Технологическая карта "Vitamins" 11 класс

Орал «Мақсат» медициналық колледжі

Ашық сабақтың

әдістемелік жоспары

Пәні	Кәсіптік шет тілі
Мамандық	0302000  «Мейіргер ісі»
Сабақтың тақырыбы:  “Vitamins”

				ҚҰРАСТЫРҒАН
				А.Б. Султангалиева

2018 ж.

Теориялық сабақтың технологиялық картасы

Технологическая карта теоритического занятия

Пән: Кәсіптік шет тілі

Мамандық : «Мейіргер ісі»

Сабақтың тақырыбы:  Vitamins

Сағат саны:2

Сабақтың мақсаттары:

Білімділік: дәрумендердің ағзадағы рөлі және дәрумендер жетіспегеннен болатын аурулар, көкөністердің пайдасы туралы білімдерін жетілдіру мақсатында ізденуге, тез ойлауға, алғырлыққа, тапқырлыққа баулу. Жаңа сөздермен танысу

Дамытушылық:  Шет тілінде өз ойын жеткізу,

Тәрбиелік: Салауатты өмір салтын ұстанып, дұрыс тамақтануға тәрбиелеу

Сабақтың түрі:  құрама сабақ, аралас сабағы.

Оқыту әдістері: топтық, сұрақ-жауап, интерактивті тақтамен, оқулықпен жұмыс

Сабақтың көрнекілігі: ТСО, дидактикалық материал (тапсырмалар карточка),            слайд-презентация, УМК, Л.Г. Казырева, Т.B.Шадская «Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ» оқулығы, сөздік.

Пәнаралық байланыс    «Терапиядағы мейіргер ісі» «Педиатриядағы мейіргер ісі»

Сабақтың құрылымы/Структура занятия

Сабақ кезеңдері	Кезеңдегі уақыт	Мазмұны	Оқытушының іс-әрекеті	Студенттің іс-әрекеті
1. Ұйымдастыру кезені	2 минут	Амандасу. Сұрақ қою арқылы студенттердің назарын сабаққа аудару.	Good morning, students. Take your seats, please. How are you? Is it autumn now? Is it cold or warm in the street? Do you like the weather today? What do you have for breakfast?	Good morning teacher. Fine, thanks. What about you? Yes it is. It’s cold in the street. Usually I have eggs, juice ……
2.Білімді өзектендіру	25 минут	Лексика, грамматика қайталау	Who is ready to the home task? Crossword puzzle.	The students retell the text and words. Do the tasks
3. Жаңа материалды үйрену	25 минут	Жаңа тақырыппен таныстыру мақсатында сұрақ қою арқылы тақырыпты ашу.	Look at the blackboard and watch pictures. Today’s new theme is Vitamins. What kinds of vitamins do you know? Is it useful for our health? Let’s open the books on page 105. You will see the theme of our lesson. What did you understand from watching the film?	Students read and translate the text. Answer for the questions. See the film and discuss it.
4. Жаңа тақырыпты бекіту	35 минут	Жаңа тақырыпты бекіту мақсатында тапысрмалар орындау, жаттығулар жазу.	Let’s do tasks	The students do the given tasks
5. Үй тапсырмасы	1 минута	Сабақты қортындылау	Your homework are learning by heart new vocabulary, translating and prepare retelling of the text “Vitamins” on page 105. Moreover, repeat the definition of grammar theme.	The students write the hometask
6. Сабақты қортындылау	3 минуты	Мақсаты – өзін – өзі бағалауды қалыптастыру.	Now put down your marks for the work at the lesson. Homework for the next lesson will be learning by heart the new vocabulary, retelling of the text ” Pneumonia “ and Pronouns	Студенты выставляют себе оценку за тест, высказывают свое мнение о своей работе на уроке, работе других, об уроке. Записывают домашнее задание.

Оқытушы/Преподаватель    Султангалиева А.Б.        __________________                                       .                

            а.ж.т./ф.и.о                                   қолы /подпись                            күні/дата

Ход занятия

                                                                                                                            I.Организационный момент

T: Good morning, students! Sit down, please! I am glad to meet you. How are you?

St: …

T: Who is on duty today?

St: …

T: Who is absent today? ….

St: …

T: What day is it today?

St: ..................

Vocabulary

amount – количество, значение

carnivorous – хищный

clotting factors – свертывающие факторы

conjunction – соединение, сочетание

crack – перелом, трещина

to cross – поражение сетчатки

deficiency – недостаточность

to deplete – уменьшать, убавлять

essential – обязательный, главный

to flatten – выравнивать

foodstuff – продукт питания, еда

to fortify – укреплять

herbivorous – травоядный

to impair – нарушать, ослаблять

malnutrition – неполноценное питание, истощение

neuropathy – нейропатия

numb – онемение, окоченение

to peel – шелушиться

to preserve – сохранять, оберегать, поддерживать

pins-and-needle sensation – чувство покалывания

prey – добыча

to promote – способствовать, помогать

retinopathy – поражение сетчатки

to recur – повторяться

to replenish – пополнять, восполнять

to resolve – устранять

rickets – рахит

scurvy – цинга 

soluble – растворимый

to substitute – замещать

supervision – контроль

sterility – бесплодие

supplement – добавка, приложение

tingling – бредовое состояние

widespread – широко распространенный

A - Level’s text

Vitamins

Vitamins are a group of organic substances required in our diets in small amounts for growth and nutrition. They are usually found in foodstuffs or taken as supplements. Yet vitamins probably present a wider gap between myth and reality in the layman’s understanding than almost any other area of our diet. Most people have recognition that Vitamin C prevents scurvy, that Vitamin A is found in fish liver oils, or that Vitamin D is found in dairy products; many people believe that Vitamin E preserves youth and prevents sterility or that Vitamin C can present colds and cancer. Beyond this, however, there is still considerable ignorance and widespread myth. The reality behind the common practice of taking vitamin supplements is less dramatic, although vitamins do represent an important component of the necessary human diet.

The word vitamin was formed from the Latin word «vita» («life») and the Greek word «amine», because 19th century scientists believed that they were formed only from amino acids. Amino acids are the twenty essential code elements which arrange themselves in varied sequences or chains to form complex proteins, the basic foodstuff of life. These organic acids (containing the essential ingredient NH2), in conjunction with the nucleic acids (DNA material being composed of the four bases adenine, guanine thymine and cytosine), «translate» the genetic instructions from the DNA of the chromosome to the RNA transcript, and in turn transfer these instructions from the transcript to proteins. If proteins are the building blocks of life, then amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Plant cells form amino acids from the compounds which the plant draws up from the ground, such as the nitrates and ammonia salts. Animals, however, can’t perform this conversion of simple inorganic substances to amino acids, so they must ingest them in the form of food — with herbivorous animals consuming plant proteins in vegetables and carnivorous animals consuming animal proteins in the bodies of their prey. Vitamins are essential aids in many body processes, converting food the energy, building and maintaining cells and other functions.

Vitamins can thus be looked at as a crucial ingredient in the long-term maintenance of health. Vitamins come in two main forms — water soluble and fat soluble. The fat soluble vitamins, including A, D, E and K, are absorbed by the body with the aid of fat and then stored in body fat. Because they are stored in this way, we do not need to take these vitamins daily and it is usually possible to maintain adequate amounts in the body through a normal, well-balanced diet. But for the same reason, it is possible to overdose on these vitamins by taking too many as supplements, in which case they can build up to toxic levels and actually cause harm to the person taking them.

The water soluble vitamins, including Vitamin C and all of the B complex vitamins, are used up quickly or excreted in urine and perspiration; they are not stored and should be consumed daily. They break down quickly and can be partially lost through premature harvesting, long and improper storage, processing, overcooking, and cooking in water. The high amounts of both water soluble and fat soluble vitamins found in raw vegetables and fruits are often lost when they are processed, with a few exceptions such as carrots, which actually gain in vitamin A by being cooked. The best sources of the different vitamin groups are now well-known. Vitamin A, including retinol and «provitamin caretenoids,» is found in liver, butter, whole milk, cheese and egg yolks and in carrots, leafy greens, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, cantaloupes and so on (provitamin caretenoids). Vitamin A is extremely important formation and maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, in visual functions and in bone and tooth development. A deficiency of Vitamin A can cause impaired growth, nigh blindness, diarrhea and increased mortality in the worst cases. Experiments in giving large Vitamin A supplements for malnourished children have had mixed results; some reported a reduction in infant and child mortality, but a recent study of Sudanese children between 9 and 72 months found little difference in a test group that was given megadoses of A (200,000 units) and a placebo group that was given only small amounts of Vitamin E.

Vitamin D (calciferol) found mostly in fortified dairy products but also in fish oils egg yolks, is particularly important for hardening of bones and teeth, and aiding in the intestine’s absorption of calcium. Deficiencies of D can cause rickets in children and more rarely, oseomalacia in adults; overdoses are known to cause retarded growth, kidney damage and calcium deposits in the soft tissues. Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is found in vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, wheat germ, egg yolk, butter and liver. It functions as an «antioxidant» for other vitamins, preventing C and A and other fatty acid proteins from being burnt up prematurely; in this way it helps prevent cell membrane damage. Most experts believe that Vitamin E deficiency can only occur in extreme causes of malnutrition, but this doesn’t mean that supplements might not be useful. One recent study found that Vitamin E rich blood helped to prevent angina (cardiovascular distress), for reasons not yet understood.

The B vitamin group is very important. B1 or thiamin found in meats, whole grains and nuts, serves in carbohydrate metabolism and production of ribose for RNA and DNA. B2 or Riboflavin, in liver, milk, cheese, meat and fortified grains, functions as a coenzyme to help cells use oxygen to get energy from food. B6 or pyroxidine, found in meats, shellfish, whole grains and vegetables, also serves as a coenzyme in protein metabolism. B12, found in the same foods and in milk products, serves as a coenzyme in nucleic acid synthesis and development of red blood cells. Deficiencies of the B group can cause anemia, skin problems and other diseases.

Other vitamins include niacin, folacin (folic acid), biotin and pantothenic acid, all of which serve as coenzymes to help synthesize fat, form vital chemicals in the life processes, or assist in energy metabolism for the body processes. Some typical symptoms of deficiency are fatigue, depression or anemia. Recently, it has been found that Vitamin K, a fat soluble substance, is essential in the blood-clotting process and it is hoped that it can be applied to treatment of hemophilia, wound or surgery recovery and other medical problems.

As a group, vitamins are often confused with the many hundreds of minerals that are also need for basic growth and maintenance functions of the body. Like vitamins, most minerals can also be found in foods, but shortages of minerals are also possible. There have also been unproven claims for vitamins in general, such as that supplements increase children’s IQ. Probably the greatest confusion exists about Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), a substance found in many vegetables and fruits, and needed for holding body cells together, healing wounds and broken bones, and resisting infection. Many extravagant claims, such as curing cancer and preventing common colds, have been made for Vitamin C. While some evidence exists of side benefits, long term studies have failed to give conclusive evidence that C can produce miracles. Like other water soluble vitamins, however, C is easily depleted from the body, and any diet without sufficient C from fresh fruits and vegetables will need supplements.

Tasks to the A - Level’s text:

1.      Match the half-sentences to make correct and complete sentences:

1. Some typical symptoms of deficiency are …	A. …the Latin word «vita» («life») and the Greek word «amine».
2. B12, found in the same foods and in milk products, serves …	B. … absorbed by the body with the aid of fat and then stored in body fat.
3. A deficiency of Vitamin A can cause …	C. … as a coenzyme in nucleic acid synthesis and development of red blood cells.
4. Vitamin D is particularly …	D. … fatigue, depression or anemia.
5. The water soluble vitamins, including Vitamin C and all of the B complex vitamins, are …	E. …only occur in extreme causes of malnutrition, but this doesn’t mean that supplements might not be useful.
6. The word vitamin was formed from …	F. … angina (cardiovascular distress), for reasons not yet understood.
7. Vitamin E rich blood helped to prevent …	G. … the twenty essential code elements.
8. The fat soluble vitamins, including A, D, E and K, are …	H. … used up quickly or excreted in urine and perspiration; they are not stored and should be consumed daily.
9. Most experts believe that Vitamin E deficiency can …	I…. impaired growth, nigh blindness, diarrhea and increased mortality in the worst cases.
10. Amino acids are …	J. … important for hardening of bones and teeth, and aiding in the intestine’s absorption of calcium.

2.      Make up sentences:

1. maintenance, a, can, of, vitamins, health, thus, looked, crucial, in, the, at, long-term, be, as, ingredient.

2. or, supplements, found, are, in, usually, foodstuffs, taken as they.

3. are, of, the, of, building, life, amino, then, blocks, acids are, the, if, building, proteins, blocks, proteins.

4. of, B, the, can, group, anemia, and, other, skin, diseases, deficiencies, cause, problems.

5. considerable, myth, beyond, there, still, ignorance, widespread, this, and, is, however.

3.      Match the names of vitamins with the synonyms:

1) tocopherols	a) Vitamin A
2) pyridoxine	b) Vitamin B12
3) biotin	c) Vitamin K
4) pantothenic acid	d) Vitamin B6
5) cyanocobalamin	e) Vitamin B5
6) phylloquinone	f) Vitamin B9
7) retinol	g) Vitamin E
8) folic acid	h) Vitamin B7

Crossword

					16
				17
																	6
														3
									5
18																				9
							4																				12
	14									2									10
			13
																8
								1
																			11
7
						15
								19

Questions to crossword:

Horizontally:

1. A disorder of infancy and early childhood caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft bones.

4. Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development and body functions.

5. An insufficiency, especially of something essential to health.

7. The act of supplementing.

8. A condition in which the sufferer has frequent and watery bowel movements.

10. A disease caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C leading to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, loosening of the teeth and bleeding into the skin and from almost all mucous membranes.

11. One of the constituents of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast and bran, that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

13. Any small molecule that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.

15. A lack of adequate nourishment.

17. A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide.

18. A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

19. A disease, with skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency.

Vertically:

2. Actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.

3. The act of joining, or condition of being joined.

6. In nutrition, one of a group of vitamins that act against the effects of free radicals.

9. The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed in living organisms.

12. A naturally occurring pentose sugar, which is a component of the nucleosides and nucleotides that constitute the nucleic acid biopolymer, RNA.

14. An instance of material which may be used as food.

16. Constituent of vitamin D2.

Test to the A - Level’s text:

1. … have hormone-like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism.

a)      vitamin E

b)      vitamin K

c)      vitamin D

2. Deficiencies of … can cause rickets in children and oseomalacia in adults.

a)      vitamin E

b)      vitamin D

c)      vitamin K

3. Most people have recognition that … prevents scurvy.

a)      vitamin A

b)      vitamin B

c)      vitamin C

4. … is found in vegetable oil, green leafy vegetables, wheat germ, egg yolk, butter and liver.

a)      vitamin E

b)      vitamin D

c)      vitamin A

5. … is found in meats, whole grains and nuts, serves in carbohydrate metabolism and production of ribose for RNA and DNA.

a)      vitamin B₅

b)      vitamin B₂

c)      vitamin B₁

6. … is found in the same foods and in milk products, serves as a coenzyme in nucleic acid synthesis and development of red blood cells.

a)      vitamin B₇

b)      vitamin B₁₂

c)      vitamin B₉

7. … is found in liver, milk, cheese, meat and fortified grains, functions as a coenzyme to help cells use oxygen to get energy from food.

a)      vitamin B₁

b)      vitamin B₂

c)      vitamin B₅

8. … is essential in the blood-clotting process and it is hoped that it can be applied to treatment of hemophilia, wound or surgery recovery and other medical problems.

a)      vitamin K

b)      vitamin E

c)      vitamin D

9. … is found in meats, shellfish, whole grains and vegetables, also serves as a coenzyme in protein metabolism.

a)      vitamin B₅

b)      vitamin B₇

c)      vitamin B₆

10. …is extremely important formation and maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, in visual functions and in bone and tooth development.

a)      vitamin E

b)      vitamin D

c)      vitamin A