«Рассмотрено»
На заседании ШМО учителей иностранного языка
Протокол №1 от 31 августа 2014
Руководитель ГМО
/Камалова
Х. А../
|
«Согласовано»
Заместитель директора по УВР
______________/Чернова Е.М./
«__»__________________ 2014г.
|
«Утверждаю»
Директор
_________________/Боровикова
Н.А./
Приказ
№ ___ от «__»____________ 2014г.
|
Рабочая программа кружка
«EnglishClub»
классы: 9-11
количество часов
в год:
12 ч.
количество часов в неделю: 4ч.
Пояснительная
записка
Основой обучения является
культура как образ жизни, особенно обычаи и верования определенной группы людей
в определенное время. Культура состоит из идей, обычаев и искусства, которые
распределены в определенном обществе.
Актуальность и значимость
выбора темы кружка заключается в том, что использование национально-культурного
компонента играет большую роль не только в повышении интереса учащихся к
изучению иностранного языка, но и значительно увеличивает объем информации,
которая выступает в роли языкового материала. Совершенно справедливо писал Г.
В. Колшанский: «…включение в программу обучения иностранным языкам
страноведческих элементов, культурологических сведений и реалий связано не со
стремлением придать учебному предмету занимательность, а с внутренней
необходимостью самого процесса обучения».
Данная программа создана на
основе федерального компонента государственного стандарта среднего общего
образования по иностранным языкам. Она разработана с учетом межпредметных
связей, в рамках учебного процесса и возрастных особенностей учащихся.
Занятия кружка проводятся с I
по IV четверти (102 занятия, 4 часа в неделю) во взаимосвязи с такими учебными
предметами как английский язык, литература, история, география.
Данная программа призвана
обеспечивать всестороннее и творческое развитие детей, углубление языковых и
культуроведческих знаний по английскому языку.
Рабочая программа построена с
учетом следующих компонентов:
- социокультурный компонент;
- национально-краеведческий
компонент;
- межкультурный компонент;
-коммуникативно-речевые знания
и умения оперировать этими знаниями.
Цели работы кружка:
Þ
развитие речевых умений
учащихся на английском языке;
Þ
развитие способностей
использовать английский язык как инструмент общения в диалоге культур;
Þ
расширение
культуроведческих знаний учащихся и способствование формированию межкультурной
компетенции учащихся;
Þ
ознакомление с культурным
многообразием стран изучаемого языка, их вкладом в мировую культуру.
Задачи работы кружка.
¯
формирование межкультурной
компетенции учащихся с помощью реализации социокультурного компонента во внеклассной
деятельности по английскому языку;
¯
культуроведческое
обогащение учащихся средствами английского языка, и их социокультурное
развитие;
¯
развитие у учащихся языковой
культуры, описания реалий жизни стран изучаемого языка;
¯
развитие навыков
индивидуальной, парной и групповой работы при выполнении культуроведческой,
познавательно-поисковой работы.
Ведущая форма работы групповая.
Тематический план кружка «ENGLISH CLUB»
№ занятия
|
Наименование тем
|
Форма проведения
|
Кол-во часов
|
Тема 1. «The English Language: Around the World» (9
часов)
|
1.
|
Вводное
занятие
«Welcome to the Wonderful World of English»
|
Беседа со школьниками
|
1 ч.
|
2.
|
Англо-говорящие страны
|
Просмотр презентации, беседа
|
1 ч.
|
3.
|
Язык международной коммуникации.
|
Дискуссия
|
1 ч.
|
4.
5.
6
|
История развития английского языка
|
Чтение текстов, викторина «Загадочный английский
язык»
|
3 ч.
|
7.
|
Заимствования в английском языке.
|
Рассказ, чтение и обсуждение сообщений
|
1 ч.
|
8.
9.
|
Варианты английского языка. Американский вариант
английского языка.
|
Работа со словарем, составление таблицы
|
2 ч.
|
Тема 2. «Welcome to the UK» (34 часа)
|
10.
|
Выявление знаний учащихся о Соединенном Королевстве Великобритании
и Северной Ирландии
|
Викторина “Знаете ли вы англоязычные страны?”
|
1 ч.
|
11.
|
Географическое расположение страны.
|
Работа с картой
|
1 ч.
|
12.
|
Природа Великобритании.
|
Просмотр презентации
|
1 ч.
|
13.
|
Климатические условия.
|
Работа с картой
|
1 ч.
|
14.
|
Британия и её народ.
|
Чтение и обсуждение текста
|
1 ч.
|
15.
|
Характер британцев.
|
Дискуссия
|
1 ч.
|
16.
|
Вежливость по-английски.
|
Дискуссия
|
1 ч.
|
17.
|
Британские и русские блюда.
|
Проекты
|
1 ч.
|
18.
19.
|
Символы Великобритании
|
Просмотр презентации
|
2 ч.
|
20.
|
Национальный флаг Соединенного Королевства
|
Поле чудес «Что я знаю о
Британском флаг?»
|
1 ч.
|
21.
22.
|
Политическая система страны
|
Просмотр презентации, чтение и
обсуждение текста
|
2 ч.
|
23.
|
Конституция.
|
Чтение и обсуждение текста
|
1 ч.
|
24.
25.
|
Британский Парламент.
|
Просмотр презентации, дискуссия
|
2 ч.
|
26.
|
Политические партии
Великобритании.
|
Дискуссия, рассказ учителя
|
1 ч.
|
27.
28.
|
Kings and Queens of the UK (Короли и королевы Соединенного Королевства)
|
Просмотр видеофильма
|
2 ч.
|
29.
|
Королевская семья.
|
Просмотр и обсуждение презентации
|
1 ч.
|
30.
31.
|
Scotland (Шотландия)
|
Просмотр презентации
|
2 ч.
|
32.
|
Northern Ireland, Wales (Северная Ирландия, Уэльс)
|
Чтение и обсуждение текста,
просмотр презентации
|
1 ч.
|
33.
34.
|
England (Англия)
|
Просмотр видеофильма
|
2 ч.
|
35.
36.
37.
|
The UK: Places of Interest
(Соединенное Королевство: удивительные места)
|
Просмотр презентации, дискуссия
|
3 ч.
|
38.
39.
|
A Trip to London (Путешествие в Лондон)
|
Просмотр видеофильма
|
2 ч.
|
40.
41.
|
Customs and Traditions of the UK (Традиции и обычаи Соединенного
Королевства)
|
Проекты
|
2 ч.
|
42.
43.
|
Holidays in the UK
Halloween (Праздники Соединенного Королевства, Хэллоуин)
|
Конкурс «Знатоки»
|
2 ч.
|
Тема 3. Literary Britain (Литературная Британия) (18
часов)
|
44.
|
Английские народные сказки
|
Чтение и обсуждение
|
1 ч.
|
45.
46.
|
Пьесы В. Шекспира
|
Рассказ учителя, дискуссия
|
2 ч.
|
47.
|
Сонеты В. Шекспира
|
Чтение сонетов, обсуждение
особенностей
|
1 ч.
|
48.
49.
|
Творчество
Роберта Бёрнса.
|
Рассказ учителя, сообщения
|
2 ч.
|
50.
51.
|
Рассказы С. Моэма
|
Чтение и обсуждение отрывков
произведений
|
2 ч.
|
52.
53.
|
Агата Кристи
|
Просмотр презентации, чтение
отрывков произведений
|
2 ч.
|
54.
55.
|
Конан Дойл и его Шерлок Холмс
|
Просмотр презентации, обсуждение
творчества писателя
|
2 ч.
|
56.
|
Творчество Д.К.Джерома
|
Сообщения
|
1 ч.
|
57.
58.
59.
|
«Трое в лодке не считая собаки»
|
Чтение и обсуждение особенностей
стиля писателя
|
3 ч.
|
60.
61.
|
Английские пословицы.
|
Работа со словарем идиом, подбор
русских эквивалентов
|
2 ч.
|
Тема 4. Musical Britain (Британия музыкальная) (5 часов)
|
62.
|
Музыкальные направления в Великобритании.
|
Просмотр презентации, сообщения
|
1 ч.
|
63.
64.
|
The Beatles
(«Битлз») История группы.
|
Знакомство с творчеством группы
|
2 ч.
|
65.
66.
|
Творчество группы «Битлз»
|
Работа с текстами песен
|
2 ч.
|
Тема 5. «North America» ( Северная Америка)
(20 часов)
|
67.
68.
|
Canada. Ottawa.(Канада. Оттава)
|
Чтение текстов, просмотр презентации
|
2 ч.
|
69.
|
США: географическое расположение страны.
|
Просмотр видеофильма
|
1 ч
|
70.
|
Климат США.
|
Чтение и обсуждение текстов, работа с картой
|
1 ч
|
71.
72.
|
США: обычаи и традиции.
|
Презентация, конкурс знатоков
|
2 ч.
|
73.
74.
|
Political System of the USA (Политическая система США)
|
Просмотр презентации, игра «Поле чудес»
|
2 ч.
|
75.
76.
77.
|
Прекрасные города Америки.
|
Проекты
|
3 ч.
|
78.
79.
|
Famous People of the USA (Известные
люди США)
|
Просмотр презентаций, конкурс знатоков
|
2 ч.
|
80.
81.
|
Brilliant American Writers
(Знаменитые американские писатели)
|
Просмотр презентаций, чтение и обсуждение
литер.произведений
|
2 ч.
|
82.
83.
|
Christmas Day, New Years Day ( Новый Год и Рождество)
|
Новогодний марафон «Новый год в разных странах»
|
2 ч.
|
84.
85.
|
September, 11, 2001 (11 сентября, 2001)
|
Чтение текстов, обсуждение
|
2 ч.
|
86.
|
Revision: Everything about the USA
and Canada (Повторение: Всё о США и Канаде)
|
Викторина
|
1 ч.
|
Тема 6.
«Australia» (7
часов)
|
87.
88.
|
Geographical Position. History. (Австралия: географическое положение,
история)
|
Работа
с картой
|
2 ч.
|
89.
90.
|
The biggest cities of Australia (Самые большие города Австралии)
|
Проекты, обсуждение
|
2 ч.
|
91.
92.
|
Flora and Fauna
(Животный и растительный мир Автралии)
|
Просмотр
презентации, дискуссия
|
2 ч.
|
93.
|
Revision: Beautiful Australia (Повторение)
|
игра «Самый умный»
|
1 ч.
|
Тема 7. «New Zealand» (6 часов)
|
94.
95.
|
Новая Зеландия: географическое положение, история.
|
Просмотр презентаций, обсуждение
|
2 ч.
|
96.
97.
|
Проекты: Новая Зеландия
|
Проекты
|
2 ч.
|
98.
99.
|
Holidays in Australia and New Zealand
St. Valentine's Day (Праздники в Австралии и Новой Зеландии. День Святого Валентина)
|
Работа
в малых группах (конкурс)
|
2 ч.
|
Тема 8.
«Commonwealth»
(3 часа)
|
100.
101.
|
«What do you know about Commonwealth?» (Что ты знаешь о Содружестве Наций?)
|
Составление коллажа, просмотр и обсуждение
презентации
|
2 ч.
|
102.
|
Commonwealth
|
Аукцион
|
1 ч.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Приложение 1
Брейн-ринг «The Uk »
Цели занятия: развивать речевые умения учащихся на
английском языке, обобщить изученный материал по теме: «Соединенное Королевство
Великобритании и Северной Ирландии».
Задачи:
1.
развивать умения и навыки
устной и письменной речи на английском языке;
2.
актуализация страноведческого
материала;
3.
тренировать внимание,
логическое мышление, память;
Ход мероприятия.
Класс делится на 3-4 команды по 6-8 человек. На обсуждение каждого
вопроса дается 1 минута. Очки получает команда, которая первая даст правильный
ответ. Если ответ неправильный, то у команды соперников есть возможность
ответить. Вопросы разделены на 4 сектора: “England”, “Wales”,“ Scotland”,“Northern Ireland”. Побеждает команда, набравшая наибольшее количество очков. Вопросы
проверяют не просто знание фактического материала, а умение применить эти
знания. Вопросы требуют смекалки, быстроты мышления, общей эрудированности.
1.
“England”
1)
What region I known as the “garden of England”? ( The County of Kent)
– 1 point
2)
What English cities are famous for their universities? (Oxford and Cambridge) – 2 points
3)
Where is the most westerly point of Great Britain called “Land’s End”? (“Land’s
End” is in the Southwest) – 3 points
4)
What is the largest industrial part of England? (Midlands) – 4 points
5)What
are the regions of England? (the Southeast, the Southwest, East
Anglia, the Midlands, the north of England) – 5 points
2. “Wales”
1)
What languages are spoken in Wales? (Welsh and English) – 1 point
2)
What is the capital of Wales? (Cardiff) – 2 points
3)
How many people live in Wales? (About two and a quarter millions people) – 3
points
4)
The second highest mountain in Britain is situated in Wales.
What is its name? ( the Mount Snowdon) – 4 points
5)
When do the Welsh people celebrate St. David’s Day? (on the 1st of
March) – 5 points
3. “ Scotland”
1)
What plant is the symbol of Scotland? (a thistle) – 1 point
2)
What cities are the two great centres of Scotland? (Glasgow and Edinburgh) – 2
points
3)
What parts is Scotland divided into? (the Highlands and the Lowlands) – 3
points
4)
What are the two most interesting of Edinburgh? (the Old Town and the New Town)
– 4 points
5)
What show takes place five or six nights a week in August? (the Edinburgh military tattoo) – 5 points
4.
“Northern Ireland”
1)
What is the capital of Northern Ireland? (Belfast) – 1 point
2)
What country does Northern Ireland border on? (the Independent Irish
Republic) – 2 points
3)
What is Northern Ireland washed by? (the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean) – 3
points
4)
What island is Northern Ireland situated on? (island Ireland) – 4 points
5)
What is the nationality of people who were born in Northern Ireland? (They are
Irish) – 5 points
Итог
Подведение итогов, награждение победившей команды.
Приложение 2
Викторина «Знаете ли вы англоязычные страны?»
1.
The official languages of Canada
are:
a)
English and Spanish
b)
English and French
c)
German and Italian
2.
The capital of Australia
is:
a)
Sydney
b)
Melbourne
c)
Canberra
3.
The national symbol of the small
insular state of New Zealand is:
a)
kangaroo
b)
kiwi
c)
Koala
4.
The capital of the United States is:
a)
New York
b)
Los Angeles
c)
Washington
5.
Arnold Schwarzenegger is the
governor of the state:
a)
Colorado
b)
Alaska
c)
California
6.
……..were the allies of the USSR
during World War II
a)
The USA and Great
Britain
b)
Italy and France
c)
Japan and China
7.
The princess called “The Queen of
Hearts” is:
a)
Margaret
b)
Anna
c)
Diana
8.
During the period of colonization
British Government sent to Australia people who were:
a)
writers and poets
b)
prisoners
c)
farmers
9.
The name of the man who wrote the
text of the Declaration of Independence is:
a)
Theodore Roosevelt
b)
Thomas Jefferson
c)
Jimmy Carter
10.
The portrait of ………… we can see on
100$ banknote.
a)
Bill Clinton
b)
Benjamin Franklin
c)
George Bush (sin)
11.
The street in New York, centre of
theatres, cabarets, cinema houses and other kind of entertainment is
called;
a)
Wall Street
b)
Broadway
c)
5th Avenue
12.
The head of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland is:
a)
the President
b)
the Prime Minister
c)
the Queen
13.
…………. was the youngest president
of the USA.
a)
George Bush (jr)
b)
John F. Kennedy
c)
Bill Clinton
14.
Official currency of Great Britain is:
a)
pound (sterling)
b)
euro
c)
English dollar
15.
The USA consists of:
a)
40 states
b)
60 states
c)
50 states
16.
Famous Russian hockey players
I. Larionov and V. Fetisov played in NHL Club called:
a)
Miami Panthers
b)
Detroit Red Wings
c)
New York Lakers
17.
First world underground appeared
in:
a)
London
b)
New York
c)
Moscow
18.
Australian actress Kate Blanchet
plays the part of the Queen:
a)
Elisabeth
b)
Mary
c)
Victoria
19.
………… was the first president of
the USA.
a)
Theodore Roosevelt
b)
George Washington
c)
Ulysses S. Grant
20.
The state of Australia
is:
a)
a continent
b)
a part of a continent
c)
a peninsula
21.
Russian businessman R. Abramovish
is the owner of British football club called:
a)
Manchester United
b)
Chelsea
c)
Arsenal
22.
Bermudan triangle is situated in
shore of:
a)
Great Britain
b)
The USA
c)
Australia
23.
The official residence of the
Queen of Great Britain is:
a)
the Tower
b)
Westminster
c)
Buckingham Palace
24.
Department of Defense of the USA
is called:
a)
White House
b)
The Pentagon
c)
Empire State Building
25.
Statue of Liberty in harbour
of New York was presented to the USA by:
a)
France
b)
Great Britain
c)
Germany
26.
Tower Clock, the symbol of London
is called:
a)
Big Dan
b)
Big Ben
c)
Big Man
27. What part of Britain
is called “land of song”?
a) England
b) Wales
c) Scotland
28. How many provinces and
territories does Canada consist of?
a) 8 provinces and 3 territories
b) 10 provinces and 3 territories
c) 8 provinces and 2 territories
29. What is the longest
river in Canada?
a) the Nelson river
b) the Yukon river
c) the Mackenzie
30. What is the capital of
Canada?
a) Ottawa
b) Toronto
c) Montreal
Keys: 1b; 2c; 3b; 4c; 5c; 6a; 7c; 8b; 9b;
10b; 11b; 12c; 13c; 14a; 15c; 16b; 17a; 18a; 19b; 20a; 21b; 22b; 23c; 24b; 25a;
26b; 27c; 28b; 29c; 30a
Приложение 3
Аутентичные языковые материалы по теме "Природа
Австралии"
I. Reading
Read the text and try
to guess: where has this text come from?
1.
A leaflet about a guided tour?
2.
A book about one of the greatest
cities in Australia?
3.
A geography book?
Nature at our Doorstep
Sydney is Australia’s
largest city, with over four million residents. It covers more than1500 square
kilometers – one of the largest city areas in the world. From the famous
beaches to the distant Blue Mountains, Sydney’s suburbs spread out in a network
of houses, roads, shopping centers and office blocks. But if you look at a
satellite photo of this booming metropolis, the dominant colour is green.
National parks have much to do with this. From any high
point in the city you’ll see them – large areas of protected bushland,
enveloping and giving life to Sydney. Even in the metropolitan area, national
parks can be found in many places – beside the rivers, among the houses, around
the harbour. The largest wilderness area in New South Wales – in Wollemi
National Park – begins barely 70
kilometres from the CBD.
Sydney’s environmental wealth is no accident. It’s the
legacy of more than a century of conservation efforts by concerned citizens,
conservation groups and the state government. Since the creation of Royal
National Park – the world’s second national park – in 1879, Sydney’s parks and
reserves have been growing in number. They are now part of a large network of
some 500 protected areas across New South Wales, working towards the
conservation of the state’s amazing natural diversity.
Managed by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife
Service, Sydney’s national parks exist for a variety of reasons. They give
Sydneysiders a chance to relax and enjoy themselves in the great outdoors. They
provide habitat for the countless animals and plant species that are native to
the region. And they protect Sydney’s cultural heritage – Aboriginal sites,
colonial relics, and monuments of the often troubled history that Aboriginal
and non – Aboriginal people share.
If you’re in Sydney for the Olympics and Paralympics, you
won’t be getting into the spirit of these Games without a visit to a national
park. Of course there are many other parks to experience throughout NSW. They include
the World Heritage-listed rainforests of the north coast, the red desert
landscapes of the far west, and the fragile alpine herbfields of the Snowy
Mountains. If you are interested in traveling beyond Sydney to discover more
of the state’s huge variety of landscapes, we can help you plan a more
extensive trip. Welcome to the sandstone, water and bushland that lie at the
heart of this Olympic city!
According to the text which of the following is true?
1.
the dominant color of the
booming metropolis is
a.
green
b.
yellow
c.
brown
d.
black
2.
from any high point in the
city you can see
a.
a network of houses, roads,
shopping centers and office blocks
b.
large areas of protected
bushland
c.
countless industrial sites
d.
historic defence
installations
3.
there is a large network
of
a.
200 protected areas
b.
100 protected areas
c.
500 protected areas
4.
from any high point in the
city you’ll see
a.
distant Blue Mountains
b.
large areas of protected
bushland
c.
the Sydney Harbour
5.
NSW Parks include
a.
the World Heritage-listed
rainforests of the north coast
b.
the red desert landscapes of the
far west
c.
the fragile alpine
herbfields of the Snowy Mountains
Give the reasons for
1.
existence of conservation groups
and their efforts to protect Sydney’s environmental wealth
2.
existence of
Sydney’s national parks
According to the text which two of the following
statements are wrong? Find them.
a.
Sydney’s environmental wealth is an accident.
b.
The area of Sydney is one of the
largest city areas in the world.
c.
Sydney’s parks give Sydneysiders a chance to relax and enjoy
themselves.
d.
Since the creation of RNP the
number of Sydney’s parks and reserves has remained the same.
e.
There is a large network of parks
in NSW.
Choose
the information which was unknown to you.
Приложение 4
Тема «Национальные праздники США»
St. Valentine’s Day
No one knows how Valentine’ s Day first started. There
are several different theories. The first theory took place in Roman times,
about 2,700 years ago. Rome is a city in Italy and when it was built, hungry
wolves surrounded city walls and howled at night. They ate the people’ s sheep
and sometimes even killed people. The Romans were afraid of the wolves, so they
prayed to one of their gods Lupercus, to protect them. Lupercus was the Roman
god who watched over sheep and shepherds. They prayed to this god on a special
holiday named Lupercalia. This holiday was held on February 15th each year.
Even after the wolves had disappeared, the Romans kept celebrating the holiday
because they enjoyed it. But as the years passed, Lupercus became less
important to the people and they started celebrating a holiday for Juno
instead. Juno was the queen of the Roman gods. She ruled over marriage. This
was a holiday for love. On this day, young Roman women wrote their names on
February 14th, and the names they drew would be their partners for dances and
games on this holiday.
There is another story about a man named Valentine.
Valentine was a Christian priest in Roman Empire 3 hundred years after the death
of Jesus Christ. When the Roman Emperor Claudius II needed soldiers, he made a
law against marrying because he felt that marriage made men want to stay home
instead of fighting wars. But Valentine couldn’t agree with the Emperor’s
decision. When he saw that young couples were truly in love he married them
secretly. He had been thrown in prison. There Valentine performed miracle – he
cured the jailer’s daughter from her blindness. And they had fallen in love
with each other. On February 14th Valentine was beheaded, and at the night
before he was executed he wrote a letter to the jailer’s daughter signing “From
your Valentine”. The Christian Church took for his saint’s day February 14th.
So, this day became a day of love.
Still another possible origin for Valentine’s Day took
place in Europe hundreds of years ago. People noticed that some birds chose
their mates around February 14th. Since birds did this, they thought people
should, too. Today we see birds used on valentine cards. They stand for the
times when people believed that birds chose their mates for life around
Valentine’ s Day. Today we call two people who are very happy together
”lovebirds.”
We sometimes see Cupid on valentines. He evolved from
the Greek god called Eros, the god of love. Cupid is a chubby little baby with
wings and curly hair. He usually shoots an arrow into people’ s hearts. This
arrow does not hurt them, but makes them fall in love with someone.
Ribbons on valentines go back to the knights on
horseback. Women would give a little piece of ribbon to a knight when he went
to war. He would carry this ribbon to remind him of his love.
Roses and flowers are often seen on valentines. The
rose is known as the flower of love. Violets and bachelor’ s buttons are also
seen on valentine cards. One story says that Saint Valentine sent notes on
violets from his jail cell. The birds carried the notes to people.
Lace symbolizes a net for catching one’s heart. If you
put lace on your Valentine, you are supposed to catch the heart of the person
you give it to.
It isn’t a national holiday. Bank and offices don’t
close but it is a happy festival in honor of St.Valentine, patron of
sweethearts and lovers. It is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the
exchange of “valentines”. A valentine may mean a specially greeting card or a
little present. The greeting cards are often colored red and have red trimmings
and pictures of hearts.
Напишите прощальное письмо священника перед смертью к его возлюбленной. Write a
farewell message of the priest Valentine to his sweetheart:
My Dear Girl, when I saw you for the first
time I immediately fell in love with you. I couldn’t help admiring you and I
couldn’t afford such a beautiful girl to suffer. My heart was full of delight.
I am so glad that I could help you, but I am just a young bishop and I can’t go
against God’s will. Believe me, that even in the paradise I shall remember you
forever. But alas, I must say goodbye. Tomorrow I shall leave you, but you must
know, that I love you.
Your
Valentine.
Match the symbols of love with their
definitions.Соотнесите символы любви, используемые в День Святого Валентина, с их определениями:
The Endless-love
Knot
|
It means that the person is
tied up.
|
Cupid
|
It symbolizes a net for
catching one’s heart.
|
Ribbon
|
The Roman god of love is
depicted as a charming boy with a bow and arrows. He shoots his arrows into
the human hearts. The wounded person immediately falls in love.
|
Lace
|
It is an intricate pattern
of interlocking hearts that is generally hand-drawn.
|
Hearts and red roses
|
It is the emblem of eternal
love.
|
Halloween.
October 31 is a very special holiday for children
called Halloween. In old times the night of October 31 was the last night of
the year when all the witches and ghost were out. It was a celebration of dead
souls.
Now Halloween is a holiday for children. But
originally, it was a religious holiday. Children make faces on pumpkins and put
a candle inside. These pumpkins are called jack-o'-lanterns. All children are
dressed in costumes of ghosts, clowns, goblins, witches, vampires, pirates,
etc. Many of the costumes are witches in white sheets, trying to scare the
winter spirits. Many of them wear masks. They do not know who is who and try to
guess who is behind the masks.
There are Halloween parties in many schools. Children
begin to prepare for the party long before, sometimes weeks before the holiday.
During the holiday there is usually a parade of costumes, and the participants
and the guests of the holiday choose the most original costume. They have some
special things to eat and to drink: apple juice, popcorn, caramel apples,
candies, oranges.
The party is always fun, with jokes, games, mysteries,
witches, scarecrows, black cats, bats and other characters that try to frighten
the others.
Dressed in costumes children go to the different
people's home, ring at the door saying, "Trick or treat, smell my feet,
give me something good to eat". This means that if people do not give them
candies or apples or other tasty things, the children may play a trick on them
(shaving cream on the car or on the door, for example).
In the old days "trick or treat" had to
perform songs and shifts for their neighbors. If the neighbors liked the
performance, the children received a "treat" - fruit or candy. If
not, the neighbors played a trick on the children - like throwing water on
them.
A favorite game at Halloween parties is ducking for
apples. Apples swim in the water in a big bowl. Children are to get one. Each
child holds a fork in his (her) mouth and tries to stab an apple. The children
get very wet but enjoy themselves greatly.
Guess the holidays, which these poems and
songs are devoted to.Угадайте праздники, которым посвящены эти стихи и песни.
Use the articles where necessary. Используйте артикли, где это необходимо.
Christmas.
Most people in … Britain see Christmas as …
major festival of … year – when parties are given and gifts are received.
Almost all … people are having fun on Christmas Eve, especially children. On
Christmas Eve, children hang … stocking at … end of their beds or over …
fire-place. They are told that Father Pole and fills each stocking with …
presents. The children open their presents – put there secretly by their
parents – on Christmas morning.
Lunch is … most important point on Christmas
Day. … traditional lunch consists of … roast turkey with … vegetables, followed
by Christmas pudding, which is made with … dried fruit and … brandy. Sometimes
… coin is put in … pudding as … surprise.
… day after Christmas is called Boxing Day
(after the church box which was opened for … poor on that day) and this too is
… public holiday.
New
Year’s Eve in Scotland.
People all over … Britain celebrate … passing
of … old year and … coming of … new. In Scotland, Hogmanay – as it is called
there – is almost as important as Christmas. … Scots take New Year’s Eve very
seriously. There is a New Year Eve Fire Festival; ... men parade with blazing
tar barrels, they throw them into … great bonfire. The “First Boots” then set
out.
In Scotland “first footing” is … common
custom: it’s considered lucky if … dark-haired man is … first to set foot in …
house after midnight on Hogmanay, bringing … coin, … peace of … bread, or …
lump of .. coal as … symbol of plenty for … coming year.
Independence
Day.
The 4th of July is the biggest national holiday of the
USA. It is celebrated as the birthday of the country. July the 4th, 1776 when
the American colonies were fighting with Britannia, the Continental Congress,
adopted a resolution, which has come to be known as the Declaration of
Independence.
In fact, the Declaration of Independence was a letter
from the Continental Congress to the king of Great Britain. Tomas Jefferson
wrote to the king that the people of America did not want to pay taxes. But the
Declaration was just a letter, it didn’t make the American people independent
of Britain. Though the Declaration of Independence has been adopted on July the
4th, it was not signed by the members of the congress on August the 2nd, 1776.
The Congress held it’s meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The member met the Independence Hall and celebrated their first “Fourth of
July”.
Philadelphia, which
was founded in 1682 by William Penn, a prominent statesman, was a large city in
Colonial America. Even now some parts of the old city remind one of the pasts.
Visitors can walk the old streets, see the old houses and public buildings. In
1790 the first congress met in Philadelphia. It would be the capital of the USA
while the federal capital in Washington D.C. was being built. It remained the
capital for the next 10 years.
Americans
still ring bells to celebrate Independence Day. They march on the parades. They
decorate the graves of their dead soldiers. In the evening of the Fourth they
shoot off fire-works in parks and fields.
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