Russia: geography and economy
Topical vocabulary / Словарные
слова
total
area
общая площадь
to
occupy занимать
to stretch from
…to… протянуться
от … до …
to be bordered by
граничить с (чем-либо)
to comprise
smth.
включать что-либо
to vary from smth. to
smth. варьировать
от чего-либо до
чего-либо
a barren
desert
бесплодная пустыня
a high peaked mountain горная
вершина
a deep
valley
глубокая долина
to be located быть
расположенным
a
plain
равнина
a mountain
chain горная
цепь
to separate Europe from
Asia отделять
Европу от Азии
to flow
into
впадать (во что-либо)
climate
климат
arctic
арктический
continental континентальный
subtropical субтропический
the current population население на данный период
a highly-industrialized-agrarian republic республика
с высокоразвитой
промышленностью и сельским
хозяйством
vast mineral resources богатые запасы полезных иско-
паемых
to include oil and natural gas включать
нефть и природный
газ
coal уголь
iron железо
zinc цинк
lead свинец
nickel никель
aluminium алюминий
gold золото
a non-ferrous metal цветной металл
mineral wealth запасы полезных ископаемых
be engaged in agriculture быть
занятым в сельском
хо-
зяйстве
to
produce grain производить зерно
a
dairy product молочный продукт
a
granary житница
a constitutional republic
конституционная республика
the legislative power
законодательная власть
to be vested in
осуществляться (чем-либо)
1.1 Прочитайте
и переведите текст
The Russian Federation
In
area, the Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total
area is about 17 million square kilometres. It occupies most of Eastern Europe
and Northern Asia. Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the
Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Black
Sea and the Caucasus, the Altai, and the Sayan mountains, and the Amur and the
Ussuri rivers in the South. It is bordered by Norway and Finland
in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia
and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and Kazakhstan , Mongolia, China
along the southern border. The federation comprises 21 republics.
The land
of Russia varies from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked
mountains to deep valleys. Russian Federation is located on two plains, Great
Russian Plain and West Siberian Lowland. The longest mountain chains are the
Urals, separating Europe from Asia, the Caucasus, the Altai. Russia’s
most important rivers are the Volga, Europe’s biggest river, flowing into the
Caspian Sea, the main Siberian rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena), and
the Amur in the Far East, flowing into the Pacific Ocean. The total number of
rivers in Russia is over two million. The world’s deepest lake – Lake
Baikal, with the depth of 1600 metres, is situated in Russia,
too.
The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country
and subtropical in the south.
The current
population of Russia is about 50 million people; 82 % of the population are
Russians.
Russia is a highly-industrialized-agrarian
republic. Its vast mineral resources include oil and natural gas, coal, iron,
zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metals. Russia
has the world’s largest oil and natural gas resources. Three-quarters of the
republic’s mineral wealth is concentrated in Siberia and the Far East.
Approximately 10
million people are engaged in agriculture and they produce half of the region’s
grain, meat, milk, and other dairy products. The largest granaries are located
in the North Caucasus and the Volga and the Amur regions.
The
capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10
million people.
Russia is a constitutional republic, with
President as Head of State. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly,
consisting of the Council of Federation and the State Duma
1.2
Закончите следующие предложения
1)
Russia occupies
…
2)
The federation comprises …
3)
Russia borders on …
4)
There are many …
5)
Our country is bordered by …
6)
The main Siberian rivers are …
7)
There are …
8)
The climate in the central part of the country is …
9)
The climate in the south is …
10)
The people in the north live …
11)…
thick forests and barren deserts
12)…
Mongolia and China in the south
13)…
Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west
14)…
continental
15)…
two million rivers in Russia
16)…
17 million square kilometres
17)…
21 republics
18)…
the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena
19)…
subtropical
20)…
under the Arctic climate
21)
Russia is a country with a highly-developed …
22)
There are vast mineral resources including …
23)
The mineral wealth of the country is concentrated in …, including
24)
The population engaged in agriculture produce …
25) The largest granaries are …
1.3 Соотнесите данные предложения с текстом. Проверьте их, если необходимо
1)
Our country, the Russian Federation is the largest in the world.
2)
Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in North to the Pacific Ocean in the
West, from the Arctic Ocean in the South to the Black Sea in the North.
3)
Russia is not rich in mineral resources.
4)
It is an agrarian republic.
5)
10 million people work in agriculture.
6)
The North Caucasus, the Volga and the Amur regions are the largest granaries of
Russia.
7)
Russia is a constitutional monarchy, the head of the state is the Federal
Assembly.
1.4 Расскажите
о России
Контрольные
вопросы
1) What territory does Russia occupy?
2) What countries
does it border on?
3) What plains is
it located on?
4) What are the
longest mountain chains?
5) What sea does
Europe’s biggest river flow into?
6) What river
flows into the Pacific Ocean?
7) How deep is the
world’s purest lake Baikal?
8) How does the
climate in Russia vary?
9) What mineral
resources does Russia possess?
10) What industries are developed in Russia?
11) What products do agricultural enterprises produce?
Russia:
Political system
Topical vocabulary/
Словарные слова
to be set up by smth. быть
учрежденным, основан-
ным
в соответствии с чем-либо
under
the Constitution в соответствии с конституцией
a
presidential republic президентская республика
the
federal government федеральное правительство
a
branch власть (как часть правительства)
legislative
законодательный
executive
исполнительный
judicial
судебный
to be
checked by smbd. контролироваться кем-либо
to be
balanced by smbd. балансироваться, уравновешу-
ваться
кем-либо
to be vested in осуществляться
кем-либо
the
Federal Assembly Федеральное Собрание
a
chamber палата
the
Council of Federation Совет Федерации
to be
headed by the Speaker возглавляться спикером
to
initiate a legislature внести законопроект
to
approve a bill принять законопроект
to
be signed by smbd. быть подписанным кем-либо
to
veto the bill наложить вето на законопроект
commander-in-chief
главнокомандующий
the
armed forces вооруженные силы
to
make a treaty заключить договор
to
enforce a law проводить закон в жизнь
to
appoint a minister назначить министра
to
belong to smbd. принадлежать кому-либо
the
Prime Minister премьер-министр
on
appointment после назначения
to
form the Cabinet сформировать кабинет
to be
represented by smbd. быть представленным кем-либо
the
Constitutional Court Конституционный суд
the
Supreme Court Верховный суд
a
regional court региональный суд
to be
elected by popular vote быть избранным всенародным
голосованием
the
state symbol государственный символ
a
banner знамя
a hymn
гимн
a
national emblem национальный герб
to
originate from smth. происходить от чего-либо
the
heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitches родовой герб Рюрикович
Прочитайте и переведите текст
Political system
of Russia
The Russian Federation is a Presidential
(or a constitutional) republic. The President is the head of the state and is
elected directly by the people. In fact he has much power, he controls all the
three branches of power. The President can even dissolve the Duma if he doesn't
agree with his suggestions three times running. The President has his
administration, but it's not part of the Federal Government. The President is
involved in the work of the legislative and executive branches.
The Federal Assembly represents the
Legislative branch of power. It's made up of the two houses: the Federation
Council and the State Duma, which make laws. The Federal Assembly is also called
the Parliament, but it's not its official name. Both chambers are headed by
chairmen sometimes called speakers. The Duma consists of 450 deputies (one half
is elected personally py the population, and the other half consists of the
deputies who are appointed by their parties after voting). The members of the
Federation Council are elected on a different basis. There are two representatives
of each subject of the RF (89 subjects). Every law to be adapted must be
approved by the State Duma, the Council of Federation and signed by the
President. The President can veto laws passed by the Federal Assembly, but it
can pass laws over the President's veto a two-thirds majority.
The Federal Government represents the
executive branch of power. The President appoints its head, the Chainman of the
Government, but the Dums must approve his appointment.
The juridical branch of power consists of
the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and lower Courts. The
responsibility of the Constitutional Court is to analyze the new laws to make
sure they correspond to the laws of the state. The Constitutional Court has its
right to declare actions of the President, the Federal Assembly and the Federal
Government unconstitutional. The Supreme Court is the highest instance for
civil and criminal cases.
1. Закончите следующие предложения
1) Russian is …
2) The national
symbols of the Russian Federation are …
3) The Russian
Federation is …
4) It is headed …
5) The country
government consist of …
6) The President
controls only …
7) The legislative
power belongs to …
8) The executive
power is vested in …
9) The Federal
Assembly comprises …
10) The judicial
power belongs to …
1) … a
constitutional republic
2) … by the
President
3) … three
branches legislative, executive and judicial
4) … the executive
branch, the government
5) … the official
language of the state
6) … a
white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle
7) … two chambers:
the Council of Federation and the State Duma
8) … the
government
9) … the system of
Courts
10) …the Federal Assembly
2. Ответьте, можно ли соотнести следующие
предложения с текстом. Исправьте их, если необходимо
1) Three branches
of the federal government are checked and balanced by Speakers.
2) All the laws
are usually approved by both Chambers and signed by the President.
3) After having
been signed by the President the law becomes the bill.
4) The government
is headed by the Prime Minister.
5) The Prime
Minister may veto the bills, initiated in either of two Chambers.
6) The first
action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet.
7) The members of
the Federal Government are elected by popular vote for a six-year period.
3. Закончите следующие предложения и расскажите о государственных символах России
1)
The state symbol of Russia is …
2) It has three
horizontal stripes …
3) The white
stripe is the symbol of …
4) The blue stripe
symbolizes …
5) The red stripe
is the symbol of …
6) The
three-coloured banner replaced …
7) “The Patriotic
Song” by M. Glinka was …
8) The present-day
hymn has the melody …
9) Its new verses
were written by …
10) A two-headed
eagle is the most ancient symbol of Russia, it appeared in Russia since …
11) These symbols
of Russia are official and … by the Federal Assembly
4. Контрольные вопросы
1) When was
the Russian Federation set up?
2) What kind
of state is it?
3) What does
the federal government consist of?
4) What part
does the President play in the government?
5) What is
the legislative power vested in?
6) How many
chambers does it consist of? Name them.
7) Who heads
each chamber?
8) How does
a bill become a law?
9) What are
the functions of the President?
10) What are
the executive and the judicial branches represented by?
11) What are
the official symbols of Russia?
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