Презентация по английскому языку "Американский и британский английский язык" (7 класс)

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  American English
  Американский английский
  Presentation on the topic
  
  
  
  7th grade pupil
  Balabanova Anna
  

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  Plan
  
  History
  Pronunciation, accent
  Spelling, Grammar
  Meanings of words
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Official language status of the states in the United States.  
  - English is official language  
  - Two or more official languages  
  - No official language; English language   
  - No official language; multiple languages
  

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  History
  The use of English in the United States is a result of British colonization of the Americas. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 17th century, dialects from many different regions of England existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect mixture and leveling in which English varieties across the colonies became more homogeneous compared with varieties in England.
  

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  The English language at that time was not homogeneous even within England: in the speech of aristocrats, peasants and the bourgeoisie, strong differences could be noticed. It was not the refined aristocratic version of English that came to America, but the language of the peasantry and the bourgeoisie. The settlers faced different problems than the inhabitants of England, they were surrounded by different flora and fauna, history developed differently, other things became a priority, other qualities were valued in people. The language simply could not help but absorb the realities of American life – and it was changing rapidly.
  Today, English is the most common, but not the only one used in the United States.
  
  

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  Pronunciation
  The American version of the pronunciation of this letter in words is [u:], and the British one is softer and more whistling [juː]. For example:
  duty — British [ˈdʒuːti] and American [ˈduːti ]
  
  Instead of the vowel [ a: ] in words like class, plant, answer, the sound [ æ ] is pronounced.
  ask — British [α:sk]
  and American [æsk]
  One of the most striking differences is the omission in British English of the sound [r] if it comes after a vowel. For example, words such as car, turn, cover and others are pronounced in British English without a “r" at the end, while in American it is pronounced. Therefore, the transcription of the word bird in British will look like [bɜːd], and in American as [bɝːd].
  

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  In an unstressed position, many vowels turn into the sound [schwa] or practically disappear
  from can sound like [frm]
  are can sound like [er]
  
  Words ending in unstressed -ile like missile, fertile and others are pronounced in most cases in British English as [aɪl], and in American simply as [l].
  fertile- British['fɜːtail] and American [ˈfɝːt̬l]
  Long words with endings "-ery", "-ary", "-ory"In British English, one sound of these endings falls out, while in American they turn out to be one syllable longer.
  monastery-British [mmənəstri]
  and American [mmɑːnəsteri]
  
  In American, additional stress is placed on words with 2 or more syllables.
  secretary - British ['sekrətri] and American ['sekrə'teri] (additional stress on the second letter "e")
  Words can have completely different stress
  ballet — British [ˈbæleɪ]
  and American [bælˈeɪ]
  

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  Spelling
  The main difference between American English and British English is simplicity. The list of words that are spelled differently in the UK and in America has hundreds. And there are many common ones among them. Most often you will encounter a difference in the endings
  "-our" and "-or"; "-tre" and "-ter"; "-nce" and "-nse";
  "-l" and "-ll" and others.
  American – British - Russian
  flavor – flavour – запах
  color – colour - цвет
  labor — labour - труд
  center – centre - центр
  theater – theatre - театр
  catalog – catalogue - каталог
  traveled – travelled - путешествовать
  tire – tyre - шина
  gray – grey - серый
  organize – organise - организовать
  program – programme - программа
  aluminum – aluminium - алюминий
  analyze  - analyse –анализ
  offense – offence - преступление
  

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  Grammar
  The verb of the future tense shall is used only in British English, in American it is replaced by will.
  I shall never forget about this I will never forget about this
  
  In British, the verb "have got" is usually used to express possession of something, while in American, simply "have" is used
  Have you got a car? Do you have a car?
  In British English, Present Perfect tense is often used, when it comes to actions in the past, the result of which is visible in the present. In American English, you can use Present Perfect and Past Simple.
  I have lost my keys
  I lost my keys 
  
  There are quite a lot of such differences.
  

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  Meaning of words
  underground/tube(BrE) – subway(AmE) - метро
  subway(BrE) – подземный переход
  flat(BrE) – apartment(AmE) – квартира
  flat (AmE)– пробитая шина
  petrol (BrE) – gas (AmE) – бензин
  cab(BrE)- taxi (AmE)- такси
  biscuit (BrE)-cookie (AmE) – печенье
  sweets (BrE)-candy (AmE) -конфеты
  maize (BrE)- corn (AmE) – кукуруза
  timetable (BrE)-schedule (AmE) -расписание
  ground floor(BrE)- first floor (AmE) - первый этаж
  
  
  
  Sometimes words with the same meaning in British and American English do not match in spelling, or words with the same spelling have different meanings.
  

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  autumn (BrE) – fall (AmE) — осень
  holiday (BrE)-vacation (AmE) - отпуск
  lift (BrE)-elevator (AmE) — лифт
  lorry (BrE)- truck (AmE)-грузовик
  railway (BrE)-railroad (AmE) — железная дорога
  trainers (BrE)- sneakers (AmE) — кроссовки
  football (BrE)–soccer(AmE)-футбол 
  jumper(BrE)- sweater(AmE) – свитер
  
  There are a lot of such words.
  

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  thanks for watching!
  Balabanova A. 7B