Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Conditionals" (Условные предложения)

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  Conditionals
  grammar
  

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  Sentences with “If” are called conditionals.
  If + condition, result.
  
  0). If you arrive early, you get a better seat. (обычно)
  1). If you arrive early, you’ll get a better seat.
  (без «бы»)
  2). If you arrived early, you’d get a better seat. («бы»)
  3). If you had arrived early, you’d have got a better seat. («бы»)
  

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  Zero conditional
  Things are always or generally true.
  
  It’s a tropical country, and so if it rains hard, everyone stays indoors.
  
  If + Present Simple,… Present Simple
  
  We can use when or if to introduce the sentence.
  

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  There can be an imperative structure in the result clause: just the bare infinitive with no subject.
  If you feel dizzy, stop taking the tablets.
  If you change your mind, give me a ring.
  

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  NB:
  Unless means If not.
  
  We’ll go out for a walk if it doesn’t rain.
  
  We’ll go out for a walk unless it rains.
  

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  First conditional
  Future events that will happen, or are likely to happen.
  It is a real possibility in the speaker’s mind, not imaginary.
  If we walk so slowly, we’ll be late.
  If we run, we won’t be late.
  If we don’t run, we will be late.
  If + Present Simple, … will/won’t + V1
  
  

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  In the conditional clause it is possible to use other present tenses:
  If you are driving, I’ll come with you. (Present Continuous)
  If I’ve seen the film before, I’ll let you know!
  (Present Perfect)
  

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  Second conditional
  Future events that are imaginary, unlikely or impossible.
  
  If I had a helicopter, I’d fly to school.
  If I flew to school, I wouldn’t be late.
  
  If + Past Simple, … would/wouldn’t + V1
  
  NB: the Past Simple is used in the conditional clause, but the time reference is the future.
  

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  NB:
  Would is usually contracted in speech.
  I’d become famous.
  (= I would become famous.)
  
  After if, we can use were instead of was. The were form is more formal.
  If I was/were an astronaut, I’d enjoy being weightless!
  

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  Third conditional
  A past event that is different to what really happened.
  If you had arrived earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.
  If you hadn’t warned me about the sun, I would have got sunburnt.
  
  If + Past Perfect, … would/wouldn’t + have + V3
  

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  NB: Modal verbs in conditional sentences
  We can use modal verbs, like can, could, may, might, should instead of will/won’t or would/wouldn’t in the result clause.
  If you ever come to Kaliningrad, I can show you around the city.
  If you ever come to Kaliningrad, you must phone me.
  

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  NB:
  We often use might and could in conditional sentences when we want to say that we are not certain about results.
  If you carry too many bags, you will drop the eggs. (certain result)
  If you carry too many bags, you might drop the eggs. (uncertain result)
  
  

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  NB:
  In Third conditional sentences we use
  could have V3 or might have V3
  
  If I had brought some more money with me, I could have taken a taxi.
  

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  We can give advice by using a second conditional sentence beginning If I were you.
  If I were you, I’d spend more time on your written work.
  If I were you, I wouldn’t eat so much chocolate!
  I’d be more careful, if I were you.
  

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  Conditionals without “if”
  In everyday speech we can use imagine or supposing in place of if
  
  Imagine you saw a snake, what would you do?
  Supposing you owned a helicopter, what would you use it for?
  

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  To be continued…