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  .  Bullying is a form of peer
  victimization
  that involves an intention to harm
  

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  Forms of Bullying and Victimization
  Physical bullying is any
  type of behavior that
  intentionally inflicts bodily
  harm on a victim.
  Common examples
  include hitting, kicking,
  pushing,
  or spitting on a victim
  

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  Emotional bullying harms victims through the use words to humiliate or emotionally assault a victim. Teasing, taunting, threatening, and ethnic slurs are examples.
  

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  Relational bullying is the experience of being directly or indirectly excluded or socially manipulated by others who intentionally use their relationship with the victim as the “vehicle” for harm. Examples include gossiping, rumor spreading, exclusion, or rejection from peers or “friends”
  

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  Cyberbullying is the most recently identified form of bullying, using the computer, cell phones, and other electronic technology to victimize others. Cyberbullying involves both overt forms such as sending vulgar or threatening messages and relational forms such as impersonating the victim to make them look bad, posting sensitive private information to denigrate the victim, or intentionally excluding the victim from online groups
  

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  Gender and Age Differences in Bullying
  Boys tend to bully by using direct physical or verbal aggression. 
   Boys tend to bully boys or girls who are one to two years younger than they are.
  Girls tend to engage in more indirect relational bullying
  Girls tend to bully other girls their same age.
  Girls are more likely to be the target of relational bullying.
  

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  Boys are more likely than girls are to identify their behaviors as “bullying”. Younger students use aggression that is more overt.  
  Girls are more likely to involve both girls and boys in their bullying of victims.  
  Girls are more likely to be bullied by a group
  

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  Types of Victims
  The Passive Victim does not fight back when bullied The children are quiet, quick to cry, have no friends and a social network, anxious and insecure, lacking humor and prosocial skills, and physically weak..
  

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  The Provocative Victim  attempts to fight back but does so ineffectively.  Such children are argumentative and aggressive , they are irritating behaviors. Because they fight back, Provocative Victims may be misidentified as bullies themselves
  
  

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  Bystander experiences significant emotional reactions when witnessing or hearing about bullying
  

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  The Impact of Victimization on Psycho-Social Development
   Academic Problems: a decrease in school performance, lowered academic risk taking
   Peer Problems: peer rejection, fear and avoidance of social situations, trouble making friends
   Health Problems: inability to sleep, illness, bed-wetting, depression, stomach aches, headaches,  nervousness, loss of appetite, frequent trips to nurse, stress
   Adjustment Problems: withdrawn, loneliness, low morale, poor self-confidence, low self-esteem, suicidal attempts,
  

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  Презентация подготовлена учителем
  английского языка Никифоровой Л.И.
  г Ульяновск МБОУ « Лицей ФМИ №40» при УлГУ
  Презентация может быть использована при работе над темой
  «Bullying» в 11 классе учебник “ Spotlight 11”
  

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