Презентация "Все об Ирландии"

• 1 слайд

  Made by
  Moskovkina Ekaterina
  

• 2 слайд

  Ireland is a state in northwest Europe with a population of 4,470,700 people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic that occupies approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921.
  Ireland is a member of the EU, the OECD, and the UN. Ireland's policy of neutrality means it is not a member of NATO, although it does contribute to peacekeeping missions sanctioned by the UN.
  
  
  

• 3 слайд

  Ireland is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
  

• 4 слайд

  The country consists of the provinces of Leinster, Munster, and Connaught (Connacht) and part of the province of Ulster. The republic has a total area of 70,283 sq km (27,136 sq mi).
  

• 5 слайд

  Amhrán na bhFiann - National Anthem of Ireland
  Soldiers are we
  whose lives are pledged to Ireland;
  Some have come
  from a land beyond the wave.
  Sworn to be free,
  No more our ancient sireland
  Shall shelter the despot or the slave.
  Tonight we man the bhearna bhaoil
  In Erin's cause, come woe or weal;
  'Mid cannons' roar and rifles' peal,
  We'll chant a soldier's song.
  Flag
  Coat of arms
  

• 6 слайд

  Dublin is the primate and capital city of Ireland. It is officially known in Irish as Baile Átha Cliath or Áth Cliath . The English name is derived from the Irish Dubh Linn (meaning "black pool"). The city has an urban population of over 1 million people and is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region.
  

• 7 слайд

  Flag
  Coat of arms
  Motto: Obedientia Civium Urbis Felicitas
  "The citizens' obedience is the city's happiness"
  Dublin
  

• 8 слайд

  Ireland’s capital and largest city is a melting pot of ancient civilisation and modern culture.
  Molly Malone
  Dublin's 390 foot Spire
  Dublin Castle
  Christ Church Cathedral
  Dublin Zoo
  

• 9 слайд

  Religion
  About 94% of the people of Ireland are Roman Catholics, and less than 4% are Protestants. Protestant groups include the Church of Ireland (Anglican) and the Presbyterian and Methodist denominations. Freedom of worship is guaranteed by the constitution.
  
  

• 10 слайд

  Language
  Almost all the people speak English, and about one-fourth also speak Irish, a Gaelic language that is the traditional tongue of Ireland. Irish is spoken as the vernacular by a relatively small number of people, however, mostly in areas of the west. The constitution provides for both Irish and English as official languages.
  

• 11 слайд

  The education systems are largely under the direction of the government via the Minister for Education and Science (currently Batt O'Keefe, TD).
  Ireland has a free public school system, with attendance compulsory for all children between 6 and 15 years of age. In the late 1980s some 574,000 pupils were enrolled annually in about 3440 elementary schools. Secondary schools, primarily operated by religious orders and largely subsidised by the state, numbered nearly 600, with an annual enrolment of approximately 234,000. Yearly enrolment at universities and colleges totalled about 59,500. Ireland also has several state-subsidised training colleges, various technical colleges in the larger communities, and a network of winter classes that provide agricultural instruction for rural inhabitants.
  
  
  Education
  

• 12 слайд

  Before the introduction of the Euro in January 2002 (non-cash: 1999), the currency in the Republic of Ireland was the Irish pound or "punt."
  
  The currency in Ireland is now the Euro . Euro banknotes are issued in €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200 and €500 denominations.
  
  Euro Banknotes are common across Europe, however Ireland has its own unique signature on Euro coins. The government of Ireland decided on a single national design for all Irish coin denominations, which show the Celtic harp, a traditional symbol of Ireland, decorated with the year of issue and the word "Éire".
  Currency
  

• 13 слайд

  Culture
  It is probable that Ireland was first occupied by Neolithic people, users of flint, and then by the small, dark, warlike people from the Mediterranean, users of bronze, who are known in legend as the Firbolgs. Later came the Picts, also an immigrant people of the Bronze Age. Extensive traces of the culture of this early period survive in the form of stone monuments (menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs) and stone forts, dating from 2000 to 1000 bc.
  menhirs
  dolmen
  

• 14 слайд

  During the Iron Age, the Celtic invasion (circa 350 bc) introduced a new cultural strain into Ireland, one that was to predominate. The oldest relics of the Celtic (Gaelic) language can be seen in the 5th-century Ogham stone inscriptions in county Kerry.
  

• 15 слайд

  Ireland was Christianised by St. Patrick in the 5th century. The churches and monasteries founded by him and his successors became the fountainhead from which Christian art and refinement permeated the crude and warlike Celtic way of life.
  

• 16 слайд

  Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, is the most important national holiday in Ireland.
  10 Interesting Facts About
  St. Patrick’s Day
  St. Patrick was actually Scottish and was said to be either born in Scotland or Wales. Even more shocking is that his name wasn’t even Patrick. His birth name is actually Maewyn Succat. However, at the age of 16, he was kidnapped and sold into Irish slavery. Later on in time he became a priest under bishop of Auxerre and took on the name Patricius, better known as Patrick. Here he felt that this was his calling to being Christianity and Ireland closer together. In any case, the Scottish should get some recognition on this day as well.
  1. St. Patrick Wasn’t Irish
  

• 17 слайд

  2. Green or Blue?
  Though green is a very popular colour on St. Patrick’s Day, the original color that was very popular and often related back to St. Patrick was not green, but blue. However, in today’s world, if you’re without an ounce of green, expect a pinch! In Irish folklore, green is known as being worn by immortals and fairies, and often signified new life and crop growth. Some even say that wearing green is considered to be unlucky as it is known to represent a time in Irish history when Ireland was not a free country. Blue came into the picture long ago when the military men wore “St. Patrick’s Blue” in their uniforms. The blue is also represented during the time when Henry VIII was declared King of Ireland and the flag used was a gold harp on a blue background. But today, green is the prominently known and worn color. In Chicago, the Chicago River is dyed green using 40 pounds of green vegetable dye.
  

• 18 слайд

  3. New York Has More Irish Pride
  With a holiday all about the Irish, you’d probably think that the biggest and most widely known celebrations come from nowhere else but Ireland. However, as history shows, Ireland isn’t the country that tops the list with Irish pride, at least not when it comes to celebration and festivities. After decades of studying, no one has found the exact time when St. Patrick’s Day was first widely celebrated. The first known depiction of the holiday comes from a man named Jonathan Swift, who mentions a 1713 celebration taking place in London. The only thing mentioned is a day where Westminster Parliament was given a holiday and that buildings were decorated in green. In 1762 in New York City, the first parade honoring this holiday took place. Today it stands as the largest celebration and parade in the U.S. Almost 3 million people come to see the parade, with contains over 150,000 people that span a mile and a half long.
  

• 19 слайд

  4. Snakes in an Ocean
  One very popular story is that St. Patrick was able to chase all of the snakes out of Ireland where they then drowned in the ocean. However St. Patrick didn’t chase any snakes out of anywhere, nor can you take folklore literally. In all reality, there has never been any record of snakes living anywhere near the Emerald Isle. Instead, figurative language was often used in these folklores, and in this case, the serpents more than likely represented druid and pagan religions that slowly disappeared from Ireland over a period of centuries after St. Patrick is said to have placed the seeds of Christianity there.
  

• 20 слайд

  With every event that occurs, there’s usually some sort of coincidence to it, and St. Patrick’s Day is no exception. In a few counties in Massachusetts, the state with the largest amount Irish population (about one-fourth), there is a celebration of a day known as Evacuation Day. Mainly the day is celebrated in Somerville, Cambridge, and Suffolk County. While Boston is already well known for its celebration of St. Patrick’s Day, Evacuation Day is important as well. Coincidentally the holiday falls on March 17, but it does commemorate a very special event in Irish history. On March 17, 1776, the British forces left Boston after troops headed by Henry Knox and George Washington placed heavy artillery around the city. To celebrate this significant event, counties in Massachusetts made the day a holiday in 1901. However, the holiday is usually under heavy fire, as some see it as a waste of money, as workers are paid for a day off.
  5. Evacuation Day
  

• 21 слайд

  6. So does McDonalds
  If you’ve ever taken a look at McDonald’s “dessert” menu, to put it lightly, you’ve surely seen the pies, ice cream, cookies, and probably even one of those fruit parfaits. You’ve probably also noticed the varying milkshakes that McDonald’s offers, especially during certain holidays and seasons. Usually around the end of February or beginning of March, McDonalds offers its Shamrock Shake. Of course the milkshake is nothing but a green color that tastes like mint. First served in 1970, the shake had become very popular in the U.S., Canada, and Ireland but today is mostly popular in the U.S.
  

• 22 слайд

  7. Yes, Hallmark Makes Some Money Too
  Hallmark is famous for its greetings that are perfect for some of the most prized holidays such as Christmas, Mother’s Day, and even Valentine’s Day. If you’ve ever given someone a card, or received a card yourself, you’ve probably opened one that was closed by Hallmark’s famous gold seal. Though it seems crazy, on St. Patrick’s Day, Hallmark usually sells anywhere from 8-15 million St. Patrick’s Day cards each year. But, offering these cards to the public isn’t anything new for Hallmark. According to their website, the company has been offering these green cards since the early 1920s, and there is always a wide selection to choose from, usually between 100-150 cards each year.
  

• 23 слайд

  8. Only Three Locations Truly Care
  While many places all over the world celebrate St. Patrick’s Day, from the U.S. to Australia to Argentina and South Korea, only a very select few locations have actually made this day a public holiday for everyone. First, the very tiny island sometimes known as “Emerald Island of the Caribbean,” Montserrat, is one of three countries that publicly celebrate the holiday. This is due to the high number of Irish refugees that came from Nevis and St. Kitts to the island. So to commemorate them, the holiday is celebrated. The holiday is also considered to be a public one in Newfoundland and Labrador. Here the holiday is celebrated to remember a failed slave uprising that occurred in 1798. And of course, last but not least, Ireland has made March 17 a public holiday as well.
  

• 24 слайд

  9. Prohibition in Ireland…Really
  When you think of March 17, you almost surely will think of beer, and when you think of someone Irish, you probably think of beer and pubs as well. But, in the history of Ireland, beer wasn’t always a given on this widely-celebrated day. in 1903, a member of the Irish parliament, James O’Mara introduced a new bill that called to recognize St. Patrick’s Day as a religious observation in Ireland. However, because this was made a law, this meant that all of the local pubs had to close; therefore, no beer was readily available. So for 67 years, the Irish suffered through a total shut down of all pubs until 1970 when the law was overturned and the holiday was no longer a religious observance, but a national holiday.
  

• 25 слайд

  10. Shamrocks
  Of course with St. Patrick’s Day comes the massive appearance of shamrocks. Whether you’re wearing one pinned to your lapel or you have them on your socks, shamrocks have definitely become a central symbol for this day. In the olden days in Ireland, the shamrock was seen as sacred. Due to its green color and overall shape, many believed it to represent rebirth and life. The four leaves of the clover represent faith, love, hope, and of course, luck. Because of this, the shamrock has continued to be very popular in the Irish culture. When the Irish were under control of the English, many silent protests were held, and each person would wear a shamrock pinned to their shirt. From then on the shamrock has became a very well-known symbol that represents Ireland and the Irish people.
  

• 26 слайд

  Ireland is famous for its contributions to world literature. Two great mythological cycles in Gaelic "the Ulster (Red Branch) and the Fenian (Ossianic)" tell the stories of such legendary heroes as Chulainn (Cuchulain), Maeve (Medb), Finn mac Cumhail (Finn MacCool), and Deirdre.
  

• 27 слайд

  After a long and bitter colonisation by England, Ireland gave the world some of the greatest writers in the English language, including Jonathan Swift, Oliver Goldsmith, and George Bernard Shaw. Associated with the struggle for independence in this century is the Irish literary revival, which produced the works of William Butler Yeats and Sean O'Casey. James Joyce was a formative influence on much of later 20th-century European literature.
  

• 28 слайд

  Art
  From the 5th to the 9th century the Irish monasteries produced artworks of world renown, primarily in the form of illuminated manuscripts. The greatest such work is the Book of Kells, which has some of the most beautiful calligraphy of the Middle Ages . Native art seems to have disappeared during the period of English domination, but after the 17th century a number of Irish painters and sculptors achieved fame.
  

• 29 слайд

  The Irish painters George Barret (1732-84), James Barry (1741-1806), and Nathaniel Hone (1718-84) were cofounders, with Sir Joshua Reynolds, of the Royal Academy in 1768.
  James Barry
  James Barry, "King Lear
  Weeping Over the
  Death of Cordelia" (1786-87)
  George Barret
  Fallow Deer on a
  Wooded Hillside
  Nathaniel Hone
  Nathaniel Hone
  «Cat with fish»
  Sir Joshua Reynolds
  Miss Bowles
  

• 30 слайд

  James Arthur O'Connor (1791-1812) was a noted landscape artist of his period, and Daniel Maclise (1806-70) painted the magnificent frescoes in the Royal Gallery of the House of Lords.
  James Arthur O'Connor - A thunderstorm The Frightened Wagoner - 1832
  Daniel Maclise, 1835.
  The Death of Nelson by Daniel Maclise
  

• 31 слайд

  Notable among Irish painters of the 19th century were Nathaniel Hone, Jr. (1831-1917), and Walter F. Osborne (1859-1903). More recently, the expressionist painter Jack B. Yeats (1871-1957), the cubist painter Mainie Jellett (1897-1944), and the stained-glass artist Evie Hone (1894-1955) have achieved widespread recognition and acclaim for their work.
  Walter F. Osborne - An October Morning
  Jack B Yeats o connel bridge
  Two elements
  Mainie Jellett
  

• 32 слайд

  Music
  Irish harpers were known throughout Europe as early as the 12th century. The most celebrated of these was the blind harper Torlogh O'Carolan, or Carolan (1670-1738), who composed about 200 songs on varied themes, many of which were published in Dublin in 1720. About the same time, an annual folk festival called the feis was instituted, devoted to the preservation and encouragement of harping.
  Turlough O'Carolan
  

• 33 слайд

  Irish folk music ranges from lullabies to drinking songs, and many variations and nuances of tempo, rhythm, and tonality are used. At the Belfast Harpers' Festival in 1792, Edward Bunting (1773-1843) made a collection of traditional Irish songs and melodies, which he published in 1796. Thomas Moore, the great Irish poet, made extensive use of Bunting's work in his well-known Irish Melodies, first published in 1807.
  

• 34 слайд

  Classical forms of music were not widely known in Ireland until the 18th century. Pianist John Field was the first Irish composer to win international renown, with his nocturnes. Michael William Balfe (1808-70) is well known for his opera The Bohemian Girl. Among the most prominent of Irish performing artists was the concert and operatic tenor John McCormack.
  

• 35 слайд

  Some of our modern musicians include (with external links) are Official U2, Chris De Burgh, Christy Moore, WestLife, Boy Zone, Sinead O'Connor, Enya, Cranberries, Enya Mary Black, Van Morrison, Hot House Flowers...
  

• 36 слайд