The Golden Gate Bridge Материал можно использовать в качестве дополнительного по теме "The United States of America".

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  The Golden Gate Bridge
  Презентация по теме “The United States of America”
  Авторы: 11й класс, МБОУ СОШ, Чехов, Холмский район.
  

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  Important Dates
  1920: A feasibility Study recommends construction of the Golden Gate Bridge
  1923: The State Legislature Passes the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District Act of California into Law
  1930: Joseph Strauss, Chief Engineer submits his final plans for the bridge
  January 5, 1933: Construction of the bridge begins
  

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  February 1933: Anchorages are completed
  June 1935: The towers are completed
  March 1936: The suspension cables are completed
  April 1937: The deck surface is completed
  
  
  

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  Official Pedestrian Day:
  May 27, 1937
  
  Bridge opens for traffic:
  May 28, 1937
  

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  Spanning the Golden Gate
  The entrance to San Francisco Bay was named the ‘Golden Gate’ by early settlers
  One mile wide gap
  60 Mph wind tunnel like gusts of wind for much of the year
  2.5 Million cubic feet of water per second pass through the Golden Gate
  Currents
  Earthquakes
  

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  Project Management Before the Manhattan Project
  James Reed
  General Manager
  
  Joseph Strauss
  Chief Engineer
  

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  Joseph Strauss: Chief Engineer
  

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  Strauss the Man
  Rude
  Short-tempered
  Arrogant
  Labeled ‘brilliant bully’ by his peers
  -Strauss thought big. His graduate thesis proposed a 50 mile long bridge across the Bering Strait that would connect Siberia and Alaska.
  
  

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  Scope
  Build a bridge spanning the Golden Gate
  -Must be tall enough for ships to pass underneath.
  
  

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  Time
  There was no real set timetable; managers ensured the project progressed as quickly as possible.
  

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  Cost
  $73,000,000
  

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  Financial Facts
  $35 million in bonds
  $38 million in interest
  Bridge completely paid off on June 30, 1971
  Bridge completely paid for by tolls
  No state or federal money went into the bridge
  Bank of America extended a $5 million line of credit to the bridge project
  People put up their homes, farms and businesses as collateral for the bridge to generate the $35 million in bond issue
  Presently, bridge still operates only with money collected from tolls
  

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  To Build a Bridge
  Strauss spent three years researching his first design
  He assembled a team of engineers to create the final design
  Strauss expected that three dozen workers would die during the construction, about one for every one million dollars spent on the construction
  11 deaths occurred
  

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  Black Wednesday: February 17, 1937
  A scaffold slipped off the bridge and through the protective netting below, taking ten men to their deaths.
  

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  The Net
  $120,000 Safety net suspended 60 feet below the road surface: nineteen men saved
  
  

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  The ‘Halfway to Hell’ Club
  Nineteen official members, some jumped for fun
  Named by tabloids looking for a story
  First official member hit the ground as well, broke four vertebrae
  
  

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  Fort Point
  Located directly under south end of bridge
  Historians and the community in general protested to preserve the fort
  

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  Records held by the Bridge (in 1937)
  Longest bridge
  Tallest free standing structure in the world (over 740 feet)
  
  
  

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  Golden Gate Fun Facts
  Riveting crew held unofficial speed contests; they sometimes threw red-hot rivets distances of 70 feet or more
  
  80,000 miles of pencil diameter steel cable in bridge
  
  Steel for the bridge was made in Pennsylvania and ‘shipped’ to California via the Panama Canal
  
  $75,000 paid in tolls each day
  
  A gold rivet was hammered into place to celebrate the completion of the bridge
  
  ‘International Orange’
  Blind woman and guide dog the first pedestrians ever to cross the bridge
  
  1.25 billion cars have crossed bridge since ’37
  Each anchorage weighs as much as 17,000 elephants
  

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  References
  Barter, James. The Golden Gate Bridge. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2001.
  Van Der Zee, John. The Gate: The True Story of the Design and Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.
  www.inetours.com/Pages/SFNbrhds/Golden_Gate_Bridge.html
  www.goldengatebridge.org