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THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN
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Britain is a constitutional monarchy which means that the monarch, at the moment Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State. The hereditary principle upon which the monarchy is founded is strictly observed. The now reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II is a descendant of the Saxon King Egbert.
Queen Elizabeth II
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There is no written constitution in Great Britain because it is not set out in a single document.
Instead it is made up of a combination of laws and practices which are not legally enforceable, but which are regarded as vital to the work of government.
The term "English Constitution" means the leading principles, conventions and laws, many of which have been existing for centuries, though they have undergone modifications and extensions in agreement with the advance of civilization.
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Magna Charta, a famous document in English history agreed upon in 1215 by King John and the barons, which set certain limits on royal power and which was later regarded as a law stating basic civil rights
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Habeas Corpus Act, a law passed in 1679, which guarantees to a person arrested the right to appear in court of justice so that the jury should decide whether he is guilty or not guilty
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The Bill of Rights, an act of Parliament passed in 1689, which confirmed certain rights of the people
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The stability of the British government owes much to the monarchy. Its continuity has been interrupted only once (the republic of 1649-60) in over a thousand years. According to the law the Queen is head of the executive branch of the government, an integral part of the Queen Mother legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Crown and the 'supreme governor' of the established Church of England.
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The legislative branch is represented by Parliament, which consists of two chambers, or houses: the House of' Lords and the House of Commons. Parliament in Britain has existed since 1265. Having been organized in the reign of King Edward I, it is the oldest parliament in the world.
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The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. This House consists of those lords who have been given life peerages which end with the life of their possessors. Members of this Upper House are not elected. They sit there because of their rank. New peers are created by the monarch" oh the advice of the Prime Minister.
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The members of the House of Commons are elected by a general election. The whole country is divided into constituencies, every one of which chooses one delegate. Big cities are divided into several constituencies each. Members of the House of Commons are elected for five years.
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The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the queen. According to tradition, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the elections and has the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to compose the government.
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Thanks for attention
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Презентация составлена на английском языке. Может быть использовна на уроках истории в классах с филологическим профилем.
Политическая система Великобритании ─ в определенном смысле сложное явление. Однако самым важным фактором для понимания её природы служит фундаментальность и неизменность. Причины, возможно, объясняются тем, что Великобритании не довелось испытать революционных потрясений, как это случалось во многих других странах.
Политическая система Великобритании представляет демократическую, конституционную монархию. Она основана на так называемой Вестминстерской (от Вестминстерского дворца, места заседания Парламента Великобритании) демократической парламентской системе.
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