Инфоурок Иностранные языки Научные работыПроектная работа “London Tube is the First Underground in the World”

Проектная работа “London Tube is the First Underground in the World”

Скачать материал

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ОДИНЦОВСКАЯ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ
ШКОЛА №17

(143000, Московская область, г. Одинцово, ул. Кутузовская, д.11)

тел. 8 4959892464

 

 

 

 

 

 

КОНКУРСНАЯ РАБОТА

Мир без границ (английский язык)

 

 

 

 

НАЗВАНИЕ РАБОТЫ

“London Tube is the First Underground in the World”

 

 

 

 

 

Выполнили:

Герасимова Елизавета,

Федорова Арина

 6«Л» класс

МБОУ Одинцовская СОШ №17

            

 

Руководитель:   

Будулева Мария Васильевна,

учитель английского языка

МБОУ Одинцовская СОШ №17

 

 

 

 

Одинцово

2017

 

Contents

 

I.                   Introduction                                                                       

Aim and goals

Hypothesis

Research methods

II.                Main part 

1.     Theoretical part

2.     Practical part                                                                           

III.             Conclusion                                                                                

The list of the used literature and websites                                                                Appendix                                                                                  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

         The theme: “London tube is the First underground in the world”

 

During our English lessons we talk about English-speaking countries, their culture, traditions and symbols. We think  it helps to build multicultural connections with countries whose language you study. As for national symbols of Great Britain and London in our school course they mention Big Ben, double-deckers, Tower Bridge and of course London tube, (this is how the British call their underground). And it is truly can be called one of the most famous sights of England. We wanted to take a look at what is London tube famous for, what is its rich history, how not to get lost in its many lines and stations, as well as how much is the fare in the underground labyrinths of London. Though, the residents of London could say that it is a bit outdated, it is still considered a miracle of engineering. London tube is one of the oldest, useful and quite complicated in the world. But there is not enough information about London underground despite the fact that it is a significant part of British culture. We became interested in this question and decided to research history of creation and development of London underground.  Until now, this question hasn’t been exposed to the detailed research and hasn’t been presented in a school course of learning English, and that causes the choice of the theme of our research, and also shows the importance and value of this research.

The relevance of the work includes several aspects: 

-  the increased interest in learning English;                 

-  filling in gaps of a lack of studying in the school program;

 - the practical value of the research work.

The aim of this research is a comprehensive study of the history and development of London underground as the oldest underground in the world and as one of the symbols of London and its usage as cross-cultural material. In this connection, it is possible to allocate the following tasks:

1. investigate the history and peculiarities of London tube;

2. find out  interesting facts about the London tube;

3.  determine what the importance of the metro in the lives of Londoners is.

Hypothesis: I suppose that London underground plays an important role in the public life of British society and it is an integral part of its culture and history.

The subject of the research is The United Kingdom and its symbols

The object of the research is London underground, its history and importance.

           The main methods that are used in work:

- the analysis of the literature on a studied subject;

- the method of observation and description;

- the method of continuous sampling.

The forms of the protection of the project are:

- multimedia presentations;

- creative work (the creation of jigsaw puzzle of London tube map and a brochure  “The most interesting facts about London tube”);

- public speaking.

 

 

 

 

The main part

1.     Theoretical part

1.1.           The history and peculiarities of London tube

The history of London underground

In the XIX century in the capital of the UK, as in some major cities of the world, stood pressing issue of congestion of the Central roads. In 1843 according to the project of Marc Brunel, a French engineer, a tunnel was built under the Thames, which for the first time in the world showed the development direction of subway. There is a legend that this idea came to him when he watched the ship worm paving the way in a solid oak wood. The first subway tunnels were built by means of trenching, when a trench was dug about 10 m depth, a railway track was laid at the bottom, and later the brick vaults were created over it. Date of opening of the first subway line – 10 January 1863. The Metro Railway, included 7 stations, the total length of track was 6 km away. Draught power were locomotives, that smoked terribly, and there were no windows in metro carriages for the reason that the engineers believed that underground there is nothing to look at. Despite some inconvenience, London underground from the very beginning enjoyed great popularity among residents of the capital.

The development of London underground

         By the end of the XIX century underground exceeded the bounds of London, new suburban towns were built near new metro stations. In 1906, the first electric trains were put on, and just in a year in the construction of new stations they began to apply more promising and safe way of "mud shields", through which it wasn’t necessary to dig the tunnel lining from the top.

 

Gradually, London underground expanded, new lines and stations appeared, the government searched for solutions to optimize its work, but changing of the leadership of the Metropolitan was one of the factors of the complexities of construction and confusion of lines of the Metropolitan. Different managers and companies, without coordinating their actions, were the cause of many still inexplicable for Londoners constructions and geography of trains movement.

Quite successful attempts to combine somehow till that time a chaotic system of London underground was connected with Charles Yerkes’ name. Thanks to him, appeared the connection between disjoined parts of the metro.

That time Frank Peak was the manager of London Underground, who was a talented designer. He developed a worldwide known symbols, logos, and also ordered the creation of an easier for understanding maps of London underground, an improved version of which is used nowadays.

During the Second World War, underground stations were playing the role of bomb shelters, there was located the Central hardware of the air defense, Winston Churchill’s shelter and study also were organized there, and at some stations spare parts for machinery were produced. After the war, modernization and development of subway in the capital of England continued.

Now the organization “Transport of London” is responsible for all public transport in London, including metro. It also bought company "London Underground Limited".

Modern London underground

The tourists, who dream to visit the capital of Great Britain, it will be interesting to see how many underground stations are there in London? Now London tube has 11 lines, a little less than 300 stations and around 400 kilometers of track. In 6 London areas of 32 Underground stations are missing.

4 underground lines located at shallow depth, the other 7 are of deep foundation. Stations on the lines of deep-level located above the tunnels, which saves power consumption because the trains during acceleration are moving in downward direction, and during braking they are moving in upward direction. Currently, underground uses electric trains, built between 1960 and 2006. But the difference in appearance between the "shallow" (Sub-Surface) and "tunnel" (Tube) railroad trains remains so far.

Considering how many people daily use the underground transport in the capital of England, you can find impressive data on the passenger traffic of 3 million people.

         Working hours. Subway opens in London at around 05-30 a.m., but some trains go on the line already at 04-45. The metro closes around 01-00. Underground works 24 hours only during big holidays or international events such as the opening and closing of the Olympic Games in 2012. Round-the-clock metro can’t work all the time, because most lines have only two ways (there and back), and technical maintenance and minimal cleaning is required every night.

         The fare in London underground. Considering the question, how much is the London underground, you can find options of saving, if the trip to the capital of England lasts about a week or more. However, for the traveller, who visits London for the first time, it's not so simple to calculate the cost. The cost of the trip in London underground depends on the number of crossed zones (between points of embarkation and destination). In total London underground is divided into 6 zones. The farther from the central area and the fewer jumps made in order to transfer from one zone to another, the more economical the cost of travel. In addition, weekend trip costs are slightly cheaper than weekday trips. For most tourists who visit mostly the centre of London, one trip will cost about 4.5 pounds, if they buy one ticket. You can buy unlimited number of trips during the day, at a cost of 7 pounds, however, you cannot move in the subway at rush hour.

At any time, even during rush hour, you can travel with a ticket which costs 8.5 pounds. For those who prefer to save money, it’s better to buy a special smart card "Oyster card". It costs £ 5, which is refunded if you return it at the end of your visit to England. You can put any amount of money on it, but authorities encourage the use of such cards and significantly reduce the cost of travelling with such cards.

Besides, you can pay for the surface transport using a smart card. For  independent tourists is beneficial to purchase a weekly unlimited ticket "Travelcard" which is about 30 pounds.

         Behaviour in the maze of  London underground.

If you look through a London tube map beforehand, it is possible to avoid panic in the vast and intricate London underground and even enjoy the time at this famous place of England.

It’s very easy to see the entrance to the underground on the streets of London. There is a recognizable worldwide red circle with a blue bar that says "Underground". At the entrance to the station there are machines to buy tickets and the cashier desks with the metro employees. Almost everywhere there is station staff, who will be able to help with the purchase of a ticket or will tell you in what direction to move. Just like in Moscow underground, to descend into the underground you need to put the card to the yellow circle on the turnstile or push the paper ticket into a hole.

On the map, the design of which is considered perfect, it is easy to find the right subway station and the point of the change if necessary. The maps are handed out for free in hotels, and it is on every metro station and in trains.

The platforms have signs with all the stations of this branch and proper direction. But some of the station take trains from different metro lines, so you need to follow the electronic signs that indicate the arrival time and destination of the arriving train. Basically, all things are like in public surface transport: wait for your train number and go.

Leaving the subway, you need to put your travel document to the turnstile again. This way, the cost of the trip is calculated, according to the starting point and destination one.

No matter how many stations, subway lines and different features of movement in it, in general, we can say that the underground in London is one of the most convenient ways of getting around this huge city without a lot of traffic jams and long waiting in the rain.

The anniversary of London underground.

In January 2013 the world's oldest underground celebrated 150-year anniversary. Londoners consider their underground transportation is very convenient and beautiful! The network of the London underground is constantly evolving and modernizing.

 

1.2.          Interesting facts about London tube

§  Every day the underground of the British capital makes about 3.6 million trips. About four hundred escalators weekly make the trip, which is equal  to two round-the-world journeys each.

§  Almost 60% of the London underground runs above the ground, and the shortest escalator (50 steps) leads to the station Chancery lane.

§  The London underground employs approximately 19000 people.

§  London underground is the third busiest metro system in Europe (after Moscow and Paris).

§  During the existence of the London underground there were born three children. The first was in 1924 and the second in 2008 and third in 2009. One of these children was Thelma Ursula Beatrice Eleanor, please note the initial letters of the name (TUBE)... She was born in 1924 at Elephant & Castle   (Bakerloo line).

§  The busiest underground station – Oxford Circus – receives annually more than 98 million passengers.

§  The system has 64 lifts, the deepest station is Hampstead (58,5 meters underground) also has an elevator shaft, going down by 55.2 meters.

§  In board game "Monopoly", you can find three London underground stations: Liverpool Street, Kings Cross and Marylebone.

§  The average speed in the metro is 33 km per hour, and the longest train ride is 54.5 km between the stations of West Ruislip and Epping (Central line).

§  Only 29 of the 287 stations are to the south of the Thames.

§  The first carriages of underground trains were called the "ward for the mentally ill" because they had no windows and were covered with felt (like in mental hospital). Seats in carriages have not changed, but the windows appeared.

§  Baker Street  is the station with the most platforms, there are ten of them.

§  The first "official" musician of the London underground was Julian Lloyd Webber, brother of the famous composer, the author of musicals "Cats," "Jesus Christ Superstar" and "Phantom of the Opera" Andrew Lloyd Webber.

§  Professor Dumbledore’s scar. One of the main characters of the "Harry Potter", Albus Dumbledore had a scar on the left knee – in the shape of a map of London underground!

§  Another interesting fact: the London underground is the filming location of many movies ("American Werewolf in London", "Sliding doors", "Creep"). But the most popular stations  are abandoned station Aldwych (Piccadilly Line) and Charing Cross. And, for example, one of the levels of the game "Tomb Raider 3" is held at the station of Aldwych (where Lara Croft kills rats).

§  In 1987 the smoking in stations and trains was banned for a six-month "trial" period. But the ban became permanent after the terrible fire that occurred on the day of the “King’s match” on November 18, 1987 – someone threw a lit match into the tunnel at Kings Cross station. The fire took the lives of 31 people. After this incident a wooden escalators were replaced with metal ones.

§  Edward Johnston designed the font for the London underground in 1916, and they are still used today.

§  In 2001 at some stations it was decided to spray a fragrance called "Madeleine" (for upgrading and giving a floral smell). But two weeks later, this innovation was cancelled due to numerous complaints about the feeling sick from the passengers.

§  Aldgate station was built on a huge "plague pit," in which more than a thousand bodies of the dead from the epidemic in 1665 were buried.

§  The Jubilee line was named in honor of the Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 1977, but it was opened only in 1979.

§  Mind The Gap' announcement warning passengers to be aware of the distance between the train and platform at the exit ( Russian equivalent "Осторожно! Двери закрываются!"). It first sounded in 1969, Northern Line. The announcement means “Be careful. There is a gap between the edge of the platform and the doors of the train. Don’t fall down.”

§  Because of its ancient origin, the London underground is shrouded in various legends and stories, some of them are really interesting. So for example there are stories of forgotten subway workers living in the Northern district subway, which eat mice and sometimes did not disdain and "human flesh", they live there for a long time and completely renounced the world, forgetting even human speech.

§  In the many winding tunnels (they often follow the curves of the medieval streets of London) there were found woodpeckers, bats, newts, snakes, worms, deer and birds Kestrel. And of course mice,  they're a common thing there! And this is our last interesting fact about the London underground.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      

2.     Practical part

Project goal: to expand the horizons of information on the subject presented and studied in this project, using various literature and the Internet. To increase the motivation to learn a foreign language, to intensify the use of new lexical material and to the jigsaw puzzle with the image of London tube map and the brochure about  the most interesting facts about London tube, which can be used in English language lessons.

      Project objectives:

1 form skills and ability to work independently;

2 form speech abilities, skills of research;

3 grow interest in studying English culture;

4 examine and present information and research materials on the topic of project;

5 share with classmates the results of this work.

   For a practical part it was decided to create a jigsaw puzzle with the image of London tube map and the brochure about the most interesting facts about it. For this purpose, we chose the image of the London underground map in the Internet and printed it as a jigsaw puzzle. Then, using literature and network made a brochure with the most interesting information we could find about London underground. Also we used colorful pictures to illustrate it. Our brochure and jigsaw puzzle are ready! Some stages of our work you can see in multimedia presentation.

   The products of our project will be very useful in our English lessons while talking about Great Britain, its culture and symbols.

 

 

Conclusion

A half of a century so far an underground, carrying every day about  a few million people to different parts of the city, avoiding traffic jams, is considered to be an integral part of life in any metropolis. And it is not only the most effective method of transport unloading the streets of the cities, but also a part of a culture: underground exhibitions, filming movies, and some of the stations became independent works of art, which are visited by tourists from other countries.

If you remember the most famous and well-known symbols of Great Britain and London, among others surely the London tube will be mentioned. We cannot imagine London without this unchangeable attribute, because traditional photos of its logo there are almost in all tourist guides.

The idea of the research is to solve a number of difficulties encountered by students in understanding English history and fill in gaps of a lack of studying in the school program.

We consider that the task is completed, the origin, history and development of London underground are systematized and investigated.

During the research we have not only studied the origin, history and development of London tube, but have also acquired the essential skills to analyze, compare and generalize the information.

 

 

 

 

 

The list of the used literature and websites

 

1.     http://london10.ru/article/telefonnaya-budka-v-londone-simvol-goroda-i-predmet-antikvariata

2.     http://www.ccdi.ru/clubs/106_pochemu-telefonnaja-budka-v-londone-krasnogo-cveta-istorija.html

3.     http://www.lingvaflavor.com/istoriya-krasnoy-telefonnoy-budki

4.     http://digistream.ru/smartphones/v-londonskih-telefonnyh-budkah-teper-mozhno-zaryazhat-mobilnye/

5.     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

6.     http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/9921689/The-trashing-of-the-iconic-red-phone-box-is-one-bad-call.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Просмотрено: 0%
Просмотрено: 0%
Скачать материал
Скачать материал "Проектная работа “London Tube is the First Underground in the World”"

Методические разработки к Вашему уроку:

Получите новую специальность за 2 месяца

Специалист по студенческому спорту

Получите профессию

Экскурсовод (гид)

за 6 месяцев

Пройти курс

Рабочие листы
к вашим урокам

Скачать

Скачать материал

Найдите материал к любому уроку, указав свой предмет (категорию), класс, учебник и тему:

6 626 191 материал в базе

Скачать материал

Вам будут интересны эти курсы:

Оставьте свой комментарий

Авторизуйтесь, чтобы задавать вопросы.

  • Скачать материал
    • 06.06.2017 1199
    • DOCX 36.1 кбайт
    • Оцените материал:
  • Настоящий материал опубликован пользователем Будулева Мария Васильевна. Инфоурок является информационным посредником и предоставляет пользователям возможность размещать на сайте методические материалы. Всю ответственность за опубликованные материалы, содержащиеся в них сведения, а также за соблюдение авторских прав несут пользователи, загрузившие материал на сайт

    Если Вы считаете, что материал нарушает авторские права либо по каким-то другим причинам должен быть удален с сайта, Вы можете оставить жалобу на материал.

    Удалить материал
  • Автор материала

    Будулева Мария Васильевна
    Будулева Мария Васильевна
    • На сайте: 8 лет и 5 месяцев
    • Подписчики: 4
    • Всего просмотров: 30263
    • Всего материалов: 18

Ваша скидка на курсы

40%
Скидка для нового слушателя. Войдите на сайт, чтобы применить скидку к любому курсу
Курсы со скидкой

Курс профессиональной переподготовки

Экскурсовод

Экскурсовод (гид)

500/1000 ч.

Подать заявку О курсе

Курс повышения квалификации

Особенности подготовки к сдаче ЕГЭ по английскому языку в условиях реализации ФГОС СОО

36 ч. — 180 ч.

от 1700 руб. от 850 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе
  • Сейчас обучается 200 человек из 47 регионов

Курс профессиональной переподготовки

Итальянский язык: теория и методика преподавания в профессиональном образовании

Преподаватель итальянского языка

300/600 ч.

от 7900 руб. от 3950 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе

Курс повышения квалификации

Особенности подготовки к проведению ВПР в рамках мониторинга качества образования обучающихся по учебному предмету "Английский язык" в условиях реализации ФГОС ООО и ФГОС СОО

36 ч.

1700 руб. 850 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе
  • Сейчас обучается 133 человека из 44 регионов

Мини-курс

Практика гештальт-терапии: техники и инструменты

5 ч.

780 руб. 390 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе
  • Сейчас обучается 198 человек из 61 региона

Мини-курс

Психологические механизмы и стратегии: сохранения психологического равновесия

4 ч.

780 руб. 390 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе

Мини-курс

Педагогические аспекты работы с баснями Эзопа

6 ч.

780 руб. 390 руб.
Подать заявку О курсе