Talk-Show
“Human Impact on the Earth”
(for 10-11 forms)
Внеклассное мероприятие.
Учитель английского языка
МБОУ «Средняя
общеобразовательная школа
с углубленным изучением
отдельных
предметов №52»
Сазонкина В.В.
Пояснительная записка
к разработке В.В. Сазонкиной
на тему «Влияние человека на окружающую среду»
(Human Impact on the Earth)
Автор рецензируемой работы решает несколько задач,
направленных на развитие коммуникативных компетенций, с помощью ролевой игры,
выбрав для этого очень актуальную тему. Ценность данной разработки заключается
в сочетании традиционных методов в виде монологических высказываний и
мультимедийных средств в представлении и освоении отобранного материала,
который содержит много нужной, полезной информации и богатый специализированный
лексический массив, связанный с обозначенной темой. Заслуживает похвалы как
широта, так и глубина охвата проблем, подпадающих под заявленную общую тему
(экология, экосистема, загрязнение окружающей среды, сохранение растительного и
животного мира, глобальное потепление и т.д.), а также использование
видеофильма о форуме в Петербурге, на котором шла речь о сохранении популяции
Амурских тигров.
Необходимо отметить, что объем, представленного в
разработке материала, позволяет использовать его не только в форме ролевой
игры, но и как дополнительный материал в течение длительного учебного времени в
старших классах, а методика работы над ним может варьироваться по желанию.
Цели:
Учебно-образовательная цель:
- Формирование лексических и грамматических навыков говорения.
-Формирование речевой инициативы учащихся в ситуациях, предполагающих
творческие монологические и диалогические высказывания.
-Формирование навыков самостоятельного решения коммуникативных задач на
английском языке.
Развивающая цель:
- Формирование интеллектуальных и речевых способностей.
- Расширение представления учащихся о странах изучаемого языка.
- Углубление лингвострановедческих знаний.
- Развитие способности осуществлять продуктивные речевые действия.
- Содействие совершенствованию мыслительной деятельности (анализ,
обобщение, вывод).
Воспитательная
цель:
- Формирование у учащихся активной жизненной позиции.
- Воспитание сопричастности к спасению окружающей среды.
-Воспитание чувства толерантного отношения к мнению других людей.
Оснащение:
1)
компьютер,
2)
мультимедийный проектор и экран,
3)
презентация по теме,
4)
видеофильмы,
5)
магнитофон,
6)
таблицы.
7)
плакаты.
Epigraph to the talk-show.
«The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself».
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Ведущий:
Dear guests, welcome to our
talk-show.
It is devoted to a very important
problem, the problem of the pollution of the environment and the impact of
people on the Earth. I think that the words of Franklin Delano Roosevelt can be
the epigraph to our talk-show.
We have invited people who are
greatly interested in the solution of the problem. They are:
·
An ecologist
·
A journalist
·
Members of “Greenpeace”
·
Members of “The WWF”
·
A member of nature protection organization
·
A member of the Government
·
An Emergency Services Ministry representative
·
Common people
To start with I would like to
remind you of the meaning of the word “Ecology”.Please, read the definition of
the word.
Журналист:
WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
No living
thing or group of living things can live and grow in isolation. All organisms,
both plants and animals, need energy to develop and all species of living
things influence the lives of others. Ecology is a science. It studies how
plants, animals and other living things live in relation to each other and to
their environment.
Ecology is one of the most important sciences
nowadays. It teaches us how to survive in the modern world.
Ведущий:
I think that Mr. Evdokimov will
start our debate. Please, take the floor.
Эколог:
Ladies and gentlemen, let me
tell you a few words about an ecosystem.
An ecosystem (EK-oh-sis-tuhm)
is made up of groups of living things, and the environment in which they live.
In an ecosystem, the living things are able to get the things that they need in
order to survive. Healthy ecosystems are in balance. In other words, there is
enough food, water, and shelter for all of the species that live within the
ecosystem.
Plant and animal populations
interact with one another in many different ways. Animals tend to use plants
for food and shelter. Animals carry seeds from place to place, and help to
fertilize the soil. Insects find their food while hiding in or around plants.
Insects also help pollinate plants so that they can grow and produce fruit.
When plant and animal populations work together, they function as communities.
A community is made up of all the populations found in a specific area.
Обыватель:
Does it mean
that in different specific areas there are different ecosystems?
Эколог:
You are right.
There are many different types of ecosystems. Ecosystems can be found in
tropical rain forests, saltwater marshes, coral reefs, kelp forests, and deep
in the ocean. Each ecosystem is unique, but each also requires a delicate
balance between the plant and animal species in order for the ecosystem to
remain healthy. Pollution, rapid deforestation, natural disasters, and slow
environmental changes over time can all threaten the health of our earth's
ecosystems. We should do everything we can to preserve nature's delicate
balance so that its wonders can be enjoyed by generations to come.
Обыватель:
Can you say
anything about Vernadsky’ s prediction of the new nature of our planet?
Эколог:
Of
course I can. Nearly 70 years ago, the Soviet government made a surprising
observation; through technology and great human numbers, he wrote, people were
becoming a geological force, shaping the planet’s future just as rivers and
earthquakes had shaped its past. Eventually, the scientist, Vladimir Vernadsky,
wrote that global society, guided by science, would soften the human
environmental impact, and the Earth would become a “noosphere”- a planet of the
mind, “life’s domain ruled by reason”.
Обыватель:
And
what is your personal attitude to this prediction? Will it come true?
Эколог:
Today,
a broad range of scientists say that part of Vernadsky’s thinking has already
been proved correct: people have significantly altered the atmosphere and are
the dominant influence on ecosystems and natural selection. The question now is
whether the rest of his vision will come true.
Ведущий:
How is
it possible to maintain the balance of the Earth, I wonder?
Эколог:
The human beings have realized the
environmental damage of the last century. With the aid of satellites and
supercomputers, they now have a real chance to balance economic development
beginning with sustaining the Earth’s ecological systems
Human activity has such a great influence
on the planet’s ecology that it is no longer possible to separate people from
nature. Emissions of carbon dioxide, whether from Ohio power plant or Bangkok taxicab, contribute to global warming. Shoppers in Tokyo seeking inexpensive
picture frames send people deep into Indonesian forests.
Ведущий: Thank you for your information.
Журналист:
I can' t but agree
with you that “it is no longer possible to separate people from nature”. But
people forget that they are part of our environment as any other living things.
Let me show you what we have in reality.
The Earth is the only planet
in the solar system where there is life. If you look down at the Earth from a
plane you will see how wonderful our planet is. You will see blue seas and
oceans, rivers and lakes, high snow-capped mountains, green forests and fields.
For centuries man lived in harmony with nature until industrialization brought
human society into conflict with the natural environment.
I ask one of you to read the names the
environmental we face nowadays.
Обыватель:
Among the most urgent problems are:
- Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Acid Rains
- Toxic Pollution of Atmosphere
- Deforestation
- Global Warming
- Ozone Layer
Журналист:
Air pollution is a very important problem.
Cars and
factories pollute the air we use. Their fume also destroys the ozone
layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun. Aerosols
create large “holes” in the ozone layer round the Earth. Burning coal and oil
leads to global warming which may bring about a change in the world’s climate.
The other problem is that our forests are dying
from acid rains. Deforestation, especially destruction of tropical
forests, affects the balance of nature in many ways. It kills animals, changes
the climate and ecosystem in the world.
Another important pollution
problem is the oceans.
Many ships sail in the ocean
water- fishing ships, some ships carrying people, some carrying oil. If a ship
loses some of the oil in the water, or waste from the ships in put into the
ocean, the water becomes dirty. Many sea birds die because of the polluted
water. Many fish are dying in the sea, others are getting contaminated.
Fishermen catch contaminated fish which may be sold in markets, and people may
get sick from eating them. Lakes and rivers are becoming polluted, too.
Ведущий:
Can you add anything?
Обыватель:
Some beaches are dangerous for
swimming.
The
Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral
Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day
nothing will be able to live in the seas.
Ведущий:
Let me remind you of the recent
accident in the Mexican Bay.
As a result of the explosion about 840 million
gallons of oil poured into the bay. It spread all over the bay and even farther.
Fish die, animals die, birds die. If nothing is done in the near future
all fauna and flora of the bay will perish.
The company “British Petroleum”
uses chemical reagents breaking-up oil. However it causes poisoning of water.
Fish die because of heavy haemorrage.
Обыватель:
I agree that pollution damages
the Earth but we can’t do without it. Automobiles are polluting the air but
they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the
water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers
and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.
Журналист:
People would have to stop using many
useful things if they want to put an end to pollution immediately. Most people
do not want to do that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually.
Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles
and factories. The Government can adopt laws that will make enterprises take
measures for reducing pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work
together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.
Ведущий:
We all understand the necessity
of keeping our environment clean. But in reality people who take active
measures to save the planet are not numerous. Fortunately two of them are the
participants of our talk-show. They are members of “Greenpeace”.
Представитель группы «Гринпис»:
First of all let me give you
some official information about our organization. Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 40
countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam,
the Netherlands. Greenpeace
states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth
to nurture life in all its diversity" and focuses its work on world wide
issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial
whaling and anti-nuclear issues. Greenpeace uses direct action, lobbying and research
to achieve its goals. The global organization does not accept funding from
governments, corporations or political parties, relying on more than 2.8
million individual supporters and foundation grants.
Представитель «Гринпис»:
Within a few years Greenpeace has spread to
several countries and started to campaign on other environmental issues such as
commercial whaling
and toxic wastes.
Greenpeace is known for its direct actions and has been described as the most
visible environmental organization in the world.
“Greenpeace” acts against nuclear
tests, radiating threat, pollution of the environment by waste industrial
products, to protect the animal world, etc. This organization influences public
opinion through mass media, under its aegis manifestations and protest actions
are carried for solution of concrete ecological problems.
For example, the “Greenpeace” has sent its boats to protect whales, and today
commercial whaling is banned. In the North Sea Greenpeace swimmers turned back
dump ships carrying chemical waste, and new laws to protect the North
Sea have been considered.
Представитель «Гринпис»:
Nowadays we
can give an explanation of many things in the life of animals. But even
scientists are puzzled over some events. Take for example perishing of birds.
It has become known that a great number of birds in many countries have
perished.
(Watching the video
“Perishing of Birds”)
Обыватель:
Who is guilty of it? Why don’t
scientists study this phenomenon? May be it witnesses of some coming
catastrophe for people?
Представитель
фонда дикой природы:
I am a member of the WWF.
Frankly speaking I share your anxiety as far as our efforts are concerned.
First of all I’d like to tell you
a few words about our organization.
In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund was founded – a small group
of people who wanted to raise money to save animals and plants. Today, the
World Wildlife Fund is a large international organization. It has raised over
35 million pounds for conservation projects, and has created or given support
to National Parks in five continents. If more people give more money – and if
more governments think of what is happening – perhaps the World Wildlife Fund
will be able to help us to protect the natural world and all of us with it.
Watching the video “WWF about forests”.
Представитель WWF:
We study the animal world and more than other
people understand the terrible situation in which several species of animals
find themselves.
Take for example elephants.
Представитель WWF-2:
Giants in danger.
Today, many elephants in Africa are dying
because they do not have enough to eat or to drink and because they do not have
enough space to live in.
Hunters kill thousands of elephants every year.
Some kill them for meat. But most kill elephants for their ivory tusks. (бивни)
Most of elephants have gone to national parks. There
are too many animals there. As a result, the elephants do not have enough grass
and leaves to eat.
All these problems have greatly reduced the
number of elephants in Africa. Specialists think that only two million
elephants live on the planet today.
Представитель
WWF-1:
BIG CATS
15,000,000 big cats: tigers, snow
leopards, jaguars and lynxes are killed every year for their skins.
Skins are used to make fur coats and jackets
which sell at very high prices: a quality lynx coat, for example, costs at least
10,000 pounds. The main exporter of cat skins is South America, and they are
imported by the European Community, the United States and Japan.
Обыватель:
Why do you try to frighten us? For
centuries people have been wearing fur-coats, and they will always do it. Don’t
tell me that it may result in a decrease of animals.
Ведущий:
I think there is one person
here, who has something interesting to tell you as far as tigers are concerned.
Представитель правительства:
Ladies and gentleman, on the 23rd
of November famous politicians from 13 countries came to St. Petersburg to take
part in the summit to discuss the problem of disappearance of tigers. Among the
participants of the forum there were some world famous people, such as the
Prime Minister of the Russian Feleration Vladimir Putin, the actor Leonardo Di
Caprio and the model Naomy Campbell.
It was necessary to organize this forum because
tigers are among disappearing species nowadays. Some people kill them to save
their livestock and their lives. But some people have hunted tigers for fun and
for their beautiful skin. Scientists have been aware and anxious about the
problem for a long time.
The population of tigers has reduced from 100000
to 3200 during the last century. Three out of eight species have died out. The
situation is catastrophic. The cost of saving these animals is between 350
million and 370 million dollars.
Vladimir Putin had suggested that a summit
devoted to saving of tigers should take place. The heads of the countries where
tigers still exist got together in St. Petersburg to discuss this problem and
to adopt a declaration. The debates were friendly. Vladimir Putin pointed out that
saving of tigers is not a trifle. He said: “We think about future generations.
We should keep nature for them. If tigers feel safe, people are sure to be
safe, too. It was agreed that the number of these big cats should be doubled by
2022.
Part of necessary 350 million dollars was raised
at the charity concert. Leonardo Di Caprio promised to give one million dollars
to the World Wild Fund to save tigers.
Watching the video “V.Putin at the forum
in St.Petersburg”.
Ведущий:
The destructive activity of
people, their constant desire to penetrate into remote areas of the planet has
caused a lot of disasters. The reaction of nature to people’s doings can be
terrible.
The population of our planet more and more often
becomes the victim of disasters.
They are volcanic eruptions, avalanching,
earthquakes, floods, hurricanes (tornadoes, typhoons). More and more lands
suffer from draught, flood. More and more people die of famine and epidemic.
Журналист:
An even greater environmental
threat is nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of
the Chernobyl disaster are.
Представитель МЧС:
The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, took place on April 26, 1986. It seriously aggravated the ecological situation
in Belorussia. That catastrophe can be considered as the largest disaster of
the 20th century. As a result of that accident 18% of territories of our
republic were contaminated by radioactive elements. The agriculture of our
country suffered great losses. More than 20% of the population has also
suffered. A death rate among children has increased considerably.
Обыватель:
I have a question. And what are
the attempts of scientists in order to help people after the accident?
Представитель МЧС:
The wide researches are carried
out, but health state of the people living in polluted areas, is worsened. The
level of thyroid gland cancer has increased, the immunity of children and women
is weakened, a lot of diseases appear out only a few years later. Everyone
understands that this catastrophe is a threat to health of our nation, and
though years have already passed, the results will become obvious to the future
generations.
Everybody has heard about an
accident at the nuclear power station “Fucusima-1”
in Japan. Nobody knows for sure how many people will be victims of this
catastrophe, but it is clear that they will be numerous.
Обыватель:
You have poured out so much
terrifying information that I’ve got really frightened.
Isn’t there anybody to defend us?
Представитель МЧС:
Let me say. People are careless.
But we, people working at the Emergency Services Ministry, do everything
possible to save people and animals.
Are there any tourists among you?
Обыватель: I am.
Представитель МЧС:
Do you like to make a campfire in
the forest?
Обыватель:
Of course, I do. I believe there
is no rest without a campfire.
Представитель МЧС:
And that was the main reason for
forest fires last year. Just think, what happened!
The summer of 2010 was extremely hot. Almost all
vegetation dried. There was a complicated fire situation in many places of our
country. Fires started mostly in forests. A single spark was enough to start a
fire. Fire moved at a speed of 30
kilometres an hour. During that summer fires spread over the territory of more
than 500000 hectares.
There were a lot of peat fires that caused heavy
smoke screens in Moscow and many other towns.
About 250000 people extinguished fires.
As a result of this disaster more than 1200
houses burned down and more than 50 people perished.
About 20 countries offered their help in the
struggle against fires.
Журналист:
Big cities face the environmental
catastrophe. Constant carbon dioxide emissions is a characteristic feature of
big cities. Pollution of water by both industrial and domestic users creates
the problem of water deficit. One form of pollution that is characteristic of
large urban cities is noise that has destructive influence on a person's mind.
Litter is another issue that people face in big cities. As a result of it big
industrial centres today look more like garbage dumps.
Ведущий:
And what about the pollution of
the countryside?
Очевидец 1:
When I look around I realize
that not all people understand the importance of nature protection. On fine
summer days a lot of people go out of town. They have picnics on the shores of
lakes and the banks of rivers or on beautiful forest glades and they often
leave behind a lot of rubbish- plastic bags and bottles, tins and paper. It
makes me feel sad.
Очевидец 2:
I’m very worried about people
throwing away litter. Just think of all the litter around. Soon there won’t be
any more places free of it. People should do something about litter, before
it’s too late!
Очевидец
3:
I find the situation in our
countryside worrisome. Near my house there is a pond. It is badly polluted by
the builders. Empty paint containers, bits of wood, crisp packets are thrown into
the pond. The pollution killed lots of fish and baby ducks. What’s more, the
builders refused to help us clear the pond. They are the ones that caused pollution
and they must eliminate it.
Ведущий:
I’m sure you realize that all of
us should make a contribution to keeping our environmental clean. We should
remember that each of our steps has consequences.
Guess what happens when we pollute the
environment.
Ведущий: Участники:
We pollute the air. - We change the
climate.
We throw away plastic bottles . - We damage nature.
We leave litter in the forest. - We hurt animals.
We don’t recycle paper. - We cut down trees to
make new paper
We break trees. - We disturb
birds.
We throw litter into the river. - We cause water
pollution.
We leave glass bottles in the - We hurt animals and
people.
forest.
Ведущий:
Nowadays more and more people
become aware of the ecological problems that humanity faces. Grown-ups try to
involve children into saving the environment.
In fact there are hundreds of little things that an
ecological conscious person can do. No matter how small the gesture is, it all
adds to a better quality of life for you and your future children.
Can you say anything about your contribution to
keeping our environment clean?
Обыватели:
1.
I personally try to avoid over-packaged products. They clog up the
environment with waste. But generally I buy fruit and vegetables loose, not
pre-packed in plastic, as foam plastic contains ozone-harming
chlorofluorocarbons.
2.
As every civilized person I can hardly do without sprays, soap, washing
powders etc. Unfortunately, they are still making aerosols and sprays
containing ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons. Most old brand aerosols from
supermarkets or pump-action dispensers are safe buys.
3.
I also try to use fewer batteries in my Walkman or CD player. Every
teenager should keep in mind that batteries contain toxic chemical, and we buy
millions of them a year. Burned, they pollute the air; buried, they poison the
land. A good idea is to buy rechargeable ones.
4.
My parents are gardeners. They grow their own products without synthetic
fertilizers.
My friends keep a hedgehog in the country kitchen garden.
It’s really a double take, as it helps them to fight slugs an snails and
secondly their children are brought up in the spirit of love and respect to
Nature.
Эколог:
Of course, everything we have
heard here is very nice. But I’m sure you understand that it is not enough for
solution of the problem we are discussing here. The main steps should be taken
by the Government.
Ведущий:
I suppose the member of a nature
protection organization can share her opinion of this problem.
Член природоохранной
организации:
Mankind has long believed that, whatever we did,
the Earth would remain much the same. We know now that it is untrue. Nature is
under threat. One country’s pollution can be every country’s problem. So we all
need to work together to safeguard our environment.
We have a moral duty to look after our planet
and hand it on in good order to future generation. That doesn’t mean trying to
halt economic growth. We need growth to give us the means to live better and
healthier lives. We must not sacrifice our future well-being for short-term
gains, nor pile up environmental debts which will burden our children. Where
there are real threats to our planet we have to take great care. Prevention can
often be better and cheaper than cure.
Russia attaches particular
importance to the environmental policy.
But not everything is still done in a proper way.
Обыватель:
What particularly should be done?
Член природоохранной организации:
Our Government must:
- preserve and enhance Russia’s natural and cultural
inheritance; encourage the more prudent and efficient use of energy and
other resources;
- make sure that Russia’s air and water are clean and safe,
and that controls over wastes and pollution are maintained and
strengthened where necessary.
Журналист:
I want to add, that countries
should have strict laws to control pollution, to protect animals and plants.
Governments should be responsible for protecting nature. Today the law in some
countries says: “The polluter must pay. If a person damages trees and animals,
he must also pay”. But unfortunately such good laws don’t always work.
Ведущий:
Nobody can deny now that to keep
our environment clean is everybody’s duty. Let’s remember the words of Antuan
de Sent Exupery:
Слайд:
Later the little Prince told me the following : “There
exists a firm rule – When you get up in the morning and tidy yourself up, don’t
forget to maintain order on the planet”.
Antuan de Sent
Exupery
Ведущий:
To finish our talk-show let's
make an oath!
Слайд:
We swear:
- to use natural resources intelligently
- not to litter the streets of our towns, the banks of
rivers and lakes.
- not to interfere in the life of wild animals.
- to plant at least one tree during our life
- not to endanger our selves and environment.
Ведущий:
Our talk-show is coming
to an end. Thank you for your participation. Good-bye.
Литература.
1. М.З.Биболетова, Е.Е. Бабушис, Английский язык
с удовольствием, 10 класс, Обнинск: Титул, 2010.
2. М.З. Биболетова, Н.Н.Трубанева, Английский
язык с удовольствием, 8 класс, Обнинск: Титул,2008.
3. О.В. Афанасьева,
И.В. Михеева, Английский язык, 8 класс. г.Москва, «Просвещение», 2009.
4. Т. Клементьева,
Джим Шеннол, Счастливый английский, 7-9 класс, Обнинск; Титул, 2000.
Интернет-ресурсы:
1)Энциклопедия
«Википедия» - http://ru.wikipedia.org
2)Сайт «Фонда
защиты дикой природы» - http://www.wwf.ru/
3)Сайт, посвященный
сохранности окружающей среды - http://eco.rian.ru/nature/
4)Сайт
«Министерства чрезвычайных ситуаций» - http://www.mchs.gov.ru/
5)Сайт сообщества «Greenpeace» - http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/
6)Сайт, посвященный
«Красной книге России» - http://www.floranimal.ru
7)Сайт, посвященный
экосистеме планеты - http://www.ecosystema.ru
![Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky
(12 March [ 28 February] 1863 – 6 Januar...](https://documents.infourok.ru/1ebc7803-ac36-4c11-b59d-441f5c4226fc/0/slide_28.jpg "Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky
(12 March [ 28 February] 1863 – 6 Januar...")
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