Презентация на тему "Блинный день и ночь Фейерверков в Британии"

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  Halloween Halloween (31 October) and its associations with witches and ghosts derives from the Celtic Old Year's Night- the night of all witches, when spirits were said to walk the earth. Witches and supernatural beings are still remembered all over Britain, when bands of children roam the streets in ghoulish costumes, carrying Halloween lanterns-pumpkin hollowed out with a ghostly face cut into one side, which glows when a candle is placed inside. In recent years the custom of ‘trick or treating’ has gained in popularity. Although we commonly associate this practice with the United States, the custom originated in England as ‘Mischief Night’ when children declared one ‘ lawless night’ of unpunished pranks (usually May Day eve or Halloween). Halloween parties (usually for children) include games such as apple bobbing, where apples are either floated in water or hung by a string. The object of the game is for the players to put their hands behind their back and try to seize an apple with their teeth alone.

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  Easter Easter day is named the Saxon goddess of spring, Eostre, whose feast took place at the spring equinox. Easter is now the spring feast of the Christian church, commemorating the resurrection of Jesus. It falls on a Sunday between 22 March and 25 April, according to the church calendar. Traditionally, Easter eggs, dyed and decorated or made of chocolate, are given as presents symbolising new life and the coming of spring. Egg rolling competitions take place in northern Britain on Easter Monday; hard-boiled eggs are rolled down a slope, with the Winner being according to local preference the one which rolls the furthest, survives the most rolls, or is successfully aimed between two pegs! The best publicised event takes place at Avenham Park in Preston, Lancashire. Easter parades are also part of the Easter tradition with those taking part wearing Easter bonnets or hats, traditionally with spring flowers and ribbons.

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  Pancake Day. Pancake day or ‘Shrove Tuesday’ (the Tuesday which falls 41 days before Easter) is the eve of the Lenten fast. On this day in earlier times all Christians made their compulsory confessions or ‘shifts’ from which the name ‘Shrove Tuesday’ derives, and took their last opportunity to eat up all the rich foods prohibited during Lent. Thus all eggs, butter and fat remaining in the house were made into pancakes, hence the festival's usual nickname of Pancake Day. Though the strict observance of Lent is now rare, everyone enjoys eating the customary pancakes and some regions celebrate the day with pancake races. The oldest and most famous is held at Olney in Buckinghamshire. The race is run over 415 yards (about 380 meters) by women over sixteen, wearing a cap and apron. They must ‘toss’ their pancake (flip it over in the frying pan) at least three

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  times during the race. The winner receives a kiss from the Pancake Bell Ringer – church bells were traditionally rung to remind parishioners to come to confession – and a prayer book from the vicar!

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  Guy Fawkes Night In 1605 Guy Fawkes, a Roman Catholic, and his fellow conspirators attempted to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament, as they disagreed with the King's Protestant policies. They succeeded in storing some 30 barrels of gunpowder in a cellar under the Houses of Parliament, but before Parliament opened on November 5th the ‘gunpowder plot’, as it has come to be known, was discovered. Guy Fawkes and his colleagues were executed for treason. Since then, 5th of November has been celebrated in England by the burning on bonfires of stuffed figures of Guy Fawkes, usually accompanied by firework displays. These may be large oranised events open to members of the public, or smaller, private gatherings of family and friends held in people's gardens. ‘Guy Fawkes Night’ is also known as ‘Bonfire Night’ or ‘Fireworks Night’. In the days leading up to the 5th of November children traditionally take their home-made Guys out onto the streets of their town or village and ask passers-by for ‘a penny for the Guy’. This money is supposedly used as a contribution towards their fireworks.

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  National Day Scotland's national day is St. Andrew's Day (30 November), which has now largely been overshadowed by Burns` Night. St.Andrew, one of Christ's twelve apostles, is the patron saint of Scotland. Some of his bones are said to have been brought to what is now St. Andrews in Fife during the 4th century. Since medieval times the X-shaped saltier cross upon which St. Andrew was supposedly crucified has been the Scottish national symbol.

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  St. David's Day (1 March ) is the national day of Wales. St. David (c. 520-588), the patron saint of Wales, was the founder and first abbot-bishop of Menevia, now St. David's in Dyfed, South Walsh people. Both plants are traditionally regarded as the national emblems of Wales.

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  England's national day is St. George's Day (23 April) St. George is the patron saint of England. A story that first appeared in the 6th century tells that St. George rescued a hapless maid by slaying a fearsome fire-breathing dragon! The saint's name was shouted as a battle cry by English knights who fought beneath the red-cross banner of St. George during the Hundred Years War (1338-1453). This is immortalised in Shakespeare's play Henry V in the Lines: ‘’ I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the star. The game's afoot: Follow your spirit; and, upon this charge Cry ‘God for Harry! England and Saint George!’ ‘’ Today the red cross of St. George still flies above every English parish church to mark the saint's day.