Раздаточный материал по теме "Космическая гонка"

THE SPACE RACE

1. Do you know the answers to these questions?

1)    What cosmodrome did Gagarin fly to space from?

2)    What colour was his spacesuit? Why?

3)    What was Alexei Leonov famous for?

4)    What other things did the Soviet Union manage to be first in?

5)    Who won the Space Race?

2. Watch the video for the first time and tick the things you see in it.

a bus ____                                      seashore _____

women with flowers ____                stars _____

cameramen ____                            books about American history ____

newspaper headlines __                 a square full of people ____

computers _____                            a plane ____

3. Watch the video again and complete the sentences with the missing words.  

1)    On April the 12th 1961 Yuri Gagarin ushered the world into the ________ age.

2)    Gagarin’s flight was one of the greatest moments in the ________ history.

3)    We saw our world in a completely new _________ .

4)    Gagarin became the first man to see the Earth from space and marvel at a thin ________ line of its atmosphere.

5)    Their Cold War rivals, the _____________, looked on amazed.

6)    Their own space __________ was developing under the guidance of a German engineer.

7)    They assumed the _________ _________ in space would be an American.

4. Watch the second video and choose the correct option

1)    Leonov went out the ship

a)    to drift free in space      b) check what was wrong with the ship   

                 c) take a picture of himself

      2) The pressure inside Leonov’s suit made it

                 a) explode           b) grow smaller          c) grow bigger

      3) Leonov made a decision

                 a) after speaking to other cosmonauts      b) on his own      

                 c) because it was an order

      4) On that day Leonov

                a) promised to never go to space again

b)    lost 6 kilograms

c)    became taller

5. Watch the second video again and find the English equivalents of these words and phrases:

шлюз _____________                          “Земля”, центр управления __________       

скафандр ___________                        шлюзовая камера ________________

сматывать фал _______________       шлем (забрало) _______________

иллюминатор* _________________

6. Read the article and find out what went wrong with the Space Race for the Soviet Union.

'Cosmonauts' Documentary Shows How Russia 'Won the Space Race'

By Robert Z. Pearlman

Fifty-five years after Yuri Gagarin became the first human to launch into space, a documentary about the Soviet space program seeks to reveal how Russia actually "won the space race."

"We all think we know the story of space — that it was conquered by the Americans," narrator Paul McGann, a British actor perhaps best known for his role as the eighth Doctor in the British sci-fi TV series "Doctor Who," states as "Cosmonauts" opens. "But that is not the real story. The actual conquerors of space were a group of men, and women, from the other side of the Iron Curtain."

"After decades of secrecy, they are now free to tell the extraordinary stories of how they risked everything to take the first steps into space," McGann continues. "This is the remarkable, and at times terrifying, story of the cosmonauts."

As the documentary recounts, the Soviet Union successfully beat the United States to many of the first milestones during the first eight years of the space race.

Russia put the first satellite into Earth orbit, Sputnik, in 1957, followed by the first living creature to do so, a dog named Laika. Gagarin's April 12, 1961, Vostok 1 mission was succeeded by the first concurrent spaceflights by two cosmonauts, and then the launch of the first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963.

Finally, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov became the first person to walk in space, in March 1965.

The Soviets' ability to do so much so quickly, the documentary explains, is in large part attributed to two factors: the country's post-World War II development of much heavier bombs required a much larger rocket, and the leadership of Sergei Korolev, who, due to concerns for his safety, was publicly known only as the "Chief Designer" until his sudden death in 1966.

"All the space flights made in my father's lifetime had one thing in common: Each successive flight involved something new," Natalya Koroleva, Korolev's daughter, says in "Cosmonauts."

But even Korolev was not able to overcome a mounting problem in the race with the U.S. to the moon: the budget.

"Korolev said, 'We have to build a new launcher, and it will be expensive,'" Sergei Khrushchev, son of late Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, says in the documentary. "And my father asked how much. And Korolev told him, 'I don't know, but it is not important.'"

"My father answered, 'It is not important for you, but it is very important for me. We in the Soviet Union have other priorities. We need to increase production of food; still we have shortages. We need to build more and more homes. And I don't want to spend all this money to beat Americans on the race to the moon,'" Khrushchev recounts his father saying.

Ultimately, Korolev would design a larger, much more powerful rocket to reach the moon, the N1 rocket, but he would not live long enough to see it fail. Nor would he see the tragedies that would come for the Soviet space program in the years to follow, including the loss of cosmonauts on the first Soyuz and Salyut space station flights.

But despite that and other setbacks, the Soviets, and then Russia's newfound focus on orbiting space laboratories, would ultimately influence not just the course of their own space program, but NASA's and the rest of the world's. Today, the International Space Station is a product of the lessons learned by Russia after decades of launching and operating space stations.

"The Soviets may have lost the race to the moon, but our continued presence in orbit owes everything to the Russians' determination to conquer space," McGann states toward the end of "Cosmonauts."

THINK!

What was the point in starting the Space Race? Why was and still is Space exploration so important?

If you are interested in the topic, the full documentary “Cosmonauts How Russia Won the Space Race (2014)” can be watched here  https://vimeo.com/306311919

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Resiliency	●      You don’t stop being productive. ●      You see the connection between your internal and external self. ●      You are at your best when things are at their worst. ●      You have unbeatable spirit. ●      You understand the purpose of actions may not be clear in the moment, but there is good reason—you trust those who guide you. ●      You have a “Can do!” attitude

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Adaptability	●      You adapt to situations and individuals, while taking into account the context of the situation. ●      You know your boundaries, and how/when to extend them. ●      You are open and tolerant of ideas different from your own. ●      You understand the unique nature of individual cultural backgrounds.

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Curiosity	●      You ask questions to understand, not to simply get answers. ●      You are transferring knowledge to others, not simply showing what you know or what others do not.

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Ability to trust	●      You trust in yourself and maintain trust in others. ●      Your trust is built upon good judgment. ●      Your reflection on previous experiences helps to inform the exchange of trust

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Creativity	●      You are flexible in how an issue / problem / situation is looked at. ●      Your humor is a creative resource, used appropriately as an emerging contextual response. ●      You have a good sense of play and spirit of playfulness. ●      You are aware of different forms of creativity.

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Age	●      The astronaut selection program will be open for applicants who are 18 years or older. This is the age by which children become legal adults in most countries in the world. There is not an upper age limit to apply for the astronaut selection program. If the applicant enjoys good health and he or she has all the other characteristics needed for the mission he or she has what it takes to apply.

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Medical and Physical Requirements	In general, normal medical and physiological health standards will be used. These standards are derived from evidence-based medicine, verified from clinical studies. ●      The applicant must be free from any disease, any dependency on drugs, alcohol or tobacco; ●      Normal range of motion and functionality in all joints; ●      Visual acuity in both eyes of 100% (20/20) either uncorrected or corrected with lenses or contact lenses; ●      Free from any psychiatric disorders; ●      It is important to be healthy, with an age- and gender-adequate fitness level; ●      Blood pressure should not exceed 140/90 measured in a sitting position; ●      The standing height must be between 157 and 190 cm.

THE FUTURE.     

Characteristic	Practical Application
Country of origin and language	●      Mars One accepts applicants from any country in the world. ●      The official language, will be English. It is possible however, to enter the selection program without an extensive knowledge of English. Applicants can apply in one of the 11 most used languages on Internet: English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Russian, Arabic, Chinese Mandarin, Korean, Indonesian, Japanese.  As applicants progress through the selection procedure, requirements on their English skills will increase. For the second round of the selection program, selected applicants will meet a Mars One selection committee for an interview. For this interview, A2 English level (elementary) will be essential.