Проект по английскому языку "Лучший вид транспорта для вашей местности" 7-8 класс

                               Mini-project:

               The best  transport  for my place.

                                                                                                  It was   done by:

the students of the 8^th form                                                            

                                                 It was checked by:

 Sherbakova G.M.

                                                    Baley,2021

                                         Contents.

1.   Introduction.

2.   The main part.

1.     The history of transport  development.

2.     The modern kinds of transport and transports of our town.

 3.Conclusion.

4.List of literature.

                                                Introduction.

People began to travel ages ago. The  first travelers were explorers who went on trips to find wealth, fame or something else. Their journeys were very dangerous but still people keep on going to the unknown lands.

Transport has always played an important role in people’s life. The history of transport development began with ancient times. The word “transport” means to carry people or goods from place to place. The first car was appeared in the USA and it was named in honour of the creator Ford. The creator was Henry Ford.

History of transport is divided into two periods. The first period, in which all models of transport depended directly on human or animal forces or natural forces such as winds and currents, the second period began with the development of the steam engine, followed by the electric motor.

Modern transportation system is rather well developed thanks to rapid scientific and technological progress. There are lots of busses, mini-vans, taxis, personal cars, bicycles, trains, airplanes, even ships and ferries in every developed country.

In our town people use different kinds of transport, such as: cars, lorries, buses, vans, motor bikes, bicycles, trains, horses, special cars. Every from these   kinds of transport has own advantages and disadvantages. So we decided to find out  the best for our  town.

The subject of our investigation: our town.

The object of our investigation: transport of our town.

The aim of our investigation:

Find out  what transport is the best in  my town.

                                  2.The main part.

               The history of transport  development.

People have been travelling for thousands of years. A lot of  books are written about courageous travelers  and their adventures. Travelling  was rather dangerous and exhausting and  it took a lot of time. Besides, people never knew how many of them would return.  

All kinds of transport are divided into:

Ø  Land  transport. There are cars, buses, lorries, vans, motorcycles, bicycles,   taxi, trams, trolley-buses, underground.

Ø Rail  transport. They are trains, diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, electro trains, local trains, steam locomotives, suburban trains.

Ø Water transport. They are boats, ferries, icebreakers, rafts, sailers, steamships, yachts.

Ø  Aviation.  There are  planes, helicopters, aerobuses.  

The oldest type of transport is the water one. People constructed primitive boats for river navigation since the stone ages. Later people began to built ships.

The first land transport was presented by the carriages, which were later carried by domestic animals. The first animal-drawn vehicles were traced in Europe in the 4th millennium BC. 

 Rail transport appeared much later, to be precise nearly 500 years ago. Modern railroad was introduced in the 19th century England. The first  railroad in Russia appeared in 1837. Later the railroad between St. Petersburg and Moscow  was  built.

 

Aviation had several forms throughout the history. If we speak about the kites, they appeared in ancient China around before 200 BC. Then, there were the hot air balloons invented in the 18th century. The first aircraft flight was made by the Wright brothers at the very beginning of the 20th century.

2. The modern kinds of transport and transports of our town.

Now  people use different kinds of transport and you can choose the means of transport you like: plane, train, ship, bicycle or you can travel hiking.

Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Usually people, who are busy, go by plane.

Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make  the long journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

 

Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country.

Unfortunately, people of our town have no opportunities to use rail transport, water transport and aviation for travelling. They can use cars, motorcycles, bicycles, buses and vans.

Many people who don’t have car or other vehicles use  buses, vans  to get to the places near their houses or far away. Using public transport provides many advantages. It is cheaper than private transportation, that’s why even people who own a car use public transport from time to time. Also it is good for environment. More people using the same vehicle, fewer cars are on the road, therefore, fewer cars make less pollution. But when people use public transport, they  need a card or a ticket to be able to get on. Tickets can be bought at the time of the ride or just before the time of the ride. They may be valid for a single trip or within certain area for a period of time. The price of the ticket (fare) is based on traveled distance and on travel class.

The cheapest kind of transport of our town is bicycle or motorbike. But it is inconvenient   because you can’t use it in bad weather when it rains or snows.

The comfortable and popular kind of transport is a car. Since the first car  was introduced to our life,  there are a lot of changes happened around us. As a modern transportation, it not only brings convenience to our daily life, but also enhances the efficiency. 
One of advantages of using automobiles is that it can give the users much more convenience compared with other transports, such as bikes or buses. You needn't reserve tour tickets, carry heavy suitcases, you can stop wherever you wish, and spend at any place as much time as you like.

On the other hand, cars can save our time and energy. Driving the car, we can go wherever we want to go. We can reach the destination faster than other transports. We can use the saved hours to enjoy the views or do anything that we want. After all, time means a lot to modern people. It can mean money to businessmen, knowledge to school students and profit to companies. By means of cutting time with the help of cars, we can increase the efficiency of our society. 

But, we should say, that cars of our town  suffer from bad roads which cause breakdowns. Moreover, only some people of our town  can afford to buy a car because it is expensive.  
Of course, we must admit that cars   bring a lot of problems such as traffic jam and air pollution. But these outcomes cannot be avoided during the development of a society. We think   we will have a better solution to solve all these problems soon . 

3 Conclusion.

After investigating  the history of development of  different kind of transports  and advantages and disadvantages of transport of our town we can make a conclusion that car is the best transport for my place. We  would like to say cars  have improved modern life through providing more convenience to people and increasing efficiency. We should encourage the society to support the car  industry and develop different kinds of cars  to meet various needs. 
This material you can use on English, Geography and History  lessons.

                                       4.List of literature.

1)    https://otvet.mail.ru

2)    http://tourlib.net/books_tourism/kvartalnov_tourism2.htь

3)    https://ru.wikipedia.org/