern Ireland?

   6) When were two roses united into the Tudor rose?

   7) What plant is a thistle?

   8) Why did the Scots take the thistle as their national emblem?

   9) Who is the patron saint of Wales?

  10) What plant is a leek?

2. Retell the text.

Flower Bouquets

Bright, vibrant flowers seem to be popular with people today. More modern flowers such as lilies are now being combined with old favourites like the Irish and Chrysanthemum. The tulip is another very popular flower. In Australia the tulip is in season from April until September or October.

Bright yellows, oranges and reds are often put together in baskets, bowls and bouquets. Green foliage such as Eucalyptus leaves is added to break up the color.

The most popular type of flower arrangement is the bouquet. They are hand-held and less expensive than arrangements in baskets and bowls. There can be a variety of flowers in a bouquet or just one type of flower.

Australians usually send flowers for special occasions, such as, the birth of a baby, weddings, birthdays, and funerals. Australia has a special day called “Daffodil Day” on the 1^st of September. On this day it is a tradition to buy a bunch of daffodils as a sign of respect for cancer sufferers. All proceeds from sales that day go towards cancer research

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

bouquet [ 'bukeι] n букет

vibrant [ 'vaιbrәnt] a (зд.) броский, яркий

lily [' lιlι] n лилия

iris [ 'aιәrιs] n ирис

chrysanthemum [krι'sænθәmәm] n хризантема

tulip [ 'tju:lιp] n тюльпан

foliage [ 'foulιdζ] n листва

wedding [ 'wedιη] n свадьба

funeral [ 'fju:nәrәl] n похороны

bunch [bΛnt∫] n  букет

respect [rιs'pekt] n уважение

cancer [ 'kænsә] n рак

sufferer [ 'sΛfәrә] a пострадавший

proceeds [ 'prousi:dz] n доход

combine [ 'kכmbaιn] v 1) объединять(ся) 2) комбинировать, сочетать(ся),смешивать(ся)

bowl [bәul] n  ваза для цветов

eucalyptus [ ֽju:kә'lιptәs] n (pl –ses [-sιz], -ti) эвкалипт

arrangement [ә'reιndζmәnt] n расположение, аранжировка

occasion [ә'keιζәn] n событие

research [rι'sз:t∫] n научное исследование, изучение, исследовательская работа

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.      Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

bouquet, popular, chrysanthemum, Australia, foliage, arrangement, eucalyptus, expensive, occasion, vibrant, bunch, tulip, iris, lily, daffodil

2.      Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

to seem, the lilies are now being combined with old favourites like the Irish and Chrysanthemum, to put together in baskets, bowls and bouquets, green foliage, to break up the color, the type of flower arrangement, hand-held, a variety of flowers, for special occasions, a special day, to buy a bunch of daffodils, a sign of respect

3.      Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word  combinations:

зеленая листва, быть популярным, самый популярный вид аранжировки цветов, сделанный руками, в букете, посылать цветы по особому случаю, в этот день, букет нарциссов, доходы от продажи

4.      Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:

to mix, for special event, a token of respect, all returns, to break up the tint

5.      Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

pale flowers, cheap, to sell, to take away the leaves, a sign of insult

6.      Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) I like to put together the beautiful flowers in … . 2) Yesterday my mother had her birthday. She got many bright and … flowers. 3) A … is a colourful flowers that is shaped like a cup. 4) A … is a large flower in the shape of a bell. 5) A … is a tall, usually purple, flower. 6) The leaves of a plant or tree are called … .7) A ceremony in which two people get married is called … .8) … is a tall yellow flower that grows in spring in our country. 9) She has worked hard to gain the … of her colleagues. 10)  He died of lung …

7. Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

    translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1.      Translate into Russian paying attention to the Tenses of the English Verb:

1) When I saw Ann, she was sorting the flowers which she had picked in the field. 2) People are planting tulips now. 3) I have bought a bouquet of lilies for my mother today. 4)  When I went out into the garden, the sun was shining and birds were singing in the trees. 5) They grew all their own vegetables. 6) I have planted a small apple tree in the garden. 7) I will pour water on plants in order to keep them healthy tomorrow. 8) My father has been planting lilies for two hours. 9) We have brought a lot of flowers from the wood. Now we will make bouquets.

2.       Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the Tenses of the English Verb:

1) - Что ты делаешь? – Сажаю цветы. 2) Когда он пришел домой, цветы уже посадили. 3) Моя бабушка сажает цветы каждый день. 4) Она посадила цветы на прошлой неделе. 5) Ты уже посадила цветы? 6) Она сажает цветы уже 2 часа. 7) Когда я пришел домой, бабушка сажала цветы. 8) Я завтра посажу цветы.

     Speech Exercises

1.      Answer the questions to the text:

     1) Do you have a favourite flower?

     2) What kinds of flowers are popular in your country?

     3) If you could create a bouquet of different flowers, which flowers would you 

        choose?

     4) On which occasions do Australians give flowers? On which occasions do you 

        give flowers?

     5) Do you have a special day like “Daffodil Day” in your country? If you could

        create such a day, to whom would you give the proceeds?

2.      Retell the text.

Section 2. Gardening

The History of gardening and the Egyptian Gardens

 The earliest evidence for ornamental gardens is seen in Egyptian tomb paintings of the 1500s BC; they depict lotus ponds surrounded by rows of acacias and palms. The other ancient gardening tradition is of Persia: Darius the Great was said to have had a “paradise garden” and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were renowned as a Wonder of the World. Persian influences extended to post-Alexander’s Greece: around 350 BC there were gardens at the Academy of Athens.

The most influential ancient gardens in the western world were the Ptolemy’s gardens at Alexandria.

In Europe, gardening revived in France in the 13^th century. French parterres were developed at the end of the 16^th century and reached high development under Andre le Notre. English landscape gardens opened a new perspective in the 18^th century.

Egyptian Gardens

Gardens were much cherished in the Egyptian times and were kept for secular purposes. Gardens in private homes and villas before the New Kingdom were mostly used for growing vegetables and located close to a canal or the river. However, in the New Kingdom they were often surrounded by walls and their purpose incorporated pleasure and beauty besides utility. Garden produce played an important role in the foodstuff but flowers were used in garlands to wear at festive occasions and for medicinal purposes. While the poor kept a patch for growing vegetables, the rich people could afford gardens with vibrant trees and decorative pools with fish and waterfowl.

The ancient Egyptian garden differs from a garden in our days. Flowers like the iris, chrysanthemum, lily and delphinium (blue), were certainly known to the ancients but do not feature much in garden scenes.

Due to the arid climate of Egypt, the tending gardens meant constant attention and depended on irrigation. Skilled gardeners were employed by temples and households. Duties included planting, weeding, watering the plants, pruning of fruit trees, digging the ground, harvesting the fruit.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

evidence [ 'evιdәns] n данные

ornamental [כ:nә'mentl]  a декоративный

tomb [tu:m] гробница

Egyptian [ι'dζιp∫n] a египетский

painting n живопись, роспись

depict [dι'pιkt] v изображать, описывать

lotus [ 'lכutәs] n лотос

pond [pכnd] n пруд, водоем

acacia [ә'keι∫ә] n акация

paradise [ 'pærәdaιs] n рай

Babylon [ 'bæbιlәn] Вавилон

renowned [rι'naund] a известный, знаменитый

Persian [ 'pз:∫n] a персидский, иранский

influence [ 'ιnfluәns] n влияние, воздействие

extend [ιk'stend] v простирать(ся), тянуть(ся)

post- [pכust] pref после-, по-

Greece [gri:s] Греция

Athens ['æθιnz] Афины

revive [rι'vaιv] v восстанавливать, возобновлять, приходить в себя

parterre [pa:'teә] n цветник

cherish [ 't∫erι∫] v заботливо выращивать (растения)

secular [ 'sekjulә] a мирской, светский (не церковный)

purpose [ 'pз:pәs] n намерение, цель

incorporate [ιnֽkכ:pә'rәt] (зд.) v соединять(ся), объединять(ся)

besides prep кроме

utility [ju'tιlәtι] n выгода

produce [ 'prכdju:s] n изделие, продукция, продукт

foodstuffs [ 'fu:dstΛfs] n продовольствие, продукты питания

garland [ 'ga:lәnd] n венок, гирлянда

festive [ 'festιv] a праздничный, веселый

medicinal [mә'dιsnl] a лекарственный, лечебный

patch [pæt∫] n зарплата

afford [ә'fכ:d] v позволить себе

vibrant [ 'vaιbrәnt] a (зд.) броский, яркий

waterfowl [ 'wכ:tәfaul] n водяные птицы

differ [ 'dιfә] v различаться, отличаться

lily [' lιlι] n лилия

iris [ 'aιәrιs] n ирис

chrysanthemum [krι'sænθәmәm] n хризантема

delphinium [del 'fιnιәm] n дельфиниум, шпорник

feature [ 'fi:t∫ә] v изображать, обрисовывать

scene [si:n] n эпизод, сцена

arid [ 'ærιd] a сухой

tend ухаживать, заботиться

irrigation [ֽιrι'geι∫n] n орошение

employ [ιm'plכι] v нанимать, держать на службе, предоставлять работу

temple [ 'templ] n храм

household n (зд.) королевский двор

weed v полоть

prune [pru:n] v подрезать (деревья)

dig v копать, выкапывать

harvest [ 'ha:vιst] v собирать урожай

skilled a квалифицированный

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.  Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

 ornamental, lotus, acacia, cherish, garland, foodstuffs, medicinal, irrigation,               weed, prune, dig, harvest

2. Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

живопись египетских гробниц, окруженный акациями, античные традиции садоводства, «райский сад», чудо света, западный мир, лечебные цели, дельфиниум, сухой климат, подрезка деревьев, прополка, вскапывание земли, собирать урожай фруктов

3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

 the earliest evidence, to depict lotus ponds, growing vegetables, in garlands, at festive occasions, decorative pools, for medicinal purposes, Egyptian garden, due to the arid climate, skilled gardeners, planting, weeding, watering the plants, pruning of fruit trees, digging the ground, harvesting the fruit

4. Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:

to represent, famous, the miracle, to reach to, horticulture, to achieve, intention, except, curative, to unite, profit, wages, the bright trees, dry, qualified

5.  Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

the gardens were destroyed, to separate pleasure and beauty, to put off,  the poor people, with pale trees, at sad occasions, the humid climate

6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) Yesterday I saw many … by Picasso. 2) An area of water that is smaller than a lake is called a … . 3) Teachers have considerable … over what is taught in the classroom. 4) I asked if I could … my holiday. 5) She had fainted, but soon … . 6) The … of this dictionary is to help students of English. 7) We’ll … some of these ideas in the final report. 8) Did you talk to anyone … Joan? 9) A ring of flowers or leaves that you decorate something with is called a … . 10) Our approach … from theirs in different ways.

7.  Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best   translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses:

1) He said that he had weeded the flowers. 2) I was sure that she was weeding the flowers. 3) My mother informed me that they would weed the flowers in the evening. 4) He asked me where I lived. 5) I thought that you had already pruned the trees. 6) I was sure that he spoke French very well. 7) She said that Andrew had told her that he was cherishing the lilies. 8) He knows that you have weeded the flowers. 9)    I hoped that I would find him at home. 10) He said that he had dug the ground.

2. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

    1) Мы увидели, что наш сын играет в саду. 2) Она сказала, что мама уже прополола цветник. 3) Моя сестра сказала, что хочет выращивать ирисы. 4) Он спросил, где мы будем собирать урожай. 5) Я не думал, что вы все будете ждать меня. 6) Она спросила нас, кто хочет полить хризантемы. 7) Он сказал, что его мама сажала деревья уже более 2 часов. 8) Я знал, что мой брат увлекается ландшафтным дизайном. 9) Я боялся, что он не получит зарплату. 10) Мой друг позвонил мне и сказал, что болен и не сможет прийти ко мне на день рождения.

Speech Exercises

1.       Answer the questions to the text:

1)      When and where did the earliest evidence for ornamental gardens appear?

2)      What can you say about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?

3)      When did gardening revive in Europe?

4)      What cli5mate was in Egypt?

5)      Where did the skilled gardeners work?

6)      What kind of gardens could the rich people of Egypt afford?

7)      Did the ancients feature the flowers like the iris, chrysanthemum, lily, and delphinium in garden scenes?

8)      What duties did the skills gardeners have?

9)      Are you fond of gardening?

10)   What are your duties in gardening?

  2. Retell the text.

Nikitsky Botanical Garden

The Nikitsky Botanical Garden, a unique preserve of Crimean nature and a supreme example of park architectural landscaping, is the largest scientific-research establishment in the south of Russia. More than 28,000 species and hybrids of various tropical plants have been collected in this treasury. The trees and shrubs (1,500 species) are planted in individual groups or picturesque clusters that blend into a single artistic design. There is also a wonderful rosarium and a special display of clematis and chrysanthemums.

Hundreds of thousands of visitors from Russia and from abroad come to Nikitsky Botanical Garden every day. It was founded in September 1812 as the Imperial Botanical Garden. For this purpose the site was chosen near Nikita, a village founded by Greek settlers four centuries before. Today, the Nikitsky Garden’s plant collection number more than 28,000 species, varieties and hybrids. Numerous visitors to the Garden show special interest in the great variety of subtropical trees. The Nikitsky arboretum, where more than 1,500 species of ornamental trees and shrubs are collected, covers an area of over 40 hectares and consists of four separate parks: the Upper Park, the Lower, the Maritime Park and the park on Cape Montedor.

A tour of the Nikitsky Garden begins with the Upper Park. It was laid out in typical landscape style during the last century. Here you can see rare species of conifers, ever-green shrubs, a splendid rosarium, a rock garden and displays of chrysanthemums and new varieties of the clematis.

Past the entrance to the Upper Park, in front of the main office building, there is a parterre. Chinese palms grow on the lawns of the parterre, a group of slender pyramidal cypresses and columnar English yews flank the path leading to the office building.

The Nikitsky rosarium is a really marvelous sight to behold. Here you will find various species of roses of native and foreign selection.

Chrysanthemums are the reigning beauty of the park in autumn.

Outstanding amidst the infinite wealth of greenery is the weeping glaucous Atlas cedar, a truly natural wonder whose boughs drop to the very ground. It is native to Algeria’s mountains and can be grown only through grafting. This tree terminates the Upper Park.

Here wide stairs descend to the Lower Park, the oldest section in the Nikitsky Garden. During the first years following its foundation palms and bamboos were imported from abroad. Today, you will find century-old groves of Lebanon cedars with their unusual flat crowns, mighty oaks and silvery olives. These groves have become unique monuments of nature. Sun-loving plants with thick pulpy leaves and stems are put outdoors in summer. They are mostly natives of Mexico: agaves, prickly-pears, etc. next to them, at the end of the palm alley, there is a decorative Japanese banana, noted for its large species.

The Nikitsky arboretum wears its green attire all the year round. Even in winter, when the ground is covered with a thin snowy carpet, you can still see flowering shrubs here and there. At all seasons of the year the Nikitsky Botanical Garden is visited by many tourists.

 ACTIVE VOCABULARY

preserve [prι'zз:v] n (зд.) заповедник

unique [ju:'ni:k] 1. a 1) единственный в своем роде; уникальный; ~ feature особенность конструкции 2) замечательный, необыкновенный

2. n уникум

Crimean [kraι'mιәn] a крымский

supreme [su'pri:m] a 1) верховный, высший 2) высочайший, величайший

landscape [ 'lændskeιp] n ландшафт, пейзаж

establishment [ι'stæblι∫mәnt] n учреждение, заведение

species [ 'spi:∫i:z] n (pl без изменений) вид, разновидность

hybrid [ 'haιbrιd] n гибрид, помесь

treasury [ 'treζәrι] n сокровищница

shrub [∫rΛb] n кустарник, куст

picturesque clusters [ֽpιkt∫ә'resk 'klΛstәs] живописные группы (пучки, гроздья,кусты)

blend [blend] v (blended, blent) смешивать(ся), сочетаться, гармонировать

rosarium [rכu'zeәrιәm] n розарий

display [dι'spleι] n выставка

clematis [ 'klemәtιs] n ломонос, клематис

chrysanthemum [krι'sænθәmәm] n хризантема

site [saιt] n участок, место

purpose [ 'pз:pәs] n намерение, цель

variety [vә'raιәtι] n многообразие, множество

arboretum [ֽa:bә'ri:tәm] n (pl –ta, -tums) древесный питомник

ornamental [כ:nә'mentl] a декоративный

hectare [ 'hekteә] n гектар

to lay out выкладывать, планировать

rare [reә] a редкий

conifer [ 'kכnιfә] n хвойное дерево

evergreen [ 'evәgri:n] a вечнозеленый

splendid [ 'splendιd] a великолепный, роскошный, превосходный

rock a горный, каменный

parterre [pa:'teә] n цветник

lawn [lכ:n] n газон, лужайка

slender a стройный

pyramidal [pι'ræmιdl] a пирамидальный

cypresses [ 'saιprәs] n кипарис

columnar [kә'lΛmnә] a стебельчатый

yew [ju:] тис

flank v примыкать

path [pa:ө] n тропинка, дорожка

behold v смотреть, созерцать

outstanding [aut'stændιη] a выдающийся, знаменитый

amidst [ә'mιdst] prep среди

infinite [ 'ιnfιnәt] a безграничный

greenery n зелень, растительность

glaucous ['glכ:kәs] a 1) серовато-зеленый, серовато-голубой 2) тусклый

cedar [ 'si:dә] n кедр

truly [ 'tru:lι] adv 1) правдиво, искренне 2) в самом деле, действительно

bough [bau] n сук

drop v  зд. падать, спадать

grafting [ 'gra:ftιη] n прививка (растения)

Algeria [æl'dζιәrιә] Алжир

terminate [ 'tз:mιneιt] v завершать(ся)

descend [dι'send] v спускаться, сходить, снижаться

valuable [ 'væljuәbl] a ценный, дорогой

foundation n основа, основание

bamboo [bæm'bu:] n бамбук

palm [pa:m] n пальма

grove [grכuv] n роща, лесок

flat a ровный, прямой

crown n крона, верхушка дерева

mighty [ 'maιtι] a могущественный, громадный

oak [כuk] n дуб

olive [ 'כlιv] n маслина, олива (дерево, плод)

pulpy a мягкий, сочный

stem n ствол, стебель

agave [ә'geιvι] n агава

prickly-pears [ 'prιklι peәs] n имеющие шипы (колючие) груши

alley [ 'ælι] n аллея

noted a знаменитый, известный

attire [ә'taιә] n наряд, платье

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

preserve, Crimean, landscape, species, rosarium, treasury, chrysanthemum, variety, ornamental, arboretum, conifer, splendid, parterre, lawn, cypresses, columnar, path, greenery, cedar, grafting, prickly-pears

2. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

architectural, scientific-research, tropical plants, individual groups, a single artistic design, from abroad, village, on Cape Montedor, the Maritime Park, foreign selection, during the last century, marvelous, to put outdoors

3. Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word  combinations:

сотни тысяч посетителей, тропический, быть основанным, императорский, многочисленные посетители, субтропические деревья, прошлый век, китайский, изумительный, селекция, природный, широкие лестницы, солнцелюбивые растения, декоративный, снежный ковер

4. Find in text synonyms to the following words and word combinations:

exceptional, sanctuary, institution, bush, exhibition, place, intention, slim, to look at, among, boundless, branch, complete, even, enormous, celebrated, dress

5. Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

terrible, stout, to turn away, hay, to finish, crooked, slightest, smooth-pears

6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) Mark had a … opportunity to travel with the President. 2) The Church was of … importance in medieval Europe. 3) I am late only on … occasions. 4) Amy walked up the … to the house. 5) The possibilities are … 6) A small black or green fruit that is eaten or used for its oil is called an … . 7) Caroline was lying … on her back. 8)  … is a tree with dark green leaves.

7. Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

      translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1.      Translate into Russian paying attention to the Modal Verbs:

1) He … plant the flowers himself. 2)  She … play trees and shrubs very well when she was young. 3) My son … … … … it without my help. 4) Where is he? – He … … planting the flowers. 5) You … go into the preserve. 6) The clematis … … planted at once. 7) My brother … come and help you in the garden. 8) Don’t go to the wood alone: you … lose your way. 9) … you tell me the nearest way to the Nikitsky Botanical Garden? 10) … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon?

2.      Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the Modal Verbs:

1) Я могу вырастить роскошные хризантемы. 2) Она не сможет вовремя добраться до заповедника. 3) Можно мне посмотреть розарий? 4) Мне разрешают ходить по газону. 5) Вы должны быть осторожны в древесном питомнике. 6) Он должен быть на выставке сейчас. 7) Можно здесь остаться? – Пожалуйста. 8) Я должен посадить хвойное дерево сегодня. 9) Мне придется посадить хвойное дерево сегодня. 10) Они, должно быть, работали в заповеднике.

     Speech Exercises

1.      Answer the questions to the text:

1) How many species and hybrids of tropical plants have been collected in the Nikitsky Botanical garden?

2) How are the trees and shrubs planted there?

3) When was the Nikitsky Botanical garden founded?

4) What kind of trees can you see there?

5) How many species are there in the Nikitsky arboretum?

6) What parks does the Nikitsky Botanical garden consist of?

7) What can you see in the Upper Park?

8) What can you behold in the Lower Park?

9) What plants are natives of Mexico?

10) When is the Nikitsky Botanical garden visited by tourists?

 2. Retell the text.

Botanical Garden of Moscow State University

The Botanical Garden of the M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University is one of the oldest botanical institutions of our country (founded in 1706). It is widely known for its scientific and educational activities. During construction of the MSU new premises at the Lenin (now Vorobyovy) Hills, a new University garden was laid out. More than 6000 plant species and varieties were planted in a territory of 40 ha.

Much research is under way at the Garden; its collection provides a practical and training base for the Department of Biology of the Moscow University, and other higher education institutions in Moscow. Besides scientists and students, general visitors also enjoy excursion tours of this remarkable island of live nature. It introduces them to a diverse world of plants. The departments of the Garden at the Vorobyovy Hills (arboretum, plot of mountain plant, plots of useful plants, ornamental plants and orchard) demonstrate their plant diversity to the visitors and show human activities in botany. The arboretum has a collection of species and forms of trees and shrubs running to over 1000. Also the wild herbaceous plants are represented here. A wealth of experience in parkland development has been gained by specialists at the arboretum. The plot of mountain plants was constructed on a geographic basic and contains more than 1000 species of alpine plants from the Carpathians, Crimea, Caucasus, middle Asia and Far East.

The best Russian and foreign fruit plants which were partly bred out by the Garden’s staff, grow in the orchard.

Tropical and subtropical plants can be seen at the hothouses of the Garden Affiliated Societies. These hothouses are located at the exact place of the “chemists’ garden” laid out in 1706 by Peter the Great. The Moscow University acquired its ownership over the garden in 1805. With the building of the new premises for the Moscow State University and the laying out of new Garden, the former Botanical Garden, a historical and cultural monument of Moscow, became its branch. The hothouse collections go back to the late 18^th century and are of great scientific value.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

activity [æk'tιvәtι] n деятельность

construction [kәn'strΛk∫n] n строительство, стройка

premise [ 'premιs] n помещение, дом (с прилегающими пристройками и участком); владение

lay out v планировать, разбивать (сад, участок), выкладывать

species [ 'spi:∫i:z] n (pl без изменений) вид, разновидность

plant [pla:nt] n растение, саженец

variety [vә'raιәtι] n 1) разнообразие, множество 2) сорт, вид

provide [prכ'vaιd] v снабжать, обеспечивать

remarkable [rι'ma:kәbl] a замечательный, удивительный

diverse [daι'vз:s] a разнообразный, разный

 arboretum [ֽa:bә'ri:tәm] n (pl –ta, -tums) древесный питомник

 plot [plכt] n участок (земли)

 ornamental [כ:nә'mentl] a декоративный

 orchard [ 'כ:t∫әd] n фруктовый сад

 shrub [∫rΛb] n кустарник, куст

 herbaceous [hә'beι∫әs] a травяной, травянистый

gain v добиваться, получать, приобретать

 construct [kәn'strΛkt] v строить, сооружать, воздвигать

alpine [ 'ælpaιn] a альпийский

breed [bri:d] v разводить, выводить (животных, растения)

staff [sta:f] n служебный персонал, личный состав

hothouse [ 'hכthaus] n оранжерея, теплица

affiliated society [ә'fιlιeιtιdsә'saιәtι] n филиал

   exact [ιg'zæct] a совершенно правильный, верный

acquire [ә'kwaιә] v приобретать, достигать

 former прежний, предшествующий

value [ 'vælju:] n смысл, значение, ценность

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.      Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

      to lay out, premise, species, plant, variety, remarkable, diverse, arboretum,

      ornamental, plot, orchard, shrub, herbaceous, hothouse

2.      Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

   the Botanical gardens, educational activities, during construction, new 

  premises, plant species, general visitors, to enjoy, of live nature, in botany, the

  wild herbaceous plants, a  wealth of experience, in parkland, the alpine plants,

  the exact place, the hothouse collections

3.      Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word  combinations:

широко известный, виды растений, быть посаженным, биологический факультет, наслаждаться экскурсионными турами, удивительный остров, полезные растения, коллекция разновидностей деревьев, дикие травянистые растения, фруктовые деревья, частично, тропические растения, оранжерея

4.      Find in text synonyms to the following words:

house, to erect, to supply, splendid, various, to seek, to grow, correct, previous

5.      Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

      destruction, to break, bad, to lose, wrong

6.       Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) We plan to expand our business … in East Africa. 2) The company will finance the … of a new sports centre. 3) Over 120 … of flowers have been recorded in this hothouse. 4) Adults study for a … of reasons. 5) Our office can … information on the local area. 6) The play has been a remarkable success. 7) The tunnel was … in 1996. 8) She joined the … in 2007. 9) The … number of wounded people is unknown. 10) She has … an impressive reputation as a negotiator.

7.      Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

       translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1.      Translate into Russian paying attention to the Infinitive:

1) To grow the plants is pleasant. 2) He is glad to be growing the flowers now. 3) He is glad to have already been growing the flowers for three hours. 4) He is glad to have already grown the flowers. 5) I remained there to see what would happen. 6) He was glad to grow the flowers. 7) He was glad to be growing the flowers the whole evening. 8) He was glad to have already grown the flowers. 9) He was glad to have already been growing the flowers for three hours. 10) He will be glad to be growing the flowers the whole evening.

2.      Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the Infinitive:

1) Мне очень жаль, что я тебя не встретил. 2) Он всегда счастлив поговорить с  вами. 3) Он счастлив, что говорит с вами сейчас. 4) Он счастлив, что поговорил с вами. 5) Он счастлив, что говорит с вами уже более часа. 6) Он был всегда счастлив  поговорить с вами. 7) Он был счастлив, что проговорил с вами весь вечер. 8) Он был счастлив, что поговорил с вами. 9) Он был счастлив, что говорил с вами уже 2 часа. 10) Он всегда будет счастлив поговорить с вами.

     Speech Exercises

1.      Answer the questions to the text:

1)      When was the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University founded?

2)      What collection has the arboretum?

3)      What do the departments of the Garden at the Vorobyovy Hills demonstrate?

4)      What departments are there in the Garden at the Vorobyovy Hills?

5)      What plants are there in the Botanical Garden?

6)      When was the hothouse collection founded?

  2. Retell the text.

Section 3. Landscape Design

Landscape design

Designers, agronomists, builders, psychologists carry out a landscape project. This collective work comes to the excellent result in a landscape design.

There is an exhibition plot of land in Sheremetievo (12 km from Moscow), where customers can view the landscape design created and served by the company.

The company provides interior of landscape design for private and corporative customers.

Do you want to have a beautiful landscape design on your plot of land?

Firstly, a landscape project is to carry out. Their specialist will come to your plot to get an order and to form a sketch by hand, then this specialist carries out a landscape project by hand or visualization by computer (AutoCAD, PhotoShop, 3D Max). The next is the realization of landscape design on the plot.

Landscape design is a result of human’s activity on a plot of land for creating beautiful views.

Landscape design is a method of providing inside territories with artistic value.

Landscape design has some styles.

Landscape style is a style of landscape design based on natural views without geometric figures, with flexible forms of garden constructions: paths and walks, pavilion, pergola, arch, - with flexible forms of garden water features: garden reservoirs, ponds, - with flexible forms of groups of landscape plants: trees, bushes, flowers in flower bed.

The company uses a landscape plants from their nursery that makes the process of greenery very quick and simple. These elements are well based on the hedge and lawn.

Elements of landscape design:

-  stony slope with garden or reservoir;

-  area for the rest with garden pavilion or other constructions between trees;

-  wall of stone with flowers or other rocks in a garden;

-  garden water features: spring, stream and pond or reservoir with garden rocks on the banks and bushes, flowers between them.

Landscape project is an artistic passport of a plot.

It’s important to project out beautiful views and isolate poor details, to take into account the wishes of the plot’s owner and opportunity of maintenance of the landscape project. One can have got not many landscape plants: trees, bushes, flowers – or elements of landscape design in the garden: flower-bed, pavilion, garden reservoir or pond, garden rocks – but everything is to be in harmony with each other.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

 agronomist [ә'grכnәmιst] n агроном

carry out v выполнять, проводить; to ~ out in (to) practice осуществлять, проводить в жизнь

project [ 'prכdζekt] n проект, план (строительства)

plot [plכt] n участок (земли)

customer [ 'kΛstәmә] n заказчик, покупатель, клиент

view [vju:] 1. v осматривать, рассматривать

                2. n вид, пейзаж

create [krι'eιt] v творить, создавать

serve [sз:v] v обслуживать, управлять, снабжать

sketch [sket∫] n набросок, эскиз

visualization [ֽvιzuәlaι'zeι∫n] n отчетливый зрительный образ

realization [ֽrιәlaι'zeι∫n] n осуществление, выполнение

provide [prכ'vaιd] v снабжать, обеспечивать

value [ 'vælju:] n смысл, значение, ценность

flexible [ 'fleksәbl] a гибкий, гнущийся

path [pa:θ, pl pa:ðz] n тропинка, дорожка, путь

walk [wכ:k] n зд. аллея, тропа

pavilion [pә'vιlιәn] n беседка, павильон

pergola [ 'pз:gәlә] n беседка, крытая аллея из вьющихся растений

arch [a:t∫] n арка, свод

feature [ 'fi:t∫ә] n особенность, свойство, деталь

reservoir [ 'rezәvwa:] n водоем, бассейн

pond n пруд

nursery [ 'nз:srι] n рассадник, питомник

hedge [hedζ] n изгородь

lawn [lכ:n] n газон, лужайка

slope [slכup] n склон, скат

rock n 1) горная порода; 2) камень, булыжник; 3) скала

stream [strι:m] n ручей

spring [sprιη] n источник, ключ, родник

bush [bu∫] n куст, кустарник

project v проектировать, составлять план

account [ә'kaunt] n мнение, оценка; to take into ~ принимать во внимание

maintenance [ 'meιntәnәns] n поддержка, сохранение, содержание

harmony [ 'ha:mәnι] n гармония, согласие

EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.      Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

project, view, plot, to create, sketch, visualization, pavilion, pergola, path, arch, reservoir, pond, nursery, hedge, lawn, spring, bush

2.      Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

     designer, landscape project, exhibition plot of land, for private and corporative

    customers, to form a sketch by hand, on the plot, human’s activity, with artistic                                                                                                                        value, garden reservoirs, stony slope, garden water features

3.      Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word  combinations:

  коллективная работа, ландшафтный дизайн, на участке земли,   красивые пейзажи, гибкие формы садовых конструкций, тропинки и аллеи, каменные склоны, крытая аллея из вьющихся растений

4.      Find in text synonyms to the following words:

to realize, plan, buyer, meaning, arbour, opinion, support

5.      Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

the bad result, the  destruction of landscape design on the plot, for creating awful views, with hard forms of garden, very slow and complicated, area for the work

6.      Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) The building work was … … by a local contractor. 2) Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract … . 3) We had a spectacular … of the mountains from our room. 4) He was only 22 when he … this masterpiece. 5) The lecture … him with an opportunity to meet one of his heroes. 6) The ring was of little … . 7) Amy walked up the … to the house. 8) If you take inflation into …, the cost of computers has fallen in the last ten years.

7.      Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

       translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1.      Translate into Russian paying attention to the Participles:

1) We visited one of the largest nurseries making the process of greenery very quick and simple. 2) A broken cup lay on the table. 3) He is looking at the woman planting a rose. 4) Having plenty time we decided to walk to the exhibition plot of land in Sheremetievo. 5) Having worked in the nursery for many years he knew those plants very well. 6) The boy throwing stones into the pond is my brother. 7) The large building being built in our street is a new school-house. 8) Yesterday he told us about the flowers now being growing in his garden. 9) They sent us a list of plants imported by that firm. 10) A thermometer is an instrument used for measuring temperature.

2.      Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the Modal Verbs:

1) Будучи очень усталыми, мы отказались идти гулять. 2) Продавцы отказались снизить назначенные цены, и покупатели отклонили предложение. 3) Мы послали цветы по указанному адресу. 4) Сказав это, он вышел из комнаты. 5) В настоящее время мы имеем очень ограниченное количество этих растений в нашем питомнике. 6) Он тихо закрыл дверь, не желая будить ее. 7) «Я должен идти», -  сказал он, встав со стула. 8) Я посмотрел на присланный прейскурант. 9) На одной из осмотренных выставок заказчикам показали новые виды растений. 10) Большая ветка, сломанная ветром, лежала поперек дороги.

     Speech Exercises

1.      Answer the questions to the text:

1)      Who carries out a landscape project?

2)      What can the customers view in Sheremetievo?

3)      What styles has landscape design?

4)      Why is the process of greenery so quick and simple?

5)      What elements of landscape design do you know?

6)      Why did you decided to be a landscape designer?

7)      Why is the profession of a landscape designer interesting?

8)      What does the specialist do on your plot firstly?

 2. Retell the text

The Principles of Landscape Design

Landscape design is similar to landscape architecture. But it focuses more on the artistic merits of design, while landscape architecture encompasses the artistic design as well as structural engineering. Landscape design and landscape architecture, both take into account soils, drainage, climate and other issues, because the survival of selected plants depends on those.

Landscape architecture may require a license depending on the country and region. Landscape designers may be required to have a license, depending on the level and detail in the design plan, as well as the location. Landscape design is concerned with small and large scale projects. Landscape design is almost synonymous with garden design.

Garden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owners themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise.

Elements of garden design include the layout of hard landscape, such as paths, walls, water features, sitting areas and decking; as well as the plants themselves, with consideration for their horticultural requirements, size, speed of growth, and combinations with other plants.

Landscape architecture and landscape design can and should embrace garden design, landscape planning etc.

Landscape planning is a branch of landscape architecture.

Unity should be one of your main goals in your design. Unity can be achieved by the consistency of character of elements in the design. A simple way to create unity in your landscape is by creating themes.  And one of the simplest ways to create themes is by using a little décor. If you’re into butterflies for instance, you could create a theme using plants that attract butterflies. Unity is achieved by repeating objects or elements that are alike. Too many unrelated objects can make the garden look cluttered and unplanned.

There’s a fine line here. It’s possible that too much of one element can make a garden or landscape uninteresting, boring and monotonous.

However, unity can still be created by using several different elements repeatedly.  This keeps the garden interesting.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

              similar [ 'sιmәlә] a подобный (to), схожий, похожий

             architecture [ 'a:kιtekt∫ә] n архитектура, строение, структура

             focus [ 'fכukәs] v сосредоточить (внимание и т. п.; on – на)

             merit [ 'merιt] n 1) заслуга 2) pl качества 3) достоинство

             encompass [ιn'kΛmpәs] v заключать в себе

             structural a строительный

             engineering n инженерное искусство, техника

             to take into account v принимать во внимание

            drainage [ 'dreιnιdζ] n канализация, нечистоты

            issue [ 'ι∫u:] n проблема, результат, спорный вопрос

            survival [sә'vaιvl] n выживание

            selected a отобранный, подобранный

             require [rι'kwaιә] v требовать, нуждаться

             license [ 'laιsns] n лицензия, разрешение

             concern [kכn'sз:n] v касаться, иметь отношение

             scale n уровень, ступень, масштаб

            create [krι'eιt] v творить, создавать

            lay out v разбивать, планировать (сад, участок)

            expertise [ֽekspз:'ti:z] n знания и опыт

            path [pa:θ, pl pa:ðz] n тропинка, дорожка, путь

            consideration [kכnֽsιdә'reι∫n] n рассмотрение, обсуждение

            horticultural  [hכ:tι'kΛlt∫rәl] a садовый

            embrace [ιm'breιs] v включать в себя, заключать

            unity [ 'ju:nәtι] n единство, единение

            achieve [ә't∫i:v] v достигать, выполнять до конца, успешно выполнять

            consistency [kכn'sιstәnsι] n последовательность, согласованность

            décor [ 'deιkכ] n оформление, декорация

            for instance [ fכ:'ιnstәns] adv например

            unrelated [ֽΛnrι'leιtιd] a связанный, не имеющий отношения

           clutter [ 'klΛtә] v приводить в беспорядок

           repeatedly [rι'pi:tιdlι] adv повторно, несколько раз, неоднократно

 EXERCISES

Vocabulary Exercises

1.      Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

architecture, to  focus, survival, scale, to lay out, to create, path, to embrace, unity, décor, to clutter, repeatedly    

2.      Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations from the text:

to be similar, the artistic merits, as structural engineering, to into account, the survival of selected plants, to depend on, to be concerned with, garden design, the garden owners, sitting areas, with consideration, a branch, the main goals, a little décor, a fine line

3.       Find in text English equivalents to the following words and word  combinations:

ландшафтный дизайн, художественный дизайн,  различные уровни опыта и знаний, элементы садового дизайна, комбинации с другими растениями, возможно, скучный, неоднократно

4.       Find in text synonyms to the following words:

like, building, sewerage, to need, permission, knowledge, to contain, to reach, for example

5.       Find in the text antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

prohibition, to destroy, once, to expel, fire features, to separate

6.       Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:

1) We have … interests. 2) The church is a typical example of Gothic … . 3) Attention to detail is one of the great … of the book. 4) The term “world music” … a wide range of musical styles. 5) Education was one of the biggest … in the campaign. 6)  These animals face a constant fight for … . 7) Working with these children … a great deal of patience. 8) The designers were allowed a lot of creative … . 9) Several possibilities are under … . 10)  Most of the students … high test scores.

7.      Give a written translation of the text. Arrange a competition for the best

       translation. 

Grammar Exercises

1.      Перефразируйте следующие предложения в косвенную речь:

1)  She said: “I often plant the flowers”. 2) She said: “I planted the flowers yesterday”. 3) She said: “I will plant the flowers tomorrow”. 4) She said: “I am planting the flowers now”. 5) She said: “I was planting the flowers yesterday at 5 o’clock”. 6) She said: “I will be planting the flowers tomorrow at 5 o’clock”. 7) She said: “I have just planted the flowers”. 8) She said: “I will have planted the flowers by 5 o’clock. 9) She said: “Do you like to plant the flowers?”. 10) She said: “What flowers do you like to plant?”. 11) She said: “Where is my flower?”. 12) She said: “Don’t forget to take the flowers.”

2.      Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях:

1) Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2) He told me he was ill. 3) Annie said that she had planted the flowers several months before. 4) Boris told me that he wanted to build a radio set. 5) She said she had seen Mary that day. 6) Mother told me not to be late for dinner. 7) Nick asked Pete what he had seen at the museum. 8) The teacher asked who was ill. 9) I asked my aunt if she was going to her hometown for the holidays. 10) I asked my friend if he often went to England.

     Speech Exercises

1.      Answer the questions to the text:

1)      Is landscape design similar to landscape architecture?

2)      What thing may landscape architecture require?

3)      What is it the garden design?

4)      What do the elements of garden design include?

5)      What is it the landscape planning?

6)      What is the simplest way to create unity in your landscape?

 2. Retell the text

Заключение

Высокий уровень профессиональной компетенции специалиста достигается наличием у него определенного набора профессиональных умений и навыков.

Иноязычные умения и навыки успешно реализуются в составе коммуникативной компетенции лишь тогда, когда они соответствуют профессиональным умениям и навыкам, зафиксированным в нашей стране Государственным стандартом среднего профессионального образования.

Данная методическая разработка «Английский язык для студентов, изучающих садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство» предполагает формирование у студентов навыков и умений иноязычного общения в конкретных профессиональных, деловых, научных сферах и ситуациях и по завершении курса обучения наличие следующих умений.

Чтение:

·   умение читать со словарем тексты, тематически связанные с профессией студента;

·   умение читать тексты, смысловая ситуация которых может служить предметом беседы, высказываний и обсуждения на иностранном языке.

Письмо:

·   умение с помощью словаря изложить в письменной форме содержание текста;

·   умение правильно писать слова и словосочетания, входящие в лексический минимум, определенный программой;

Устная речь:

·   умение выражать свои мысли в устной форме по пройденной тематике, относящейся к учебной и производственной деятельности студента и его специальности.

·   понимать на слух речь, содержащую усвоенный языковой материал; допускается использование незнакомой лексики, значение и смысл которой раскрывается на основе умения пользоваться языковой и лексической догадкой;

·   иметь представление о культурных традициях в странах изучаемого языка.

 Письмо и учебный перевод в курсе обучения рассматривается не как цель, а как средство обучения, входящее в систему упражнений при объяснении, закреплении и контроле языкового материала и его понимания при чтении.

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Гузеева К.А. Справочник по грамматике английского языка. – М.: Дрофа, 2014.

Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 2014.

Кравцова Л.И. Английский язык для средних специальных учебных заведений. Учебник. – М.: Высшая школа, 2013.

Ковтун Л.Г., Образцова Н.А., Куприка Т.С., Матявина М.Ф. Английский для банкиров и брокеров, менеджеров и специалистов по маркетингу. Учебник. – М., НИП 2Р, 2014.

Мячхелян Г.Г. Современный английский язык для делового общения. – М.: Сфера, 2013.