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The House of Commons: its structure, the parliamentary procedure
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The Parliament of Great Britain was
formed in 1707 by the
Acts of Union
The oldest Parliament
The highest legislative authority in the United Kingdom. Made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords and the Queen (who is the UK's current hereditary monarch).
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Parliament has three main functions:
Examining and challenging the work of the government
To debate the major issues of the day and passing all laws
Enabling the government to raise taxes
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The House of Commons
Meets at the Palace of Westminster
The Commons is publicly elected
MPs in the House of Commons are elected for a period of five years
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The Structure of the House of Commons
The House of Commons consists of 646 members, who are known as 'Members of Parliament' or 'MPs'. Each Member of Parliament represents a single constituency. Once elected, an MP will normally serve until the next dissolution of Parliament or until death. However, they may be expelled if they engage in serious misconduct or criminal activity.
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Speaker
The House of
Commons
elects a speaker
Doesn't take part in
debate nor vote
John Bercow
since 22
June 2009.
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The Commons Chamber
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The two-House
system
The business of Parliament takes place in two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Their work is similar: making laws (legislation), checking the work of the government (scrutiny), and debating current issues.
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The Commons
The Commons is publicly elected. The party with the largest number of members in the Commons forms the government.
Members of the Commons (MPs) debate the big political issues of the day and proposals for new laws. It is one of the key places where government ministers, like the Prime Minister and the Chancellor, and the principal figures of the main political parties, work.
The Commons alone is responsible for making decisions on financial Bills, such as proposed new taxes. The Lords can consider these Bills but cannot block or amend them.
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Checking the work of government
Both the House of Commons and the House of Lords use similar methods of scrutiny, although the procedures vary.
Questions
Questions to government ministers may be answered orally or in writing. The Prime Minister answers questions every Wednesday.
Debates
Commons debates are often lively, with MPs intervening on each other's speeches to support or challenge what they are saying.
Committees
Committees of smaller groups of MPs and/or Lords look at specific policy issues or legislation in detail.
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Rules
and customs
The origins of Parliament go back to the 13th century, and there are many rules and customs that affect how it runs. Some of these are written down and are called 'Standing Orders'. Other rules are set out in resolutions of the House. However, much of how Parliament does its business is not determined by rules but has become established through continued use over the centuries - this is sometimes known as 'custom and practice'.
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Custom
and practice
Much of parliamentary procedure is not written into the Standing Orders but exist as the custom and practice of Parliament. Some stem from Speaker's rulings in the House of Commons chamber, other procedures are followed because that's the way things have been done in the past, so a precedent has been set. An example of a well known practice is of Bills being 'read' three times in both Houses, this is not in the Standing Orders
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Traditions of Parliament
Dragging
the Speaker
of
the House of Commons
When a new Speaker of the House of Commons is elected, the successful candidate is physically dragged to the Chair by other MPs.
This custom has its roots in the Speaker's function to communicate the Commons' opinions to the monarch. Historically, if the monarch didn't agree with the message being communicated then the early death of the Speaker could follow. Therefore, as you can imagine, previous Speakers required some gentle persuasion to accept the post.
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Traditions of Parliament
Voting
When MPs vote in the Commons they say 'aye' or 'no'. In the Lords, Members vote saying 'content' or 'not content'.
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Traditions of Parliament
Prayers
Each sitting in both Houses begins with prayers that follow the Christian faith. In the Commons the Speaker's Chaplain usually reads the prayers. In the Lords a senior bishop (Lord Spiritual) who sits in the Lords usually reads the prayers.
![Prayers in the House of CommonsThe form of the main prayer is as follows:
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Prayers in the House of Commons
The form of the main prayer is as follows:
"Lord, the God of righteousness and truth, grant to our Queen and her government, to Members of Parliament and all in positions of responsibility, the guidance of your Spirit. May they never lead the nation wrongly through love of power, desire to please, or unworthy ideals but laying aside all private interests and prejudices keep in mind their responsibility to seek to improve the condition of all mankind; so may your kingdom come and your name be hallowed. Amen."
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Traditions of Parliament
Catching
the
Speaker's eye
To participate in a debate in the House of Commons or at question time, MPs have to be called by the Speaker. MPs usually rise or half-rise from their seats in a bid to get the Speaker's attention - this is known as 'catching the Speaker's eye'.
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Parliament and Crown
Royal Assent
When a Bill has been approved by a majority in the House of Commons and the House of Lords it is formally agreed to by the Crown. This is known as the Royal Assent. This turns a Bill into an Act of Parliament, allowing it to become law in the UK.
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To become law …
A Bill must be agreed by both Houses
The members of Parliament must debate and vote, the Speaker reads the result
Second Reading, it is sent to a Committee for detailed
After days the Bill comes back to The House of Commons
Third reading, the final text is approved or rejected
The Bill goes through the same stages in the House of Lords
When a Bill is given Royal Assent it becomes an Act of Parliament
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Данная презентация поможет рассказать обучающимся о Палате общин в Великоьритании. Презентация содержит информация о истории развития, порядке формирования, составе, сроке полномочий, структуре, комитетах, политических партиях.
Палата общин (House of Commons) – нижняя палата парламента в Британии. В нынешнее время эта часть парламента имеет наибольший вес. Палата общин – это избираемый орган, который состоит из 646 членов парламента. Они избираются по мажоритарной выборной системе на ограниченный срок, и имеют право исполнять свои обязанности до роспуска парламента, максимальный срок – пять лет. Палата может быть распущена премьер-министром с согласия Королевы. Вслед за роспуском палаты должны пройти всеобщие выборы.
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