Санкт-Петербург: парящий над водой

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  MBOY:POTAPOVSKAY SOSH.
  
  
  Made by the teacher of English
  Klyueva N.V.
  
  
  
  Saint Petersburg: soaring over the water.
  

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  Saint- Petersburg
  St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 as his "window on the West", St Petersburg is often referred to as the Venice of the North or the Paris of the East, but its beauty is really a brand all its own. From the White Nights festival during the mysterious summer twilight to top theater and ballet productions and concerts on magical winter evenings, the city offers a vibrant cultural life that is second to none. Attractions in St. Petersburg overwhelm even the most seasoned travelers. From the State Hermitage Museum and the Mariinsky Theater to splendid suburban palaces and dozens of smaller museums, today's St. Petersburg is here to explore and enjoy. Although just 300 years old, St. Petersburg has a rich and exciting history, full of dramatic events and major historical figures. St. Petersburg enjoys a vibrant, cosmopolitan atmosphere and some of the most beautiful architecture in Europe. St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe and we feel we have to prove it! Just take a look at our Virtual Tour, we love this city and we are convinced you'll love it too!
  

• 3 слайд

  Hermitage.
  
  The Hermitage is the largest art museum in Russia and is famous throughout the world which displays are located in more than 350 halls. The main interiors of the palace take special seats. It is the second largest museum in the world after the Louvre in Paris. The displays of the Department of the Ancient World, the West – European Department, the Department of the East , the Department of primitive culture, Department of the history of the Russian culture, "Gold pantry", numismatics are opened in the museum. In the halls of the Hermitage artistic collections are regularly exhibited from the largest museums of the world. The Hermitage occupies 6 buildings: Winter palace, the Small Hermitage, the Large (Old) Hermitage, the Hermitage’s theater, the New Hermitage, the Main staff. Main included in a museum - from the side of the Palace area through the Large court of the Winter palace.
  The founder of the Hermitage : Empress Ekaterina II
   
  
  

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  The cruiser “ Aurora”
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  The Aurora's keel was laid down at the "New Admiralty" shipyard in St Petersburg on 23 May 1897. The cruiser was launched on 11 May 1900 and joined the Navy of Russia in July1903. During the Russian-Japanese War the cruiser, being included in the second Pacific Ocean squadron, sailed to the Far East (October 1904 - May 1905). The cruiser Aurora had her baptism of fire in the Tsushima battle on 14-15 May 1905. When she returned to the Baltic sea, the Aurora for a long time was used as a ship for training naval cadets of the Naval College. In 1906-1912 the cruiser visited ports of many countries of the world and on November 1911 the Aurora's crew participated in the festivities in honour of coronation of the Siamese King in Bangkok, the capital of the Kingdom of Thailand. During World War I the cruiser Aurora, as a member of the second squadron, took an active part in the military actions on the Baltic sea. At the end of 1916 the cruiser was put in Petrograd's docks for repairs. In 1917 the Aurora's crew took an active part in the February and October revolutionary activities and the Civil War repulsing international intervention. In 1922-1923 the cruiser Aurora became one of the first warships on the Baltic sea to be put into service as a specialized ship for training. Till 1940 students of Naval colleges did practical work on the cruiser. "The Aurora" again sailed a lot and visited foreign ports. In 1924 the cruiser was awarded the Red Banner of the USSR Central Committee and in 1927 decorated with the order of Red Banner. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the cruiser Aurora with her crew defended Leningrad. She fought battles far from the city (the Chudskaya Flotilla) and at the approaches to it (the Voronya Hill). Heroic deeds of the sailors added a glorious chapter to the history of their warship. For the whole period of the Leningrad siege from 1941 to 1944 the Aurora was moored at a pier in the Oranienbaum port (the town of Lomonosov) and was constantly shelled and bombed. The hull was holed, got many leakages and sank aground, but the small crew courageously fought for the life of their ship. In July 1944 the ship was raised and taken into a dock for repair. In 1948 the cruiser Aurora was moored at the Petrogradskaya embankment of Leningrad and till 1956 was used as a naval training ship by the Leningrad Nakhimov College. In 1956 the cruiser Aurora was made a museum (a branch of the Central Naval Museum). For 45 years the museum has been visited by more than 28 million people from 160 countries. In 1968 the cruiser Aurora was decorated with the Order of the October Revolution. In July 1992 the Saint Andrew Naval Banner - the symbol of Russian naval power - was raised over the ship again.
  

• 5 слайд

  Kunstkammer.
  Museum of anthropology and ethnography of the name of Peter the Great (Kunstkammer) of Russian Academy of Sciences is the successor of the first Russian State Museum, the famous Peter’s Kunstkammer was founded on the decree of Peter I in 1714. Complex approach to the study of man and culture through ethnography, anthropology and archaeology brought to the forming of the Museum of anthropology and ethnography of the name of the emperor Peter the Great. Ethnographic, anthropological and archaeological collections reflect the variety of cultures of people of the Old and New World and are part of cultural property of all humanity.
  
  

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  Mint Place
  The building of the Mint Place was constructed on the project of the architect A. Porto in 1799-1805 . The monumental and solemn building of the Mint Place closes prospect of the central avenue. On the Petersburg’s Mint Place the gold, silver and copper coins were minted, the medal’s works were carried out. Since 1922 on the Mint Place the awards and the medals, the breastplates are produced, the Soviet small change coin is minted.
  

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  Petergov.
  The band of palaces and parks of Petergov is the monument of architecture and park and garden art, getting a world fame as the "capital of fountains" (in all in the parks of Petergovt here are 4 cascades and 176 fountains). It possesses the richest collection of the Russian and West-European fine and applied art of XVIII - XX century. In the complement of band of the Large palace, palace, enter Cottage, palaces of Gauze and Ekaterina’s corps, a pavilion is the Hermitage. There are of not less interest the "Petergof’s parks": Overhead garden, Lower park, including Hothouse and Menazhereynyy gardens, gardens of Venus and Bacchus. The landscape English, Colonist and Meadow parks and park Alexandria enter in the complex of petergofskykh bands.
   
  
  
  

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  A museum is located in 3 floor mansion of style early modern, belonging to the Nabokov since 1898. In the house wonderful interiors were saved in style of Rococo, Ludwig XV, French renaissance on the ground two floors. There are the most interest itself the apartments of the dining-room and the boudoir of Helen Nabokova, the mother of the writer, facing by the fretted wainscots from a nut and mahogany. A museum occupies the ground floor of house in which there were vestibule, telephone, dining-room, green living room, Library, a committee and kitchen. During 2000 repair restorations works were conducted as a result of which some details of interiors were cleared and recovered. Now a surveying excursion in Russian and English languages, telling about history of house and Nabokov’s family , is conducted in the walls of museum, and also about numerous appearances of Nabokovsk’s childhood, piercing all his Russian-language creation. The cultural programs are regularly conducted in a museum (seminars, chutneys, round tables, literature-musical holidays, presentations of books editions), many of which are counted on a young audience. Presently the employees of museum work above creation of new permanent display the purpose of which
  there will be demonstration of the most valuable authentic copies of our collection.
  
  Nabokov’s Museum
  

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   A museum was opened in 1989, to the century from the day of birth of Akhmatovoy Ann. It was the first museum devoted to those representatives of Akhmatova’s generations, which tried to keep the peace, the personality in the conditions of the totalitarian state. The new display decision of 2003 year divided museum space into two parts: memorial, returning the look of 1920th - 1940th to the apartment of Punynykh-Akhmatovoy, and literature-historical, inferior to other display logic is "I remember everything at one and the same time." (Akhmatova).
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Ekateryna II
  
  
  Akhmatova’s Museum
  

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  The Peter and Paul Fortress.
  
  
  
  Petropavlovskaya fortress
  
  

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  The Pushkin’s Museum
  

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  The Pavel’ s Museum
  Today it is a museum which assembly totals more than 45 thousand exhibits, includes collections of Russian and West-European decorative applied art, painting and costume, assembly of the antique sculpture. The museum develops new directions of the activity – exhibition of modern art, educational activity for children and adults. It is unique country park which two centuries is open for general public. It uses the area of 540 hectares. In December, 2007 the museum celebrated 230 anniversary.
  The founder: empress Ekaterina II and Pavel I
  

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  The Smolny Cathedral.
  Smolny cathedral was founded by the
  architect Rastrelli in 1748-1835.
  Thecathedral unites two architectural
  styles - Baroque and Classicism.
  The Kazan Cathedral
  A cathedral in St Petersburg that designed and built by the Russian architect A. Voronikhin in 1801-1811. it is devoted to the Holy Virgin of Kazan.
  

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  The Russian Museum
  The state Russian Museum was founded in St Petersburg under the decree of the emperor Nicola II in 1895. It became the first state museum of Russian fine art in Russia. In 1992 by the decree of the president of Russian Federation the museum is referred to especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of Russian people. Originally museum settled down in halls of the Mikhailovsky Castle. The present Russian Museum is a museum of a new type. The created museum complex is not only the most beautiful architectural ensemble, but also a place of active leisure, cultural centre deciding educational, scientific – educational and organizational tasks for all layers of the population without dependence from age, background and social status.
  

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  Malachite living room.
  Some of the Hermitage’s sights
  Military gallery
  Bearing a coat of arms hall
  

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  Palace in St Petersburg that was built
  and designed by the famous architect
  Bartalameo Rastrelli in 1754-1762. Before 1917 it was one of the residences of the Russian tsarist family. Now it is one of the buildings of the world famous museum the Hermitage. The Winter Palace was transformed into museum after the October Revolution.
  WINTER PALACE
  

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  The Summer Gardens
  The oldest garden in St Petersburg, existing since 1704. it has an area of 11 hectares. The planning was done by Peter the Great himself who wanted to have a better garden than the French king had in Versailles. There you can find marble statues, a “Coffee House”, a “Tea House” and a lot of other interesting things. The Summer Garden is kept in good repair and is one of favourite places of rest for residents of St Petersburg and its tourists. The unique decorations of the Summer Garden were destroyed by many floods from 1777-1824.
  

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  Admiralty
  
  One of the most beautiful buildings of city incorporated still by Peter I, and constructed on his drawings, amazes with the beauty. The admiralty was reconstructed at a reign Anna Ioannovna who has decided to lift a spike. The Admiralty spike has risen from 50-72 meters on height. And in spite of the fact that still Петр I ordered to put on “the Admiralty needle” the building of Admiralty remained boring, ordinary-looking and uninteresting. Only in the beginning of XIX century the ornament of Admiralty has undertaken by the architect A. Zakharov. And then the Admiralty house has changed finally, becoming one of most beautiful buildings of St.-Petersburg. Works on an ornament of Admiralty continued 17 years, many talented architects and sculptors took part in them. Now you can see magnificent sculptures. At bottom of a house delightful nymphs stand holding terrestrial and heavenly spheres. The dome of Admiralty is decorated with 28 statues, and among them there are delightful and unforgettable works. “The Admiralty needle” is one of the most known compositions in St.-Petersburg. The image of the Admiralty spike, with floating ship in clouds is an emblem of the city on Neva.
  

• 19 слайд

  St Petersburg bridges
  There are hundreds of bridges in St Petersburbridges, stone and wooden bridges, bridges across the broad Neva, the still canals, the Fontanka and the Moika. Well –known architects designed and decorated the famous St Petersburg bridges in the 18-19 centuries. The bridges make an organic part of St Petersburg which cannot be pictured without them. The first bridge over the Neva was built in 1727 to connect the Admiralty and the Vassilevsky Island. The longest bridge in St Petersburg is the Alexander Nevsky bridge. The number of bridges connecting other islands increased with the years.
  

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  St Isaac’s Cathedral
  St Isaac’s Cathedral was decorated by the famous Russian artists
  K.Brulov, F.Bruni, P.Basin, P.Shebuyev in 1842-1858. This cathedral
  was built in honour of St Isaac of Dalmatia because on St Isaac’s day
  Peter the Great was born.
  

• 21 слайд

  List of the used literature
  http://www.museum.ru/M145
  http://www.kunstkamera.ru
  http://www.cathedral.ru/M3062
  http://www.hermitagemuseum.org
  http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_Ru/08/hm88-0.html
  http://www.museum.ru/M106