Пән
аты: Шет тілі. (Ағылшын
тілі)
Бекітемін
директордың оқу ісі
жөніндегі
орынбасары:
_________
Б.Жолшыбеков
The
English
Сабақ
жоспары № 19
The subject of the lesson: The
complex sentences with adverbial clauses of cause, purpose, manner.
The aims of the lesson: 1) Educational-
1) Educational-to acquaint students with a new vocabulary and expressions on a
theme: The complex sentences with adverbial clauses of cause, purpose, manner.
2) Developing-the practice phonetic
skills. Training lexical skills.
3)
Bringing up- to stimulate interest
in learning language.
The type of the lesson:Жаңа
тақырыпты таныстыру.
Methods: Түсіндіру.
Interobjects connection:Kazakh
language, Russian language
The visual aids:CD,CD-RW.
Ноутбук. Ғаламтор қолдану.
The
procedure of the lesson:
I.
Organization moment:(3
мин)
1. Greeting
Good day, students! Sit down! I am glad to see you!
We begin our English Lesson!
2.
Conversation with on duty:
Who is on duty today?
What date is it today?
What day is it today?
Who is absent?
Thank you, very much! Sit down!
3.
Check up the educational accessories.
4.
Creation the language atmosphere
What is the weather like today?
What season is it now?
Is it raining today?
II.
Phonetic drill:(3
мин)
Ickle-pickle, huckle-buckle,
Snuckle in my shoe.
Mickle-muckle,
Nickle-nuckle,
Out
go you!
1.
Repetition of the lesson.
2.
Checking the home task.
What was your home task for today?
III.
Presentation of the new material:(3
мин)
New words.
The Complex Sentence Adverbial
Clauses
1. An adverbial clause is a dependent clause
that serves as adverbial modifier to the predicate or another member of the main
clause:
Andrea couldn't type any more letters as her
eyes were tired.
As Doris ran up the steps, she twisted her
ankle.
Pretty as she was, nobody liked her.
2. Adverbial clauses can be joined syndetically,
i. e. by means of subordinating conjunctions, or asyndetically (in which case a
sentence could always be paraphrased so as to include a conjunction). An
adverbial clause can precede, interrupt or follow the main clause. The general
rule is to punctuate adverbial clauses placed in initial or medial position:
An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms an
orderly queue of one.
3. According to their meaning we distinguish the
following types of adverbial clauses: adverbial clauses of time, place,
condition, reason, purpose, result, manner, comparison and concession.
Adverbial Clauses of Time
1. Adverbial clauses of time (or temporal
clauses) are used to say when something happened by referring to another event:
I can't pay my bills until my paycheque
comes.
Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by the
following one-member and multi-member subordinators: when, before, by
the time (that), the first/last/next time (that), wherever, since, directly,
during the time (that), after, until, immediately, no sooner…than, as, till,
once, hardly / scarcely / barely... when, as/ so long as, while, every / each
time, the moment/minute, etc. (that).
2. As a rule, future tenses are not found in
clauses of time; present tenses with a future reference are used instead.
3. Main clauses opening with the endorsing items barely,
hardly, scarcely and no sooner have inverted word
order. If these endorsing items occur in medial position, the word order is
normal. These sentence models generally use the past perfect tense in the main
clause and the simple past in the time clause.
If a clause of time preceding the main clause
opens with only after, only when or not until, the
main clause has inverted word order.
After wherever (and other -ever compounds
in various types of subordinate clauses) we sometimes find the modal
auxiliary may, which can imply a remote possibility.
Minor breakdowns, whenever they may occur,
will be fixed promptly.
Adverbial Clauses of Place
1. Adverbial clauses of place are used to say
where something happened by referring to the scene or direction of another
event or process. Adverbial clauses of place are introduced by the
subordinators where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere:
Where buildings were destroyed by the
earthquake, rescue parties are now at work.
Sometimes an adverbial clause of place is
preceded by a preposition:
I can see it clearly from where I'm sitting.
2. Present simple is normally used to denote a
future action after the subordinators anywhere, everywhere and wherever.
Adverbial Clauses of Condition
1. Complex sentences with adverbial clauses of
condition (called "conditional sentences" or
"conditionals") are used to refer to an event, described by the main
clause, that depends for its occurrence on another event (condition), described
in the subordinate clause. Conditions may be thought of as real or unreal
(hypothetical or counterfactual).
2. Adverbial clauses of condition are introduced
by the following one-member and multi-member subordinators: if, so/as
long as, on (the) condition (that), if…then, assuming (that), in the event
that, unless, given that, suppose / supposing (that), what if, in case (that),
provided/providing (that), say, once, on the understanding that.
3. An adverbial clause of condition can be
joined asyndetically provided that it has inverted word order.
In asyndetic conditional sentences, the
contracted forms Weren't, Shouldn't and Hadn't cannot
be used to open a conditional clause; the corresponding full forms should be
used.
4. In dealing with conditional sentences and
their varied structure, two criteria should be taken into account: the time
reference and presumed reality or unreality of the situation described. These
factors combine to determine the choice of verb forms in conditional sentences.
Accordingly, we distinguish three basic models of conditional sentences:
Type 1: situation thought of as real; present,
past or future time reference.
Type 2: situation thought of as unreal or
hypothetical; present or future time reference.
Type 3: situation thought of as unreal; past time
reference.
Within these types there is considerable
variation of form and meaning.
Adverbial Clauses of Reason
1. Adverbial clauses of reason (or cause) are
used to give a reason for the event or situation named in the main clause or to
say why the statement expressed in the main clause is true. Adverbial clauses
of reason are introduced by the following one member and multi-member
subordinators: because, now that seeing (that), as, in that considering
(that), since, for the reason that, insofar as (formal), due / owing to the
fact that, so / as long as, in view of the fact that, inasmuch as (formal), on
the ground(s) that.
2. Adverbial clauses of reason introduced
by as occasionally have inverted word order, with a
predicative of the subordinate clause moved to the front. Cf.: Tired as
she was, I didn't like to disturb her. As she was tired, I didn't like to
disturb her.
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
1. Adverbial clauses of purpose are used to
indicate the purpose of an action. Purpose clauses are introduced by the
following conjunctions: so that, in order that, lest (formal), that
(old-fashioned), so (informal), in case, for fear (that), if (+ be to).
2. As purpose clauses refer to hypothetical or
future events, they often employ a modal, a future verb or a subjunctive mood
form. When the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, or else in
the imperative mood, the purpose clause employs may, can or will. The present
simple is also possible.
Besides, the purpose clause frequently employs the
present simple if the predicate of the main clause includes a modal verb or a
subjunctive mood form:
He should drive carefully so that he doesn't
get fined.
When the verb in the main clause is in the past,
the purpose clause employs might, could, should or would:
Before coming to class I put my name on the
cover so that nobody would take my course book.
Adverbial Clauses of Result
1. Adverbial clauses of result describe the
result entailed by an action or event named in the main clause. Result clauses
are introduced by the following multi-member subordinators: (so)...
that, (such)... that, so that, with the result that. Result clauses always
follow the main clause:
We arrived ahead of time, so that we got the
best seats.
2. Adverbial clauses of result introduced
by so... (that) and such... (that) are also
called adverbial clauses of degree.
The scope of his knowledge was such that he
could lecture on any literary trend without using any notes. (or: Such was the
scope of his knowledge that...)
3. Result clauses introduced with so that
may look similar to clauses of purpose. However, their verb forms are
different. A result is a "real" fact; therefore, the predicate of a
result clause stands in the indicative mood (chiefly the simple present or
past). A purpose is an "unreal" fact, or an intended result;
therefore, the predicate of a purpose clause often includes a modal verb
(usually should / would), or a verb in the future tense. Otherwise, the
unreality is shown by the verb form in the main clause.
Adverbial Clauses of Manner
1. Adverbial clauses of manner are used to say
how something is done by referring to another action, real or imaginary.
Adverbial clauses of manner are introduced by the following one-member and
multi-member subordinators: as, in a way, much as, (in) the way (that), as if,
how (informal), as though, like (informal).
Notice the verb form variants in adverbial
clauses of manner after as if and as though:
George writes as if he is left-handed. (One
can infer from his handwriting that he is left-handed.)
George writes as if he was/were left-handed.
(but he is not)
Adverbial clauses of manner joined by as can
optionally have inverted word order, particularly when the subject is expressed
by a long noun phrase.
2. The meaning of manner as expressed by
adverbial clauses often implies comparison. However, clauses of manner differ
structurally from clauses of comparison in that they do not correlate with an
endorsing item in the main clause. Clauses of comparison, conversely, always
require an endorsing item. Besides, clauses of manner can be used to elaborate
the meaning of an adverbial modifier of manner, in which case they could be
regarded as specifying adverbial clauses of manner.
Adverbial
Clauses of Comparison
1. Adverbial clauses of comparison are used to
compare two things or facts so as to say how they are similar or different.
Adverbial clauses of comparison are introduced by the correlative
subordinators as and than, with an endorsing item
in the main clause. The endorsing item can be an adverb (as, more, less)
or a morpheme (-er), modifying a comparative element.
2. Endorsing items in the main clause often
combine with intensifying or limiting adverbs: half, much, far,
etc.
The following structures are most often found in
comparative clauses: as... as, not so... as, -er... than, more... than,
not as... as, as... as if, less... than, nothing like, (much/nearly/almost/just
about) the same... as.
A clause of comparison generally follows the main
clause.
3. The present simple is often used to refer to
the future in comparative clauses.
Adverbial Clauses of Concession
1. Complex sentences with adverbial clauses of
concession express the admission that although something is true or accepted, another
part of the problem, another view or situation (often unexpected) exists.
Adverbial clauses of concession are introduced by the following one-member and
multi-member subordinators: although, though, even though, even if,
while, whereas, granted that, whatever,
wherever, whichever, whoever, not that, considering, whether... or, in spite of
the fact that, despite the fact that, whenever, much as, however (good), no
matter (what).
2. A concessive clause has inverted order if it
opens with a predicative followed by the conjunctions as or though:
Handsome as/though he was, nobody liked him.
In this kind of structure as has
a concessive meaning, as distinct from clauses of reason, where as retains
its causal meaning whether the word order is inverted or not. Cf.: Tired
as she was / As she was tired, I didn't like to disturb her. (an adverbial
clause of reason)
Tired as she was, she went on typing. (an
adverbial clause of concession).
IV.
Consolidation of the new lesson: (12 мин)
V.
Conclusion of the lesson: (2
мин)
1. The result of the
lesson
2. Home task: Retell the text.
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