Презентация по теме "Неологизмы" на английском языке (10 класс)

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  NEOLOGISMS
  Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.
  
  

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  Human Language
  Words of language represent concepts in the mind of the speaker and the listener
  With concept change or new concept formation → new words
  Neologism → “neo” (new) + “logos” (word)
  

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  New Containers for New Ideas
  «Neologism: Neologisms are «words that have appeared in a language in connection with new phenomena, new concepts,… but which have not yet entered into the active vocabularies of a significant portion of the native speakers of the language». (Woodhouse dictionary, 1972, p. 225)
  
  
  
  
  
  
  «A neologism is the term used to describe a word that has been made-up or invented by a speaker, which appears in a transcript of spontaneous speech dialogue...»
  (Internet http://en.wiktionary.org)
  
  

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  Means of Word Creation
  Affixation (addition of prefixes and suffixes):
  brouser, antivirus, interface
  Conversion (a process of creating a new word from some existing one or by changing part of speech, the morphemic shape of the original word remaining unchanged):
  update, back-up,
  to google, to skype, to email
  Compounds (several stem formations):
  touchscreen, crowdsourcing
  
  Semantic change (metaphor, metonymy):
  log on/out, “железо”, software, hardware, online, offline
  Borrowings (loan translation, adopting):
  беспроводной; wi-fi, i-Pad, Windows, драйвер, дисплей, процессор
  Shortening, acronymizing, initializing:
  IT, USB-порт, ПО, 3-D
  
  

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  Examples
  IMAX (an abbreviation for Image Maximum) is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards created by the Canadian company IMAX Corporation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAX
  
  i-Pod, i-Pad, i-Phone
  The "i" was a common component of the names that Apple gave products in 2001, when the iPod was released. Among the examples of this are iMac, iBook, iPhoto, and iTunes. While some of those products live on, Apple has largely dropped the "i" prefix from its products (the Macbook replaced the iBook, for instance), though it lives on in iTunes, iMac, and iPad.As to where the "i" comes from, there aredifferent theories.
  
  Some say that "i" stands for "internet," though that doesn't quite seem to ring true in all instances. Other people say the "i" stands for the first initial of Apple designer Jonathan Ive's last name. Ive's innovative and appealing hardware designs have made Apple products very influential, but he designs hardware, not software, so that doesn't explain the use of the "i" for programs like iTunes.
  The "pod," according to some sources, stands for "portable open database," the name of the software that runs the iPod
  Google: To use an online search engine as the basis for looking up information on the World Wide Web.
  
  

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  Diverse and marvellous
  404: Someone who's clueless.
  From the World Wide Web error
  message 404 Not Found, meaning
  that the requested document could
  not be located.
  
  
  Crowdsourcing: The activity of getting a large
  group of people to contribute resource to project,
  especially by using a website where people can
  make contributions.
  
  Spam: Flooding the Internet with many copies
  of the same message, in an attempt to force
  the message on people who would
  not otherwise choose to receive it.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

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  BIBLIOGRAPHY
  1. Арбекова Т.И. Лексикология английского языка. М.: «Высшая школа». 1977.
  2. Арнольд И.В. Лексикология современного английского языка, М.: «Высшая школа». 1986.
  3. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. М.: Просвещение. 1983.
  4. Ахманова О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1996.
  5. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М.: «Высшая школа». 1977.
  6. Заботкина В.И. Новая лексика современного английского языка. М.: «Высшая школа». 1989.
  7. Карпов А.К. Учебный словарь лингвистический терминов и понятий. Нижневартовск: Издательство НГПИ. 2002.
  8. Локкет Брайен Почему так? М.: «Школа – Пресс». 1998.
  9. Малоземова С.И. Лексикология современного английского языка. Нижневартовск: Издательство НГПИ. 2003.
  10. Манерко Л.А «English through the History of the British People». Рязань: Рязанский государственный педагогический университет им. С.А. Есенина. 1998.
  11. Матюшенков В.С. Dictionary of slang in North America, Great Britain and Australia. М.: «Флинта», «Наука», 2002.
  12. Смирницкий А.И. Лексикология английского языка. М.: 1998
  13. Соколов И.М. Современная русская лексикология. М.: Высшая школа. 2001.
  
  

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