Проект на тему: « Дети войны»
Цели проекта:
·
Изучить жизнь детей в Англии и Советском
Союзе во время Второй мировой войны на основе материалов the Imperial War Museum
и энциклопедий.
·
Провести конкурс проектов памятников
посвященных детям всего мира пострадавшим и проявившим высочайший героизм во
время войны.
·
Воспитывать чувство патриотизма и гордости
за великое наследие нашей Родины.
Задачи проекта:
· Изучить
исторические факты о Второй мировой войне из первых источников и глазами самих
детей
· Привлечь
внимание детей к теме Второй мировой войны, которая особо стоит в год 65
годовщины победы над фашизмом.
· Принять
активное участие в разработке проекта памятника детям, пострадавшим во время
войны
· Руководитель
проекта: Ханагова О.В.
Our project is about
children – those children who didn’t play the war but who took part in the most
terrible war in the history of the world.
They are from Great Britain and Russia. Both were
active participants in it.
For British
children the Second World War was a terrifying time of deprivation, uprooting
and separation. But many also endured intense air raids or found themselves,
shockingly, caught up in the action.
Let’s listen to Young Voices. British children remember the Second
World War. The brightest memory for them was intensive bombings.
Jesus 'Cai' Martinez
Spanish schoolboy,
Barakaldo, Spain
In the beginning of the
Civil War we didn't really know what it was all about until we heard the German
aeroplanes coming over the Junkers 52s; they had this terrible rolling noise - rroom
rrroooom rrrooooom. They seemed to fill the whole sky, not only with their
noise but with their presence, like big crows. They could come at any height
because at the beginning of the war there were no anti-aircraft guns or other
defence. The Basque government didn't have any aeroplanes until six or
seven Russian fighters came over, but they were shot down by the Germans with
their more advanced warfare
Molly Bihet (Finigan) Schoolgirl,
Guernsey
We'd just been to a shop and were looking over a wall by the side
of our house, and we saw these three planes coming over the harbour. I was
waving a cucumber because we thought they were British planes, and then they
started machine-gunning and my mother grabbed us and we ran down a little
corridor of a house opposite and stayed there the whole time.
As soon as I saw a plant coming down,
I was on my bike and often was first at one o| those sites. I must say I saw
some horrible sights. They were all dead, I think, but we saw the bodies of
airmen on fire as well. I was told that when I got home that day I was very
quiet...
Raids on London continued throughout September, and by the end of
the month 5,730 people had been killed and nearly ten thousand seriously
injured, with massive damage to the capital's infrastructure, industry, public
buildings, railways, offices and homes. London was not the sole target of the
Luftwaffe.
Great Britain is an island. It was the only way to evacuate
children by ships and rafts but the Nazis used U-bouts to torpedo evacuee kids.
At 10.30 p.m. on 17 September, a torpedo fired from a German
U-boat struck the ship just below the cabins where the CORB children slept. Two
were killed instantly. Almost immediately the order was given to abandon ship,
and just half an hour after the attack the City of Benares sank. It was
a bitterly cold night, with a force-eight gale blowing. The death toll of the
sinking was 256: 122 crew and 134 passengers, 81 of whom were children,
including 77 from CORB.
As well as organizing the collection and sorting of salvage, Boy
Scouts and Girl Guides took on Civil Defence duties: firewatching, learning to
put out incendiary bombs, detecting poison gas and giving warnings; they acted
as messengers for the Home Guard too. Other teenagers joined cadet forces S or
worked for the Red Cross, St John's Ambulance Brigade, the Boys' Brigade and
other such associations.
Operation
'Barbarossa', Hitler's 22 June 1941 attack on the USSR, took the heat off
Britain and ended the 1940-41 Blitz. On the night of the attack, Winston
Churchill, a known anti-Communist, declared his full support for Russia. At
first, few felt that the Soviets could withstand, let alone beat. But
once it became clear that they were fighting tooth and nail to defend 'Mother
Russia'.
For
Russian children the Second World War was the end for their childhood. They
became adults before their full age. They replaced fathers working endless
shifts at factories, mothers bringing up younger brothers and sisters; they
died of hunger in Leningrad and accomplished feats with partisans.
Volodia
Dubinin was a
Pioneer Hero of the Soviet Union.
He was one of
the group of Soviet partisans who went to live underground in an abandoned
mines near Kerch to resist German invasion during World War II. He used to play
there as a little boy, his knowledge of the area, tunnels and exits was vast,
and proved to be very useful for the resistance.
Kotik
Valentine was the
pioneer, the Hero of Soviet Union (posthumously). During Great Patriotic War
accepted active participation in guerrilla movement. First was coherent, then
participated in fights, has been twice wounded, was lost in fight. After that a
name of the Hero of Soviet Union Bring down Kotik streets, pioneer teams,
schools, steam-ships are named, on the native land the monument to the
pioneer-hero is established.
Masha
Bruskina was a
Soviet Jewish partisan who was captured by the Germans along with two others
(Volodya Sherbateivich and Kirill Trous) for killing a German soldier in Minsk,
in October 1941. Before being hanged, she was paraded through the streets with
a plaque around her neck which read (in both German and Russian): "We are
partisans and have shot at German troops". She and her two comrades were
hanged in public on October 26, 1941, in an improvised manner.
Zina Portnova
was a Russian teenager, Soviet partisan and Hero of the Soviet Union.
Zina
Portnova was born in
Leningrad and was spending the summer in a children's camp in Vitebsk region
when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
In 1942
Portnova joined the Belarusian resistance movement, becoming a member of the
local underground Komsomol organization in Obol. The young partisan was
distributing Soviet propaganda leaflets in the German occupied Belarus and
participated in a number of sabotage actions.
In 1943 she
was captured by the Germans. During Gestapo interrogation in the village of
Goriany, she managed to grab the German officer's pistol from the table, and
shot him and two other Nazis. Recaptured while attempting to escape, she was
brutally tortured, and then executed in the Vitebsk city prison.
Our
parents were asked who was the main in their life and they answered “Children”.
We think that all parents in the world think so. Let’s save the peace for all
children. We hope that our project of this monument will be able to remind of
children’s sufferings and heroism.
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