Проект "Рассматривая старые фотографии"

Министерство образования Саратовской области

Watching old photos

Авторы:

Великанова Екатерина

Учащаяся 8а класса

МБОУ «СОШ №2 р. п. Базарный Карабулак

Саратовской области»

Научный  руководитель:

Изверова Елена Петровна,

Учитель английского языка

МБОУ «СОШ №2 р. п. Базарный Карабулак

Саратовской области»

Адрес: 412600 р. п. Базарный Карабулак

Саратовской области,

Ул. Топольчанская, д.1А

Тел.7-23-90

Contents

Contents ………………………………………………………………………………………….2

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………3

Chapter 1. The History of Bazarno – Karabulaksky district

1.1.The settlement of the area. Where the name “Karabulak” came from………………………4

1.2.Karabulak in the XIX -  beginning of the XX century………………………………………5

1.3.The Soviet period of  Bazarno – Karabulaksky district………………………………………6

1.4.Bazarny  Karabulak today…………………………………………………………………7- 8

Chapter 2.Presentation

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….12

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..13

Introduction

We would like to tell you about the history of Bazarno – Karabulaksky district.

It is often called “Volga Lapland” or “Saratov Switzerland” because of its beautiful landscapes.

The topic was chosen because we want to share the facts about some places of

interest in Bazarno – Karabulaksky district with people of our country and from abroad. It is actual to help our district to develop tourism sector as it can increase financial security of the area.

The aims of our work are:

- to find out  the information about Bazarny  Karabulak,

- to show its beauty and particular qualities

- to learn how to attract potential tourists to the district.

The objectives of my project are:

- to collect materials about  Bazarny  Karabulak,

- to conduct a social survey among students of our school.

Based on the results of our survey work, Basarno - Karabulaksky  district 's sights are worth studying. The most popular place for visiting among all the places are  its natural sights.

Chapter 1

1.1

First people appeared on the territory  of Bazarno - Karabulaksky  district about 13 000 years ago. This fact was validatedwith a lot of  bronze blades and arrowheads, found near village Shniayevo.

Until the XIII century the northern part of  Saratov Volga Region, including our district, was inhabited by people of Finnish tribe. Then the Mordva, the Chuvash and, the Tatars, released from the mongol – tatar yoke, moved to the Saratov Volga Region. The first Russians to settle here were from Voronezh and Tambov provinces.

Until the XVII сentury Mordva tribes were engaged in bee – keeping and hunting, the Tatars wandered with herds of horses and sheep.

On the way of moving Tatar hordes this name is rather often met. There is “Karabulak” in the Northern Caucasus, in Uzbekistan. Sukhoy Karabulak is located in our district and Chernobulak is located in Baltaisky district of Saratov region.

Therefore it is considered that the word “Karabulak”came from Tatar language, where “Kara” means “black” and “bulak” means “a spring”.

Bazarny  Karabulak was founded in 1692 as an outpost to defend south borders of a Russian state from  possiblenomads’ penetration.The so – called “zasechnie  linii” were created and they were strengthened by walls with towers on them. This way there appeared a small village Nikolskoye (in the neighborhood of the present hospital and the Nikolsky church), which gave life to Bazarny Karabulak.

1.2

By the end of the XIX century it became the most developed and important village. That was the time when it developed into the busiest trading centre not only in  the north part of Saratov uyezd, but also for the nearest volosts of Petrovsky, Kuznetsky and Volskyuyezds. Karabulak was named Bazarny since it became an important centre of trading. It was visited by  merchants not only from the Volga region, but from Iran too. To  visit the daily bazaars (markets) about 11000 carts came here.

In 1895 a railroad came here. It connected the north of Saratov province with Moscow and Volsk, which was the important wharf on the Volga.

In 1887 Count   Nesselrode built a glass factory in the village Khvatovka.

Except trading the main occupation of its residentswas the leather production.At the end of the XIX century there were about 170 leather workshops, 2 steam- and several watermills, dairies and potteries.

In 1916 the first mechanical leather factory of  Poluektov and Surkov and more than 30 dairieswere opened. The owners of the biggest dairy were Guryanov and Ilyin.  A sheepskin  factory  and  a lammwollewash belonged to Shamurin and Kleyeva.  There was a merchant Gladkov’s cloth factory in Novaya Zhukovka. Besides  there  were  a  lot  of carpenters', cooperage,  fulling, shoemaking and other  small  homecrafts and workshops.

1.3

After the October revolution, large industrial factories were owned by the state. During the collectivization period there were formed  the so – called “kolchozes”(collective farms) in our district area. They needed agricultural machines, but there were very few of them. So Machine and Tractor stations (MTS) were organizedto distribute collective farms withmodern agricultural machines. The first MTS was formed in Vyazovka and was named Karabulakskaya.

In 1931 the MTS got the first tractors “Fordson”, then “STZ” and “ChTZ”. Before the Great Patriotic war this MTS had 65 tractors and 2 combines and served 7 collective farms.               By 1927 Bazarny Karabulak gave 64% of leather and boxcalf made in Saratov province.

In 1938 the district motor transportation enterprise began to work. The status of the industrial settlement was givenin 1939. In the same year the boarding school for disabled children was opened.

During the Great Patriotic war our 12 000 countrymenbravely struggled in the fields. 10 of them became “ A hero of the Soviet Union”. During the war our district delivered 2388 head of cattle, 2592 sheep, 888 pigs and a large amount of bread. Since 1942 there was a military factory evacuated from Leningrad. It was located in the building of today’s House of Culture. From February 1942 to June 1943 there was a hospital in the building of school №1.

In 1959 there was formed  aninter-farm construction organization(the so – called “MSO”). During its first year existing “MSO” built 20 large objects (a chicken-house, 2 cinemas and “House of Culture” in Staraya  Zhukovka).

In 1959 an ophthalmologist Goryachev I.Y  founded a youth health camp “Lastochka”.    The Art school for children was opened in 1967.

Bazarno – Karabulaksky district of 70 – 90 years is a district of agricultural and industrial development.