Презентация на тему "Modal Verbs" (Модальные Глаголы)

• 1 слайд

  Modal Verbs
  Obligation/Necessity
  Absence of necessity
  Permission/Prohibition
  Possibility
  Ability/Inability
  Logical Assumptions/Deductions
  Criticism
  Offers/Suggestions
  Probability
  Advice
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

• 2 слайд

  Obligation/Necessity
  must - strong obligation to do sth., the speaker himself has decided that sth is necessity
  I must contact the school for some information.
  
  have to – strong necessity/obligation, when objective circumstances make us do sth
  We have to wear uniform at school.
  
  had to – past form of must and have to
  should/ought to – duty or weak obligation
  We should clear away the mess in the kitchen.
  
  
  

• 3 слайд

  Absence of necessity
  don’t have to-don’t need to-needn’t - sth which isn’t necessary to do in the present/future
  You don’t have to dress formally today.
  
  needn’t have V3 – sth which wasn’t necessary to do in the past but it was done
  You needn’t have cooked so much food. We weren’t hungry.
  
  didn’t have to – sth which wasn’t necessary to do. We don’t know if it was done or not.
  He didn’t have to invite everyone to the party. (We don’t know if he invited everyone.)
  
  
  

• 4 слайд

  Permission/Prohibition
  can/may - used to ask for/give permission. May is more formal than can.
  Can/May I use your phone, please? – Yes, you can/may.
  
  mustn’t /can’t– forbidden to do sth, against the rules, not allowed to do sth.
  You mustn’t/can’t park here.
  
  
  
  

• 5 слайд

  Possibility
  can + present infinitive - general/theoretical possibility
  Going to the gym can be boring.
  
  
  could/may/might + present infinitive - possibility in a specific situation.
  She should take a map with her. She might get lost.
  
  
  We can use can/could/might in questions, but NOT may.
  How difficult can it be?
  
  
  could/might/would + perfect infinitive sth in the past that was possible but didn’t happen
  He could have come with us, if he hadn’t missed the train.
  
  
  

• 6 слайд

  Ability/Inability
  can - ability in the present/future.
  I can speak Italian fluently.
  
  could – general or repeated ability in the past
  I could sing quite well when I was younger.
  
  was(n’t) able to – (in)ability on a specific occasion in the past
  I was able to (wasn’t able to) find all the answers.
  
  couldn’t – any kind of inability in the past
  I couldn’t read or write when I was four.
  
  
  

• 7 слайд

  Logical Assumptions/Deductions
  must = almost certain that it is/was true
  He isn’t at work. So he must be on his way home.
  
  may/might/could = possible that it is/was true
  The computer is out of order. It may be broken.
  
  can’t/couldn’t = almost certain that it is/was impossible
  That can’t be John! John has blue eyes and blond hair.
  
  
  

• 8 слайд

  Criticism
  could
  You could at least be polite to her. (present)
  You could at least have called to cancel it . (past)
  
  
  should
  You should call them back. (present)
  She should have told us. (past)
  
  
  
  

• 9 слайд

  Offers/Suggestions
  would
  Would you like a cup of tea?
  
  shall
  Shall I give you a lift?
  
  can/could
  We can/could watch TV.
  Can I give you a lift?
  
  
  
  

• 10 слайд

  Probability
  will
  He will call me tonight. (100% certain)
  
  should/ought to
  The weather should/ought to get better tomorrow. (90% certain, future only)
  
  
  
  
  

• 11 слайд

  Advice
  should/ought to - general advice
  You should stop smoking.
  
  
  shall – asking for advice
  Shall I enter the competition?
  
  
  
  

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