Тема: «What
is a computer?»
Useful Vocabulary
device - устройство
carry out - выполнять
be possible without - быть
возможным без
find - находить
throughout -
через
field –
поле, отрасль
available -
доступный
used – используемый
do - выполнять
perform - выполнять
data – данные
№ 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст «Computers»
Computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of
instructions called program and then carry out them. The modern world of
high technology could not be possible without computers.
Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout our
society. They are used for the storage and handling of data, secret
governmental files, information about banking transactions and so on.
They are essential tools in almost every field of
research, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrow's
weather reports. Using of different databases and computer networks make available
a great variety of information sources.
There are two main types of computers, analog and digital,
although the term computer is often used to mean only the digital type,
because this type of computer is widely used today.
Everything that a digital computer does is based on one
operation: the ability to determine: on or off, high voltage or low voltage or
— in the case of numbers — 0 or 1 or do-called binary code. The speed at which
the computer performs this simple act is called computer speed. Computer speeds
are measured in Hertz or cycles per second. A computer with a «clock speed» of
2000 MHz is a fairly representative microcomputer today. It is capable of
executing 2000 million discrete operations per second. Nowadays microcomputers
can perform from 800 to over 3000 million operations per second and
supercomputers used in research and defense applications, attain speeds of many
billions of cycles per second.
Digital computer speed and calculating power are further enhanced
by the amount of data handled during each cycle. Except two main types
of computers, analog and digital there are eight generations of digital
computers or processing units.
№ 2 Сопоставьте слова (10 минут):
1.
play (v)
2. operate (v)
3. translate (v)
4. foreign (a)
5. language (n)
6. help (v)
7. science (n)
8. store (v)
9. complex (a)
10. education
(n)
|
a)
образование
b) сложный
c) хранить
d) наука
e) помогать
f) играть
g) работать
h) переводить
i) иностранный
j) язык
|
№ 3. Найдите эквиваленты:
Электронное устройство, высокие технологии, хранение и передача
информации, прогноз погоды, необходимые инструменты, возможность определять,
высокое напряжение, бинарный код, защищать приложения, 8 поколений.
COMPUTERS
The use of computers
Just as television has extended human sight across the barriers
of time and distance, so the computers extend the power of the human mind
across the existing barriers.
They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It’s much
faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library.
In the last 10 years or so, most large businesses have become
completely depended on computers for storing and looking an information, for
writing and calculating financial and mathematical information.
Computers within a single office or building may be connected,
and they there fore form a network. Users of computers on a network can send
messages to each other utilizing the same collections of data or information.
In many offices and organizations computer message have replaced messages
written on paper, and they are now called e-mail or electronic mail.
E-mail is a great invention, too. It’s faster than sending a
letter and cheaper than sending a telegram.
E-mail saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place
to another. Workers can send and receive e-mail without leaving their desks and
their desktop computers. But computers have some disadvantages. Computers can
get viruses. Sometimes the wrong people can make use of the information
available in the wrong way. Computers become out of date very quickly, they
need to be replaced.
Words and word combinations:
to extend-продлевать, расширять
existing-существование
within-в пределах
to utilize-использовать, перерабатывать
to replace-ставить, заменять
Give the English equivalents for:
Расширять способности человеческого мозга, существующие барьеры,
экономить время, делать ошибки, полностью зависит от компьютера, просматривать
информацию, посылать сообщения, заменять сообщения, великое изобретение, ,
посылать и получать электронную почту, не покидая своего места , использовать
информацию неправильно, устаревать, нуждаться в замене.
Answer the questions:
1.What advantages of computer do you know?
2.Why have most large businesses become completely depended on
computers?
3.How do we use the e-mail?
4.What disadvantages of computers do you know?
Computers at school
Information science with the ideas and message of
processing and storing information is of great importance today. That’s why
computer technology must be told in secondary school. The new subject “basic
information science”, and “computing machine” was introduсed
for the siner forms at schools. The pupils teach computers to resolve
school problems. Contact with the machine increases the interest in learning,
makes them more serious about studying new subject. School computers are used
not only for studying information science, but also examinations purposes.
Young people who finish the school must be trained to operate computers.
Words and word combinations:
a message of processing-средство обработки
a storing of information-собрание информации
to introduce-вводить
to use-использовать
to increase-увеличивать
a purpose-намерение, цель
to train-обучать
Give the English equivalents for:
Информационная наука, средство развития, компьютерная
технология, стимулировать интерес к обучению, делать более серьезным обучение
новым предметам, для изучения информатики.
Answer the questions:
1. Why is information science very important today?
2. Why do the pupils teach the computers at school?
3. What increases the interest of learning?
4. Where are school computers used?
Computers in medicine
Computers are one of great importance in modern hospital. The
chief use of computers is the storing and sorting the medical knowledge which
has been enquired in the last 50 years. No doctor can possible keep up with all
discoveries. The only solution of the problem is store medical knowledge in a
computer. Today there are medical computer centers were all existing knowledge
of symptoms of various diseases and of their treatment is stored. Doctors feed
data on symptoms in the computer and get the necessary information on correct
diagnostics and treatment.
Words and word combinations:
a chief use-основная
цель использования
to discovery – открытие
a solution – решение
an existing knowledge – существующие решения
a symptom – симптом
the various diseases – различные болезни
a treatment – лечение
to feed – подавать, нагнетать
diagnostic – диагностический
Give the English equivalents for:
в современной больнице, накопление медицинских знаний, хранить
открытия, решение проблемы, существующие знания о симптомах различных болезней,
лечение болезней, подавать данные о симптомах в компьютер, получить необходимую
информацию, правильная диагностика и лечение.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the chief use of computers in modern hospital?
2. What is the only solution of the medical problem?
3. What are there in the medical computer centers today?
4. Why do doctors feed data on symptoms in the computer?
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