Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Придаточные предложения" (11 класс)

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  CLAUSES
  Module 1
  Starlight
  Смирнова Н.В., учитель английского языка, МАОУ сош №25, г. Уссурийск
  

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  Concession (to express a contrast)
  but
  
  although
  
  even though (more emphatic)
  though (informal, used in everyday speech, can be put at the end of the sentence)
  He had a good voice but he never sung in public.
  Although it was hot he wore boots.
  Even though it was hot he wore boots.
  He wore boots though it was hot.
  It was hot. He wore boots, though.
  

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  in spite of /despite + noun/-ing form
  In spite of/Despite his talent, he couldn’t find a job.
  He couldn’t find a job in spite of/despite his talent.
  
  

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  in spite of/despite the fact that
  In spite of/Despite the fact that he had a talent, he couldn’t get a job.
  
  

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  Clauses of result
  ( to express result)
  as a result
  therefore
  consequently
  as a consequence
  
  
  so
  The hole in the ozone layer is becoming bigger and bigger. As a consequence the Earth’s temperature is rising at an alarming rate.
  
  I was feeling lonely, so I went to visit my friend.
  

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  such a/an + adj + singular countable noun
  Jack is such a good singer that everybody loves him.
  

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  such + adj + plural/ uncountable noun
  They were such nice people that I will never forget their kindness.
  It was such heavy luggage that we had to pay excess baggage charge at the airport.
  

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  such + a lot of + plural/ uncountable noun
  He has got such a lot of books that he has to buy a new bookcase.
  There was such a lot of work to do that I couldn’t finish on time.
  

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  so + adjective/adverb
  She felt so embarrassed that she blushed.
  The thief ran so fast that nobody was able to catch him.
  

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  so much/little + uncountable noun
  so many/few + plural noun
  
  There was so much smog that I couldn’t see the view.
  I’ve got so little money that I can’t pay the rent.
  There were so many mistakes in the book that it had to be reprinted.
  He had so few plastic cups that he had to go and buy more.
  
  

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  however/nevertheless
  MIND: a comma is always used after it.
  
  He left early.However/Nevertheless, he missed the bus.
  

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  while/whereas
  She is blonde, while /whereas her brother has dark brown hair.
  yet (formal)/still
  It was June, yet it was quite cold.
  My house is old. Still, it is in very good condition.
  
  

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  however/no matter how+ adj/adv+subject+verb
  We couldn’t convince him however/no matter how hard we tried.
  on the other hand
  My new house is in a safer area. On the other hand, it is much smaller than my old one.
  

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  Clauses of Purpose
  (to explain why smb does smth)
  to – infinitive
  Mary phoned the doctor to make an appointment.
  

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  in order to/so as to + infinitive (formal)
  The editor requested that everyone work overtime in order to meet the newspaper deadline.
  so that + can/will (present/future reference)
  Take my number so that you can call me when you get there.
  

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  so that + could/would
  (past reference)
  He finished his homework early so that he could go out with us.
  in case + present tense
  (present/future reference)
  Take a coat in case it is cold.
  

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  in case + past tense
  (past reference)
  
  She had taken her cell phone in case she needed it.
  
  MIND: in case is never used with will or would.
  

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  for + noun
  (expresses the purpose of an action)
  They went to their friend’s house for dinner.
  for + ing form
  (expresses the purpose of smth or its function)
  Knives are also used for cutting meat.
  

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  with a view to + ing form
  The Richardsons saved money with a view to buying a house.
  
  

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  To express negative purpose:
  in order not to/so as not to+infinitive
  He made a list of the things he had to buy so as not to forget anything.
  prevent + noun/pronoun (+from) +
  -ing form
  Violent winds prevented the plane (from) departing.
  

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  Clauses of Reason
  (to express the reason for sth)
  

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  the reason for + noun /-ing form
  The reason for her disappointment was (the fact) that they rejected her proposal.
  the reason why + clause
  The reason why she was disappointed was (the fact) that they had rejected her proposal.
  
  
  

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  because of/on account of/due to + noun
  No one could work due to the power cut.
  because of/on account of/due to the fact that + clause
  She was late due to the fact that she woke up late.
  
  

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  now that + clause
  Now that she has graduated, she can look for a job.
  

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  Clauses of Manner
  (to express the way in which sth is done/said, etc)
  

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  to say how sb does sth
  

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  when we are talking about an unreal present situation
  

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  NOTE!
  were can be used instead of was in all persons
  we can use like instead of as if/as though in spoken English
  
  He looks like he’s going to break down.
  

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  Time Clauses
  

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  time clause main clause
  Whenever she calls, he pretends not to be at home.
  
  
  main clause time clause
  He pretends not to be at home whenever she calls.