Проекты учащихся по английскому языку о проблемах экологии Челябинской области и села Аргаяш, посвященным году Экологии В России в 2017 году

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  Presentation of geography on the theme:"Ecology of the Chelyabinsk region"
  Fulfilled:
  Vasily Bachurin
  student of 10A class
  

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  Chelyabinsk area
  flag
  crest
  

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  Chelyabinsk area
  space 88529 км²
  local population прим. 3516355 (2002)
  administrative center г.Челябинск
  
  

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  You can mark several favorable factors: small population density, the presence of only two relatively large cities, a sufficient number of water and forest resources.
  The ecological situation in Chelyabinsk region.
  

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  However, the high concentration of industrial enterprises with the extremely inefficient technological processes create a very tense ecological situation in some areas of the region
  

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  Ecological map of Chelyabinsk region:
  Environmental situation:
  
  white - conditionally satisfactory
  
  grey - tense
  
  pink - critical,
  
  red - critical.
  

• 7 слайд

  In the black list of most polluted Russian cities are Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk and Karabash. According to space observations, the major heavy metal contaminated areas are around the cities of Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk.
  

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  Overall, 52% of the area contaminated with industrial waste, due to the activity of the enterprises black and nonferrous metallurgy, mining and coal industry.
  

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  The main air pollutants are the enterprises of fuel and energy, coke, electrode and other enterprises of the metallurgical complex. In the composition of the pollutants are particularly dangerous: benzopyrene, mercury, lead, chromium, manganese and whole "bouquet" of carcinogenic gaseous substances. Its feasible contribution and vehicles, poison air of the cities oxides of nitrogen, oxides of carbon, soot, lead and other toxic substances.
  

• 10 слайд

  The main receivers of polluted water are the basins of the rivers Miass, AI, Ural, Techa. In these rivers there was an accumulation of nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, petroleum products, metals. This led to the fact that in several districts of the region groundwater characterized by high salinity and iron content.
  

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  And finally, of particular note are the radioactive pollution is the result of the activity of the production Association "Mayak".
  

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  The Problem Of Argayash Garbage
  

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  The production of polluting the territory of Argayash, they are not!!
  
  
  The biggest reason Is the PEOPLE!!!
  People pollute the place: where we rest, live, work, etc.
  But don't want to live in garbage, so are fighting with garbage, making the Cleanups, cleanups of trash, etc.
  

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  I. Valishin convinced that Argayashskaya district may be clean and well maintained. This competition is held each year on the most comfortable settlement, village, street. Today the issue of construction of the regional landfill for MSW to finally disappeared many informal landfills.
  
  
  

• 5 слайд

  If will take root in our area containers recyclable? The answer to this question now depends on the positions of village head and, of course, our attitude. Are we willing with you to make our kitchen not one, but three bags for trash? One can sort all the plastic from old dolls to bubble released from a shampoo, the second will fly any glass container, in the third paper and cardboard. "And food waste?" – you will ask. They will have to hold another bag.
  

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  Argayash without waste is beautiful. So let's save it, do not litter and everything will be fine.
  

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  Ecological problems of Russia
  Performed:
  Usmanova Lyaisan
  Pupil 10 А class
  

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  Russia is one of the most environmentally polluted countries in the world. This is facilitated primarily by technogenic factors, such as deforestation, pollution of reservoirs, soil and atmosphere with factory waste. This is not only a disaster for individual countries, but for the entire planet as a whole. Let's consider what environmental problems exist in Russia, global and basic.
  

• 3 слайд

  Deforestation
  

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  In Russia, uncontrolled and illegal logging of forests is carried out. These are global environmental problems of entire regions of Russia. Most of these are observed in the Far East and the north-west of the country. In addition to the fact that valuable species of trees are being cut down by poachers, which are already getting smaller and smaller, the problem of the rapid deforestation of the Siberian regions is acute. The land is also being cleared for agricultural land and for mining. In addition to the economic damage to the state, uncontrolled deforestation causes irreparable damage to many ecosystems that were created and maintained for millennia.
  

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  Pollution of water and reservoirs
  

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  Every year, thousands of tons of waste from the chemical and oil refining industry from various enterprises fall into rivers and lakes throughout Russia; In reservoirs they destroy many species of flora and fauna. In addition, they make water unsuitable even for technical use.
  

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  Air pollution
  

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  When combustion of automobile fuel, in addition to carbon dioxide, fine dust and microscopic particles of soot are emitted into the atmosphere.
  Even substances that are harmless to humans, such as freon, get into the upper atmosphere, contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. Consequently, there are more and more ozone holes that pass through the hard ultraviolet spectrum of solar radiation. This affects only the climate of the Earth, but also all people, since such radiation is one of the main causes of skin cancer, and a rise in temperature leads to an increase in cardiovascular diseases.
  

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  Nuclear pollution
  

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  The main danger of radioactive radiation lies in the fact that radioactive isotopes cause death or mutations of cells into which they penetrate. Radioactive substances can enter the human body together with inhaled air, water and food, as well as settling on unprotected skin areas. Many of them are deposited in the thyroid gland and bone tissue, manifesting their pathogenic properties not immediately, but after a while - depending on the dose of irradiation received by a person. In this regard, the problem of the disposal of radioactive waste is extremely urgent these days.
  

• 11 слайд

  The problem of household waste in Russia
  

• 12 слайд

  Along with the above, the problem of recycling household waste and contaminating the environment is no less urgent in Russia. At present, it is one of the most serious environmental problems in the country: for a year, about 400 kg of household solid waste is generated per inhabitant of Russia. And the effective ways of recycling inorganics have not yet been invented.
  

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  Performed:
  The schoolgirl 10 Class A
  Anastasiya Zhukova
  Ecology of the
  Chelyabinsk region
  

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  Environmental problems of the Chelyabinsk region can be attributed to problems of two types. Some are typical for the industrial area, others are exclusively related to local production features.
  The region is one of the most industrialized in the Russian Federation. The peculiarity of Chelyabinsk industrialization is that all of its industry was created in the first half of the 20th century, the equipment and technologies of which are now very outdated.
  

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  Main sources of pollution
  In terms of output, the ferrous metallurgy of the Chelyabinsk region has no equal in Russia. It is represented by metallurgical plants in Magnitogorsk and Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust factories, steel pipe and ferroalloy enterprises. The region also produces copper, nickel and refractory materials from magnesite. Enterprises of this industry are the main sources of environmental pollution. The most "dirty", from an ecological point of view, are the cities of Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk and Karabash. The main type of pollution is heavy metals. In addition to them, soil and air have an elevated concentration of benzopyrene, mercury, lead, chromium, and manganese. Emissions to the atmosphere of exhaust gases from industries and vehicles contain oxides of nitrogen and carbon, soot, lead and other toxic substances.
  

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  Extractive industry left behind a career of up to 200 meters in depth and rock dumps up to 70 meters in height, which both externally and, in fact, are similar to the lifeless landscapes of the Moon.
  Waste processing in ChelyabinskStocks of industrial and municipal enterprises containing nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, petroleum products, the same heavy metals, are discharged into the rivers of the region: Techa, Miass, Ural and Ai. The content of salts and iron in them is significantly increased.
  In Chelyabinsk, environmental problems, in addition to industrial pollution of water, air and soil, are most acute with recycling and recycling of waste. The share is that the only official landfill for waste, including solid domestic waste, was closed in 1970, and new ones were not created. Therefore, almost all landfills and waste disposal sites are unauthorized. Against this background, it is irrelevant to say that the owners of the dumps of metallurgical production do not want to do their processing, which has already been successfully done all over the world with the use of the most up-to-date technologies.
  

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  The nuclear industry and «Mayak»
  On the territory of the Chelyabinsk region is located most of all in Russia "atomogradov." Here, materials for the nuclear industry are studied and tested, nuclear fuel is recycled and utilized, radioactive isotopes and instruments for the industry are produced. At the time of construction of the enterprises, the nuclear industry was at the initial stage of its development. Many processes and technologies were new and did not have a sufficient degree of protection for nature. Therefore, from 1949 to 1957, a number of accidents took place on them, which caused significant contamination of radioactive substances not only by the territory of the region, but also by neighboring ones. The common name of the contaminated region is the East Urals radioactive trail. At first it was discharges to the Techa River of wastes of radiochemical production with activity up to 2.7 million Curie. Over 124 thousand people were irradiated.
  In 1957, due to structural disadvantages of containers for storing high-level waste and overheating of one of them, an explosion occurred. More than 20 million curies of radioactive substances were emitted into the atmosphere. For comparison, as a result of the Chernobyl accident 50 million curies were thrown out.
  
  

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  More than 10 thousand people were settled from the territories of the "radioactive trail" and 800 km2 of land was withdrawn from economic use.
  To date, the Production Association Mayak has accumulated more than 1 billion curies of waste, some of which is stored in the open reservoir of Lake Karachay. And in the direction of the basin of the Ob and Irtysh rivers, an underground radioactive water lens moves at a speed of 84 m per year.
  

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